高三英语语法复习二：主谓一致.docx

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1、语法复习二、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。 寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。(-)语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单 数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for u

2、s all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意:由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 whal从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2、由连接词and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的

3、谓语动词。如： Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意: 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 如：The writer and artist has come.; /由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an), many a

4、(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有* with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为 复数，谓语用复数形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife a

5、nd children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4either, neither, each, every或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词， 都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.注意 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主

6、语时，其谓语 动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 若none of后面的名词是不可数 名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 如：None of us has (have) been to America.5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词 的数一致。如：He is one of my friends who are workhig hard. / He is the only one of my friends w

7、ho is working hard.6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动 词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意:people, police, cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police are looking for the lost child.7、由“a

8、lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数 或百分数十名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.注意:a number of “许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of ”的数量”，

9、 主语是number,谓语用单数。8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.（二）逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时 主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如： Which is your bag? / Which a

10、re your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式， 这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3、若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数 形式。如：The Arabian Nightss an interesting story-book.4、表数量的短语“one and a half后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形

11、式（也 可用复数。如：One and a half apples is （are） left on the table.5、算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6、一些学科名词是以-ic.s 结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及 news, works 等， 都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 如：The paper works was b

12、uilt in 1990. /1 think physics isn 7 easy to study.7a trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes,等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a （the） pair of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8、“定冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，动词用复数。（三）就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1、当两个主语由 either . or,

13、 neither . nor, whether . or not only . but also 连接时，谓 语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则 应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the

14、 room.注意Here引导的句子用法同上。练习：主谓一致1.1, who your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.C.areC.hasD.beD.haveA.amB.isThe rich not always happy.A. areB.isNeither Tom nor Jack and I his students.A. areB.amC.isD.wasMary as well as her sisters Chinese in China.A. are studyingB. have studied C.

15、studiesD. studyNeither my father nor I at home.A.amB.isC.areD.beNot only my brother but also I good at painting. Both of us good painters.,A.are;areB.am;amC.ani;areD.is;isEvery boy and every girl to attend the evening party.A.wishB.wishesC.is likeD.likeOver 8() percent of the population of China pea

16、sants.A.wasB.isC. would be D.areThe population of China larger than that of .any other country in the world.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveEvery means tried but without any result.A. have beenB.is to beC.are to beD. has beenAlice, together with two boys,for having broken the rule.A. was punished B. punishedC.

17、were punished D. being punishedThe League secretary and the monitor asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.A.isB.wasC.areD.is beingThe great writer and professor.B. are both old menD. were two ChineseA. is an old manC. is an old man and a young manThere a pen, two pencils and three books on the

18、 desk.A. areB.isC.hasD.haveA large number of students in our class girls.A. areB. wasC. isD. be16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild rosesA. docsnt changeB.dont changeC.changc17. The Arabian Nightswell known to the English.A. isB. areC. was18. Chairman Maos workspublished.A. has beenB.have

19、 beenC.was19. A chemical worksbuilt there._ much if people leave things as they are. D.changedD. wereD.isA. is to beingB.have beenC. were toD.has been20 . The Olympic Gamesheld everyyears.A.is;fourB.are;fburC.is;fiveD.are;five21 .The United States of Americaone of the most developed countries in the

20、 world.A.isB.areC.wasD.were22 .He is the only one of die students who elected.A. areB.haveC.hasD.is.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that asked.A.haveB.hasC. have been D.has been24.Many a man come to help us.A. haveB.hasC.isD.are25 .All present and all going on well, our monitor said.A

21、.is;isB.are;arcC.are;isD.is;are. The police the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching.Your trousers dirty.You must have washed.A.is;ilB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them.This pair of trouseis too long for him.

22、A.isB.beC.areD.were. One and a half bananas left on the table.A.isB.areC.hasD.have3(). Eight times eight sixty - four.A.isB.areC.getD.equal31 .Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.A.seemsB.seemC.seemedD.seemes32. of the moneynm out.A. Three-fifth; hasB. Three-fifth; has beenC. Th

23、ree-fifths; hasD. Three-fifths; haveThe whole class the teacher attentively.A. are listening toB. is listening toC.are listeningD. is listeninghave finished a large part of the book, the rest of which more difficult.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereBetween the two rows of trees the teaching building.A.standB.sta

24、ndsC. standingD.areLarge quantities of water for irrigation.A. is neededB. has -needed C. are neededD. needThat they were wrong in these matters now clear to us all.A. isB.wasC.areD.allWhat we need good textbooks.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasWhat you said just now the matter we are discussing.A.have somethin

25、g to atB. has something to do withC.had something to do withD.has been something to do withMore than one member against the plan.A. isB.areC.hasD.haveWhen and where to build the new factory yet.A. has not decidedB. is not decidedC. are not decidedD. have not decidedHalf of the fruit bad.A. areB. has

26、C. isD. have43.either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is44. Mathematics _A. arethe language of science.B. are going to beC. isD. is to be45. My familyA. is_ small.B. wereC. areD. makes46. The following.A. aresome other examples.B. isC. wasD. were47. They both have some

27、 friends; but his more active.A. isB. will beC. wasD. are48. Both rice and wheatgrown in that country.A. isB. areC. wasD. has49. Early to bed and early to rise_ a good habit.A. areB. isC. wereD. wasTo play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training.A. wasB. isC. areD. wereEither he

28、or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.A. isB. amC. areD. beeither he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.A. isB. amC. areD. be53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories,to be built here.A. areB. wereC. isD. will54. She as well as her brother 一a League member.A. areB.

29、wereC. willD. isHis family a big one. Now the family watching TV.A. is, areB. are, isC. is, isD. are, are56. It is I who_ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.A. isB. amC. areD. be57. More than 60% of the students _ the counlryside.A. is58. Many a man _B. arethe novel.C. is fromD. are fromA. has rea

30、d B. have read C. is readD. are readTom is the only one of the students who going to swim this afternoon.A. isB. wasC. areD. wereHere a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.A. areB. isC. wasD. were参考答案语法复习二：主谓一致J5AAACA 610CBDAD 11-15 ACABA 1620AABDB 2N25 ADCBC 2630BCAAA 3135ACAAB 36-40 CABBA 41 45BCCCA 46-50 ADBBC 51 55 BACDA 5660 BDAAB