北京市十一学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）.docx

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1、北京十一学校2022-2023学年高一第2学段教与学质量诊断英语试卷一、根据中文和首字母提示填写单词，无需变形，请在答题卡上写全单词。（每小题1分， 共10分）To our surprise, her words had a magical e（影响）on us.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）【答案】effect#ffect【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：令我们惊讶的是，她的话对我们有神奇的效果。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处 为名词effect “影响”，构成动词短语have an effect on sb “对产生影响”，满足句意要求。故填effect。1. His work has been c

2、riticized for being imitative and s（肤浅）.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）【答案】shallow【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的作品被批评为抄袭且肤浅。根据汉语提示，“肤浅的”为形容词 shallow,此处与imitative表并列，位于being后作表语。故填shallow。2. Everything you do or say is a refleclion of your p（性格，个性）.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）【答案】personal ity#ersonality【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：你的一言一行都反映了你的个性。根据首字母和汉语提示

3、可知，名词 personality符合题意,作宾语，此处为抽象概念,不可数。故镇personality。3. The advertisements arc intended to improve the companys i（形象）.（根据中英文提示单词拼写） 【答案】image#mage【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这些广告旨在提升公司形象。分析句意，中文含义和首字母可知，此处使用 名词image表示“形象”，作宾语，且此处公司的形象指一个，应为单数。故填image。4. Last year I was chosen to r（代表）the company at the conferenc

4、e.（根据中英文提示单词拼写）【答案】represent#epresent【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：去年我被选为公司代表参加会议。be chosen to do意为“被选中去做某事”， 为固定搭配，此处用tod。不定式作主语补足语。根据首字母r可知，表示“代表”应用动词represent。 故填 represent o5. We need male subjects between the ages of 18 and 25 for the e（实验）.（根据中英文提示单词拼写） 【答案】expeiiment#xperiment【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：我们需要18到25岁的男性受

5、试者来做实验。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为 单数名词experiment “实验”，满足句意要求。故填experiment。为她的孩子们寻找一张理想的卡片。故选C。【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这 个假期里，他们的心里都会有一个空的地方。A. attractive吸引人的；B. special特别的；C. traditional传 统的：D. brilliant 聪颖的。根据下文as she knew they would have an empty place in their heart this holiday se

6、ason”可知，她需要一张卡片，给他们每个人都送去一些特别的东西，因为她知道在这个假期里，他们 的心里都会有一个空的地方。故选B。【49题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的卡片。A. sad伤心的；B. right正确的：C. amazing 令人惊讶的；D. strange 奇怪的。根据下文“The words expressed the feelings she wished to share ” 和下文because my husband died and this is the wrong card v可知，她觉得她找到了一个能表达正确感觉的 卡片。故选B。【

7、50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：泪水开始从她的脸颊上流下来。A. Lights灯；B. Sweats汗水；C. Tears眼泪； D. Smiles微笑。根据下文“Thank you for listening to me cry on ”可知，Amy的泪水开始从她的脸颊上流 下来。故选C。51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我能为你做点什么吗？ ” 一个温柔的声音问道。A. firm坚定的；B. proud 骄傲的;C. cold冷的;D. gentle温柔的。根据上文wIs there something I can do for you”可知，那个女士 的声音很温柔。故选D。52

8、题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她转过身来面对个陌生人，一个女人，正带着疑问和关切地看着她。A. concern 关心；B. shock 震惊；C. regret 后悔；D. surprise 惊讶。根据上文 “Is there something I can do for you”可知，那位女士很关心作者的妹妹。故选A。【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她伸出手，把我妹妹抱在怀里，默默地允许她在自己的怀抱中哭泣。A. reached 伸，伸手；B. caught 抓住；C. sent 发送；D. threw 扔。根据下文pulled my sister into her arms” 可知

9、，她伸出手，把作者的妹妹抱在怀里。故选A。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:她静静地抱着我妹妹，直到她恢复平静。A. confidence自信；B. courage勇 气；C. happiness快乐；D. calmness平静。根据下文“when all was better”可知，她静静地抱着作者的妹 妹，直到她恢复平静。故选D。55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在她讲述这件事的时候，我为自己没有在场而感到内疚。A. shocked震惊 的;B.shy害羞的；C.guilly内疚的;D. hopeless绝望的。根据第10空前的“My guilt”可知,作者因为 自己没在场而内疚。

10、故选C。【56题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的内疚感立刻消失了。A. struck B.retumed回来;C. sank下沉;D. disappeared 消失。根据下文 “My sister required an Angel, and I think dial is exactly what she got” 可知，作 者的内疚感立刻消失了。故选D。六、阅读理解(每小题2分，共22分)阅读所给文章，根据文章内容从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ARunning to the LibraryThere are literally thousands of books

11、about running, each with their unique stories and angles. Here are four that might interest you.Advanced Marathonin2nd Editionby Pete Pfitzinger, Scott Douglas($38.13)Shave minutes off your time using the latest in science-based training for serious runners. Advanced Marathoning has all the informat

12、ion you need to train smarter and arrive on the start line ready to run the marathon of your life.Including marathon-pace runs and tempo runs, Advanced Marathoning provides only the most effective methods of training. Youll learn how to improve your running workouts with strength, core, flexibility,

13、 and form training.Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscollby Jean Driscoll(S 10.99)Jean Driscoll was named 25 th of the top 100 women athletes in the century by Sports Illustrated for Women. Born with spina bifida (脊柱裂),Jean was never supposed to walk. But because of her intense de

14、termination, she no( only learned to walk but to fly-in a wheelchair across (he finish line.In her autobiography, Jean chronicles(按事件发生顺序记载)her flight from physical paralysis to true spiritual freedom. She shows us what perseverance can achieve.9 Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspirationby

15、Raymond Britt($l9.99)Boston Marathon Portraits features dramatic images of an exceptional race: the Boston Marathon. On race day, Boston comes alive with anticipation, excitement and determination. This book presents these emotions and the action of the Boston Marathon, focusing on striking scenes a

16、nd photos of runners before the race, at the starting line, Ihe finish line and when the celebration of finishing begins. Women Runnersby Irene Reti, Bettianne Shoney Sien($ 11.18)This anthology(选集)of literary fiction, poems, and essays by women runners captures the essence of running, and the many

17、hopes and dreams of women.57. Which book would be your best choice if you were looking for tips on marathon training?A. Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean DriscollBoston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of InspirationB. Advanced Marathoning2nd EditionWomen Runners58. Which category does De

18、termined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll fall into?A. Science fiction.B. Biography.C. Self-help book.D. Historical fiction.59. What is Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration about?A. Development of marathon.B. Effective training methods.C. Essays written by runners.D. Amaz

19、ing photos of runners.【答案】57. C 58. B 59. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本关于跑步的书。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据 Advanced Marathoning2nd Edition 中的 u Including marathon-pace runs and tempo runs, Advanced Marathoning provides only the most effective methods of training. YouHI learn how to improve your running workouts with

20、 strength, core, flexibility, and form training.（包括马拉松配速跑和节拍跑，高级马 拉松只提供最有效的训练方法。你将学习如何提高你的跑步训练与力量，核心，灵活性和形式训练）”可 知，要寻找马拉松训练的技巧，应选择Advanced Marathoning - 2nd Edition（故选Co【58题详解】细节理解题。根据 Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll 部分中 “ In her autobiography, Jean chronicles（按事件发生顺序记载）her

21、 flight from physical paralysis to true spirilual freedom.（在她的自传 中，简记录了她从身体瘫痪到真正精神自由的历程）”可知，Determined to Win: The Overcoming Spirit of Jean Driscoll属于传记。故选Bo【59题详解】细节理解题。根据 Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration 中的 “This book presents these emotions and the action of the Boston Marathon

22、, focusing on striking scenes and photos of runners before the race, at the starting line, the finish line and when the celebration of finishing begins.（这本书呈现了这些情感和波士顿马拉 松的行动，专注于比赛前、起跑线、终点线和终点庆祝开始时的惊人场景和照片）”可知，Boston Marathon Portraits: Pictures of Inspiration是关于跑步者的惊人照片的。故选D。BAs technology is devel

23、oping rapidly, wc can actually build VR headsets that meet high requirements. The interest in VR rises, so does the interest in creating new media to be experienced in using VR. Journalism is a medium built on relevance. Journalists arc always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is

24、 a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story to someone than to put them right in the center of it?People are already making use of VR in news. Creative director Spike Jonze and visual artist Chris Milk put viewers at the scene of the Millions March protest in New York in December,

25、 2014. The University of Southern California created “Project Syria,“ which allows viewers to experience the bombing of a crowded neighborhood and visit a refugee camp in the war-tom country. These are just a few examples of a growing number of projects that are out there.VR is a powerful tool fbr j

26、ournalists. The consumer isnt just reading or watching something play out; theyre experiencing it. The immersive（沉浸式的）nature of VR allows people to connect with the subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our inslinci（本能）（han ou

27、r intellect（智力）.There are a wide range of possibilities for stoiy tel ling here, and any storyteller wanting to do something more interesting than their peers should surely be considering the sheer power of VR.The question ofVR. though, is not how powerful it is. That is obvious. The question of VR

28、is one of viability（口J 行性）and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. 1 f the tools to tell a story with VR arent easy to pick up and learn, VR will fail. If VR technology isnt both top-of-t

29、he-line and affordable, VR will fail.“I think that current VR technology is pretty exclusive right now, but ils very promising that it will not be a problem in the long run,“ said Thomas Hallaq, assistant professor of journalism and mass communications. uWere seeing more technology become accessible

30、, and more people having access to that technology. Just look at smartphones.MIf the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of stoiytclling. Like radio, TV and the Internet be

31、fore it, VR will change （he way we tell stories.60. Why is VR considered a powerful tool fbr journalism?A. Because it is a medium built on relevance.B. Because it is very popular and interesting.C. Because it allows people to experience the news personally.D. Because it is an exclusively new tool in

32、 telling news stories.61. According to the passage, what is the biggest challenge VR is facing?A. Whether it is easily accessible to people.B. How powerful and interesting it can be.C. Whether qualified VR headsets can be built.D. What new ways people will find to report news.62. Whals the authors a

33、ttitude towards the future of VR technology?A. Neutral.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Concerned.63. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. The Challenges of Virtual RealityThe Wide Popularity of Virtual RealityB. The Future of StorytellingVirtual RealityThe Development of Virtual Re

34、ality in the Future【答案】60. C 61. A 62. B 63. C【解析】【导语】这是篇说明文。主要介绍了虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。 【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中VR is a powerful tool fbr journalists. The consumer isnt just reading or watching something play out; theyre experiencing it. The immersive nature of VR allows people to connect with th

35、e subject matter on a much deeper level than just reading about it. The experience is emotional, speaking more to our instinct than our intellect.M （于记者来说，虚拟现实是一个强大的工具。消费者不只是阅读或观看某些 内容;他们正在经历。虚拟现实的沉浸性让人们能够在更深层的层面上与主题联系起来，而不仅仅是阅 读。这种体验是情绪化的，更多的是我们的本能，而不是我们的智力。）可知，虚拟现实被认为是新闻的 强大工具是因为它能让人们亲身体验新闻。故选C项。6

36、1题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 “The question of VR is one of viability and availability. Telling stories must be easy to do, and access to those stories must be readily available. This is the biggest challenge that VR faces. ” （虚拟现实是一个可行性和可用性的问题。讲故事必须容易做到，而且必须能够随时接触到这些故事。这是VR面临的最大挑战。）可知，根据文章，虚拟现实面临的最大挑战它是否容易为人们所

37、接触到。故 选A项。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据最后段“If the technology is widely available and companies like Oculus, Samsung, HTC and Valve can overcome the inherent difficulties, VR will succeed in being a desirable means of stoiytelling. Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we lell stories.w

38、 （如果这项技术被广泛应用， Oculus、三星（Samsung）、HTC和Valve等公司能够克服固有的困难，VR将成功成为讲故事的理想手段。 就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方式。）故可推知，作者对VR技术 的未来持积极乐观的态度。故选B项。【63题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Journalists arc always finding new means to tell stories and report news. It is a goldmine for storytelling. What better ways to tell a story t

39、o someone than to put them right in the center of it? ” （记者总是在寻找讲述故事和报道新闻的新方法。这是一个讲故事的金矿。还有什么比把他们放在故事 的中心更好的方式来讲述一个故事呢？）以及最后一段中“Like radio, TV and the Internet before it, VR will change the way we tell stories.（就像之前的广播、电视和互联网一样，虚拟现实将改变我们讲故事的方 式。）可知，文章主要讲的是虚拟现实技术在报道新闻故事方面的作用以及它的未来发展前景。故文章最 好的标题是“讲故事的

40、未来一一虚拟现实”。故选C项。CCan artificial intelligence uncover a liar? It sounds like science fiction, but such an AI system is possible. The question is: How accurate can it be? Rada Mihalcca, a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Michigan, has worked on deception（欺骗）detection f

41、br about a decade. This is how they constructed one AI deception detector, and how it works.The first thing that researchers working on artificial intelligence and machine learning need is data. In the case of the work that Mihalcca did, they began with videos from actual court cases. For example, a

42、 defendant speaking in a trial in which they were found guilty could provide an example of deceit（欺骗）;they also used testimony（证 伺）from witnesses as either example of truthful or deceitful statements. Altogether, they used 121 video clips and the corresponding transcripts of what they saidabout half

43、 represented deceptive statements, and half truthful. It was this data that they used to build machine learning classifiers that ultimately had between a 60 to 75 percent accuracy rate.One thing the system noticed is the use of pronouns-people who are lying would tend to less often use the word T or

44、 we Mihalcea explains. Instead, people who are lying would more often use you, yours, he, they,and she. Thals not the only linguistic signal: someone telling a lie would use “stronger words that reflect certainty,“ she says. Examples of those types of words arc “absolutely, and very,“ while interest

45、ingly, people telling the truth were more likely to use words such as “maybe or “probably.” “I think people who are deceptive would try to make up fbr the lie they arc putting fbrward,“ she says, “and so they try to seem more certain of themselves. As fbr gestures, she points out that someone being

46、deceitful would more likely look directly into the eyes of the person questioning them. They also tended to use both hands when gesturing. Instead of just onealso, she suspects, as part of try ing to be convincing.However, Mihalccas work is ufar from perfection,“ she concedes. vlAs a researcher, wc

47、arc content that wc were able to get to 75 percent accuracy. But looked at another way, thats an error rate of one in four. Ultimately, she sees technology like this as being assistive for peopleit could, for example, indicate that it noticed something “unusual” in a speakers statement, and then per

48、haps have a person “investigate more.Why did the researchers gather testimony from the court?A. To test the accuracy of AI deception detector.B. To provide data base fbr machine learning.C. To help the judges find the guilty people.D. To understand how deception works.64. According to Professor Miha

49、lcea, which is a symbol of deception?A. Avoiding direct eye contact.B. Using first-person pronouns.C Gesturing with only one hand.D. Trying to be sure of themselves.65. What does Professor Mihalcea think of the new technology?A. Flawed but promising.B. Unsatisfying but helpful.C. Accurate and meaningful.D. Imperfect and impractical.66.