非谓语动词高考考点精讲精练讲义--高考英语备考专题复习.docx
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1、mR髓动词点精讲懒义一、考查非谓语动词的句法功能1 .考查非谓语动词做主语在非谓语动词中,能做主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。两者的区别是:表示具 体的、一次性的或将来的动作,多用不定式;表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为,多用 动名词。此外动名词做主语通常位于句首;不定式做主语那么常置于句末,而把形式主语it 放在句首。【典例 1 Its standard practice for a company like this one (employ) a security officer.解析:to employ。根据句法,句中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后接的不定式;a company 是不定
2、式动作的执行者,所以用不定式的主动形式。【拓展】不定式做真正主语的常用句型有:It is necessarWimportant/. (for sb.) to do sth.; It is kind/foolish/. (of sb.) to do sth.- It takes sb. some time to do sth.【典例2】As time is pressing, I think (take) a taxi is the best way to get from here to the conference Centre.解析:taking。根据句法,I think后接的宾语从句中缺
3、少主语,表示一般性的行为,所 以此题用动名词的一般式做主语。【典例 3】It,s no use (complain) without taking action.解析:complaining0此题考查固定句型Its no use doing sth.,句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是动名词。根据句意,没有被动关系,所以用动名词的主动形式。【拓展】 在句型“It is + no use/ no good /useless/ senseless/ worthwhile/ fun/ a waste of time doing sth”中,用it做形式主语,而把真正的主语(动名词)置于句尾做后置主语
4、。2 .考查非谓语动词做宾语可以做宾语的非谓语动词只有动名词与不定式。动名词做宾语常表示一个概念或习惯 性动作;而不定式做宾语表示具体的、一次性的、个别的或可表示将来的动作。【典例 4 It,s quite hot today. Do you feel like (go) for a swim?解析:considered。根据句法,此题中有两个连词that与what,可连接三个谓语动词, 即:is acknowledged, is与are dying for,所以第四个动词consider只能用非谓语动词形 式;consider与其前的名词an iphone6构成动宾关系,故用过去分词cons
5、idered做后置 定语。2 .判定非谓语动词的逻辑主语确定要采用非谓语动词之后,下一步就是要找到其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能做谓 语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫逻辑主语。非谓语动词做主语补足语、 宾语、状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语;做宾语补足语时,其逻辑主语是宾语;做定 语时,逻辑主语是所修饰的名词;复合结构自带逻辑主语。非谓语动词用主动形式还是被 动形式,主要看非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间的关系来判定。止匕外,如果分词与句子的主语 不一致,分词必须要有自己的逻辑主语,也就是要用独立主格结构。典例 28 (see) from the top of the building,
6、our school is very beautiful.解析:Seen。see是及物动词,与句子主语our school之间构成动宾关系,所以用过 去分词seen做状语。【典例 29】Having got the news, he stood there silently for long, his lips _ (tremble) constantly.解析:trembling。此题考查独立主格结构,题中没有连词,无法并存两个句子,所以 tremble只能用动词的非谓语形式;tremble是不及物动词,逻辑主语lips与tremble之间 构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现在分词trembli
7、ng。3 .判定非谓语动词的语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间是主动还是被动 关系。如果非谓语动词是及物动词,逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 用主动形式;逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,用被动形式。如果非谓 语动词是不及物动词或系动词,只能用主动形式。【典例 30 (finish) all the homework, the boy went out to play football.解析:Having finishedo句子主语the boy与finish之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,并且非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词went o
8、ut这一动作之前,所以用现在分词完成式 的主动形式。4 .判定非谓语动词的时态在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。如果非谓语动词所 表示的动作与主要的谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生,或在它之后发生,那么用 to do (主动)或to be done (被动);如果所表示的动作与主要的谓语动词所表示的动作 同时或几乎同时发生,并强调正在进行的情景或持续性,那么用to be doing或doing(主动), being done (被动);如果所表示的动作在主要的谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,那么用 to have done (主动),to have been don
9、e (被动)或 having done (主动),having been done (被动)或done (被动或完成或既表示被动又表示完成)。【典例 31 The building (construct) now will be used as a reading room.答案:being constructedo construct与the building之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系;再根 据句中时间状语now,说明大楼正在建造,所以用现在分词进行式的被动形式。【典例 32 The building (construct) next year will be used as a readin
10、g room.解析:to be constructed。construct与the building之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系;再根 据句中时间状语next year可知,大楼将在明年建造,所以用不定式的被动形式表示将要发 生的动作。【典例 33 The building _ (construct) last year is used as a reading room.解析:constructedo construct与the building之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系,再根据句 中时间状语last year可知,大楼已经建成,所以用过去分词表示被动和已经完成的动作。【典例 34】Tom sat
11、 under a tree chatting with his friends and (see) his former teacher, stood up in no time.解析:seeing。根据句法,此句是简单句,and连接两个并列谓语sat与stood up,所 以see只能用非谓语动词;句中主语Tom与see之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用现 在分词做原因状语。【注意】(1) having been done或done做状语时两者可以互换,但如果侧重于时间 先后,那么常用having been done;充当其他成分时用done。(2)已经形容词化了的分词,ed形容词,通常说明人
12、,意为“(某人)感到;ing 形容词通常说明事物,意为“(某物)令人.”或“令人的(事物)”。(3)“及物动词+介词”表示状态,该结构中动词常用过去分词,如:devoted to, dressed in, lost in, seated (in/on), accustomed to, caught in, compared to/with, crowded with, equipped with, faced with, filled with, (be) used to 等。(4)以下情况下用主动形式表示被动意义:在系表结构中,在diMcult, easy, hard, interestin
13、g, pleasant, nice, fit, dangerous等词后的不定式常用主动形式表示被动 含义。to let (出让),to blame, to decide on (决定)通常用主动表示被动的含义。 当不定式做名词或代词的定语,表示将要发生的动作,通常要放在被修饰的词后,并且 被修饰的名词多为它的逻辑宾语;但有些不定式只起单纯的修饰作用。(5) need/want/require (需要),deserve (值得),当主语是动作的承受者时,后 面的宾语有两种形式,即:need/want/ require/deserve +doing/ to be done。总之,要做好非谓语动词
14、类试题,除了掌握其句法功能外,关键还要遵循以上解题的 四个步骤以及掌握非谓语动词的特殊及固定用法。五、强化训练(-)用所给动词的适当形式填空1 .Hard as the fire was _ (control) , the firefighters dint withdraw.2 .一Who is the man followed by a group of students there?一A professor (do) research on physics.3 .A terrible terrorist attack occurred at the train station in Ku
15、nming, on March 1, 2014, (cause) 29 death and more than 140 injuries.4 .That was such an (embarrass) question that it made me (embarrass), not knowing how to answer.5 .He stayed up too late every night, (determine) to catch up with his classmates.6 .The managers discussed the plan they would like to
16、 see (carry out) the next year.7 .He wrote a lot of novels, none of them _ (translate) into a foreign language.8 .We spent hours driving and another few hours waiting, only (tell) that the plane would be delayed until midnight.9 .Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals, if (not handle) proper
17、ly, may contribute to spreading diseases.W.They use computers to keep the traffic (run) smoothly.11.Li Na officially announced his retirement on September 18, 2014, _ (play) tennis for 26 years.12.Such plants, particularly(appeal) to collectors, motivated them to explore on a large scale.13.Lessons,
18、 when _ (organize) in fun ways, will certainly inspire the students interest.14.Recently the father has found his son increasingly (attract) to the Internet games.15.1 hear theyVe promoted Tom, but he didn5t mention _ (promote) when we talked on the phone.16.Your car requires (repair) , Jeff.Sure. Y
19、ou know it is also what I want to have (repair) for long.17 .Passengers are permitted _ (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.18 .The detective, pretending to be reading a newspaper, glanced at the man _ (seat) next to a woman.19 .Every opportunity should be made use of _ (practice)
20、our oral English.20 .Dressed in her most beautiful skirt, the girl tried to make herself _ (notice) at the party.(二)单句改错1 . The way referred to solve the problem sounds reasonable.2 .With so much work done, I have to stay at home for a whole day.3 . The fact is that some people do nothing but to bre
21、ak the whole program.4 . The book basing on the life of the students is well worth reading.5 .Jessie was very excited, just as I had imagined, finding her stolen motorcycle yesterday.6 .When we believed that Alice was sad for being blamed for the broken window, Tom stood up to say that he himself is
22、 the one to be blamed.7 .Judged by what she said at the meeting, she must have lied to all of us.8 .Our school, founding in 1955, will celebrate its 60th anniversary next year.9 . The room measuring 10 meters across is large enough for a single man to live.10 .Sorry, I can5t go to play with you. The
23、re are so many problems remained to be settled.11 .When exposed to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, felt nervous or anxious.12 .We regret informing you that our library will be closed next Wednesday, Thursday and Friday for the sports meeting.13 . He recommended reading the
24、book before seeing the movie.14 .Having done quite well in the important exam, he came back home, relaxing and smiling.15 .Admitted to a key university, all the students in Senior three are making great efforts to study.16 .The landslide occurred at midnight, killing five people and left seven other
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