动词不定式教学设计.docx

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1、动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是比。+动词原形”，有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化, 一.动词不定式的形式肯定式：to do sth否定式：not to do sth.主动语态被动语态一般式to writeto be written完成式to have writtento have been written进行式to be writing完成进行式to have been writing.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生用一般式1) He wanted _to see_ you. 2) I hope to see you again.1 .强调不定式的动作正在进行时，

2、用进行式When I came in, he pretended (o be reading a book.He is said to _be vriting_ a novel now.2 .强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成式He is said _to have written(write) a novel last year.二.动词不定式的作用动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语，独立成分.1 .作主语(1)动词不定式直接做主语。如：To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很

3、危险的。To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。(2)下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。句型 1： It + takes sb +some time + to do It takes us an hour to get there by bus.句型 2： It+be + n. + to doIfs our duty _to_ help the poor.句型 3： It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.It is + adj + for sb to do sth (是形容事物的性质的)如 dif

4、ficult, easy, hard, important, dangerous, impossible 等。It is + adj + of sb to do sth （是形容人的品质的）如 kind, good, nice, right, wrong,clever careless polite foolish 等。It is easy _for me to finish this work before ten.It is important _forpeople to learn good manners.It is very kind _of_ you to give me some

5、 help.Its impolite _of_ you to speak to the teacher like that.2 .作宾语动词不定式做宾语具体用法分为两种情况：1 1） .一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有want （想要），wouldlike（想要）， decide （决定），ask （问、寻求），learn （学习），tell （告诉），teach （教、讲授）， hope （希望），plan （计划），refuse （拒绝），expect （期待、期望），afford （负担得起）， warn （警告）,invite （邀请）等。She pretended not

6、to see me when I passed by.I would like to go swimming this weekend.2 2）. think, find, feel, make, believe 等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此 句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。I feel it our duty to protect the environment.We think it important to obey the law.I find it impossible to finish so much homework

7、 in a day.3 .作表语动词不定式做表语,一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish, idea, works task, job, aim 等词。如：My work is to dean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。He seemed to have heard nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。4 .作宾语补足语（1）后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有advise ,allow ,ask beg, cause （促使）,expect,encourage force , forbid get, help ,invite ,o

8、rder; promise , permit, persuade request, require, remind, tell, teach wish, want, warn .She asked me to stay there.她叫我呆在这儿。Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.请允许我介绍 Mr. White 给你们。（2）后接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：一感（feel）；二听（hear, listen to）； 三使（make* let* have）；四看（see, watch, notice look at）但要注意的

9、是：在被动语态结构中，应还原动词不定式符号t。I often hear them sing this song.Did you notice anyone come in ?He is often heard _to sing_the son.He was seen _to enter the room.（被动语态）注意区别 see ,watch, look at,do（表动作全过程）notice, observe, hear, +sb/sth+ doing（表动作正在进行）listen to, feeldone（表被动）（被动语态）.作定语(常常表示将来的动作)(1)不定式做定语时常放在被修

10、饰的名词或代词之后She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends.Ladies and gentlemen ,1 have something important to tell you .(2)当名词被the first ,the last, the only等词以及形容词最高级修饰时常用不定式作定 语。 She is always the first to come and the last to leave.She is the best woman to do the job.(3)也可用在have. to do和there

11、 be句型中。There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.(4)如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面需适当的介词Please pass me some paper to write on.She has a nice pen to write with.He bought a flat for the family to live in.5 .作状语动词不定式做状语时可以表示目的、结果或原因等。(1)表示目的： to /in order to /so as toHe got up early to catch the

12、first bus.Tb get/ In order to get a good seat, she arrived early.She arrived early so as to get a good seat.注：so as to do结构不能放于句首(2)表示原因：不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语，sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed 等。Im glad/pleased to see you. We were

13、 surprised to hear the news.(3)表结果：不定式可以用来做结果状语，常用enough to, so +形容词/副词+ as to, suchas to, too.to （太而不能（否定含义），only to结构中不定式作结果状语，其 中only to用于表示意想不到的结果。He was so foolish as to believe it.=He was such a fool as to believe it.=He was foolish enough to believe it.Im too tired to walk any further tonight

14、.We hurried to the station only to find the train had left.注： He came late twice a week, making his boss angry.（现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果）.作独立成分，用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释，如to be frank/honest（坦白地说），to be sure（确实），to make the matter worse（更糟糕的是）,to begin with（首先）等。To tell you the truth, I hate you. To be honest, I dont agree with you.三.其他用法：不定式与疑问词who, which, what, how, when, where等连用，在 句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语或宾语等。1 .How to solve the problem is very important.2 .They told me what to do next.3 .My question is when to start.