重庆市第一中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期12月月考英语含答案.docx

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1、20222023学年重庆一中高二上学期学情调研英赭试题注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名.准考证号码填写在答题卡上。2 .作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3 .考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分,满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANow, a new study has uncovered a simple physical rule that governs ant rafts （蚂蚁筏）：shrink and expand. The discov

2、ery could one day lead to the design of robots that work in groups.Individually, ants are not as smart as people think, but collectively, they can form very smart and flexible organizations. For example, after storms in the southeastern United States, fire ants form giant floating rafts to survive r

3、ough waters.Researchers used mathematical models to work out the mechanics behind these floating rafts. They found that the faster the ants on a raft moved, the more the raft expanded outwards, often forming long stretches. This behavior is automatic in nature and does not require any central decisi

4、on making.The researchers also conducted experiments to uncover the secrets of the ant raft. They put thousands of fire ants in a bucket of water with a plastic stick in the middle, and they waited.What they eventually saw was that rafts started to form, and instead of these structures staying the s

5、ame shape over time, they kept shrinking and expanding until they formed dense colonies. Sometimes the ants spread out like pancake batter （面糊）on a frying pan, and sometimes they shrank to form bridges. Each ant raft was made up of two layers. At the bottom, structural ants stuck together to form a

6、base. Above them was a second layer of ants, which were free to walk on top of other ants. Over a period of time, ants climbed from the bottom to the top.When they let the game play out, researchers found simulated （模拟的）ant rafts behaved like they were in the real world. The more the ants walked, th

7、e more likely they were to form long stretches stretching out from the raft, like people gathering for the exit in a crowded stadium.Research on fire ants will hopefully help understand how simple rules can be written to instruct robot show参考答案1. A 2. D 3. C这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍科学家们运用物理规则研究蚂蚁筏，从而发现这对于机器人

8、的设计也 会起到重要作用。1 .细节理解题。根据文章第四段第二句话“They found that the faster the ants on a raft moved, the more the raft expanded outwards, often forming long stretches.（他们发现，木筏上的蚂蚁移动地越快，木筏就越向外扩展， 通常形成长长的延伸。）”可知，木筏上蚂蚁的移动速度会影响木筏的变化。因此，在蚂蚁筏的大小中，蚂 蚁的速度起着重要的作用。故选A项。2 .主旨大意题。根据文章第五段第一句话“What they eventually saw was that

9、 rafts started to form, and instead of these structures staying the same shape over time, they kept shrinking and expanding until they formed dense colonies.（他们最终看到的是木筏开始形成，随着时间的推移，这些结构没有保持相同的形状，而是不断 缩小和膨胀，直到他们形成密集的殖民地。）”可知，本段主要介绍的是蚂蚁筏的形成过程。故选D项。3 .推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话“Now, a new study has uncovered a

10、simple physical rule that governs ant rafts （蚂蚁筏）：shrink and expand. The discovery could one day lead to the design of robots that work in groups.（现在，一项新的研究发现了一个简单的物理规则，它控制着蚂蚁筏：收缩和膨胀。这一发现有朝 一日可能会导致机器人的设计成组工作。）”可知，文章主要介绍了运用物理规则研究蚂蚁筏，从而发现对 于机器人的设计也会起到重要作用。结合选项，文章应出自“技术”栏目。故选C项。4 . D 5. C 6. B 7. A这是一篇

11、记叙文。主要讲述了教育家和民权活动人士玛丽麦克劳德白求恩很快将创造历史，成为第一个 在美国国会大厦的雕像大厅中拥有雕像的黑人。5 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Bethune, the daughter of formerly enslaved people, was an influential educator and activist who founded the National Council of Negro Women, advised multiple U. S. presidents and created a boarding school for black childre

12、n that would later become Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach.” （白 求恩，曾经是奴隶的女儿，是一位有影响力的教育家和活动家，她成立了全国黑人妇女理事会，为多位美 国总统提供建议，并为黑人儿童创办了一所寄宿学校，即后来在代托纳比奇的白求恩-库克曼大学。）推知， 给Bethune设立雕像是因为她是一位杰出的黑人教育家和活动家。故选D项。6 .主旨大意题。根据第三段“The 11-foot statue weighs more than 6,000 lbs.It was created by artist Niida

13、Comas, who was chosen from a field of 1,600 applicants and is the first Hispanic master sculptor to create a statue for the National Statuary Hall State Collection. Before she started sculpting, Comas conducted a four-year thorough research, which she called “a beautiful journey.（这座 11 英尺高的雕像重逾 6000

14、 磅，由艺术家 Niida Comas从1600名申请者中挑选出来创作，他是第一位为国家雕像馆国家收藏中心创作雕像的西班牙裔雕 刻大师。在开始雕刻之前，科玛斯进行了为期四年的彻底研究，她称这是一次“美丽的旅程”。）以及第四段 “The statue features Bethune wearing a cap and long dress and a pearl necklace, holding a black rose in one hand and a walking stick in the other. Shes standing in front of a pile of book

15、s, with a warm smile and what one local reporter described as eyes that register wisdom kindness.（白求恩戴着帽子，穿着长裙，戴着珍珠项链，一 只手拿着一朵黑玫瑰，另一只手拿着一根手杖。她站在一堆书前，带着温暖的微笑，用一位当地记者的话 说，她的眼睛“流露出智慧和善良工）可知，这两段主要讲了雕像的创作。故选C项。7 .词句猜测题。根据第六段The black rose represents Bethunes work in education, as well as her belief that

16、loving thy neighbor required interracial, inter-religious and international brotherhood, according to a nonprofit organization.（据一家非盈利组织称，黑玫瑰代表白求恩在教育方面的工作，以及她认为“爱你的邻居”需要 跨种族、跨宗教和国际的兄弟情谊。）可知，black rose指的是白求恩在教育方面的奉献和她“博爱”的信仰。 故选B项。8 .推理判断题。根据第二段“Bethune, the daughter of formerly enslaved people, was

17、an influential educator and activist who founded the National Council of Negro Women, advised multiple U. S. presidents and created a boarding school for black children that would later become Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach.”（白 求恩，曾经是奴隶的女儿，是一位有影响力的教育家和活动家，她成立了全国黑人妇女理事会，为多位美 国总统提供建议，并为黑人

18、儿童创办了一所寄宿学校，即后来在代托纳比奇的白求恩-库克曼大学。）可知， 她的一生都在致力于对儿童和妇女运动的贡献。结合选项A“人类灵魂的塑造者”符合题意。BCD都与文章 实意不符。故选A项。9 . A 9. D 10. B 11. C本文是说明文，描述了第一个在太空种植的辣椒。8 .词义猜测题。根据第二段“The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.（今年7月，宇航员们在空间站开始

19、了植物实验,终于有机会品尝辣椒。） 前一句说宇航员最终能够品尝辣椒，后文initially表示“最初”，可知，宇航员最初开始植物实验，才能在 最后收获辣椒，所以kickoff的意思是“开始”，故选A项。9 .细节理解题。根据第三段“Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants.（植物栖息地 04

20、是轨道实验室迄今为止最复杂的植物实验之一，因为辣椒的生长时间比之前的实验植物长得多。厂可知， 植物栖息地04最复杂的原因在于其所需要的生长时间。故选D项。10 .细节理解题。根据第五段“A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell, so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite. Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts

21、 to liven up their regular meals.（零重力生活的一个副作用是，宇航员经常会失去一些味觉和嗅觉， 所以辛辣或调味好的食物是他们的最爱。在菜单中加入新鲜的绿色蔬菜或辣椒可以让宇航员的日常饮食更 有活力。户可知，在宇航员的食谱中加入辣椒是为了让他们恢复食欲。故选B项。11 .主旨大意题。根据第二段“ The International Space Station hosted a party fbr astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first Chili （辣椒）grown in s

22、pace.（周五，国际空间站为宇航员举办了一个派对,庆 祝第一批太空辣椒的收获。y可知，辣椒首次在太空被成功种植。后文紧接着说明太空辣椒的必要性，所 以全文都在说太空的首次辣椒种植。故选c项。12 . B 13. D 14. B 15. C本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了太多的小孩子超重的问题，并解释相关的原因。12 .细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games. Not only is this an unhea

23、lthy pastime （消遣）,it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.（当他们回到家，他们坐在电视机前或电脑前玩电脑游戏。这不仅是一种不健康的消遣，也 给了他们时间吃更多不健康的食物户可知，经常看电视的孩子可能会吃更多不健康的食物。故选B。13 .细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream,

24、at low prices.（一些人指责我们周围的商店出售不健康的，高脂 肪的食品，如廉价的炸鸡和冰淇淋）”可知，作者认为孩子们越来越胖是因为周围有太多的快餐店。故选Do 14.词句猜测题。根据最后一段可知，为了解决孩子太胖的问题，需要让孩子们远离快餐店和不良饮食习 惯。B和C两个选项在意思和语法上都是对的，但是对待孩子应该引导，而不是驱赶，所以B选项更好。故选Bo.主旨大意题。文章分析了几个使孩子变胖的因素并提出了如何控制孩子变胖的建议，目的是建议让孩 子让孩子们远离快餐店和不良饮食习惯。故选C。15 . G 17. E 18. F 19. A 20. D本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了运动

25、后降温的重要性和方法。16. 根据前文“We are taught from childhood that warming up is a must in preparation for any exercise. It allows us to prepare our muscles for the strain （拉力） we are about to place on them and prevent injury.（我们从小就被 教导说，在做任何运动前热身都是必须的。它可以让我们的肌肉为即将发生的紧张做好准备，防止受伤。r 和后句“These all prepare for an ef

26、fective workout.（这些都是为有效的锻炼做准备。）”可知，这里应该继续介 绍热身的好处。所以选择项 G“More importantly, it steadily increases the heart rate and blood flow.（更重要的是, 它能稳步增加心率和血液流量。厂符合上下文语境。故选G。17. 根据上文运动前热身的好处和后句“It prevents dizziness, helps return the heart rate back to normal and prevents chronic venous insufficiency （CVI）.（它

27、可以防止头晕，帮助心率恢复正常，防止慢性静脉功能不 全（CVI）。）“可知I,不但要热身，也要降温。所以选择项EBut cooling down is as important as warming up.（但 是降温和热身同样重要。户符合上下文语境。此句为承上启下句。故选E。18. 根据前句“According to many health and fitness instructors, the total cool-down period should last 3 to 10 minutes, or until you are ready to stop.（根据许多健康和健身教练的说法

28、，总的冷却时间应该持续3到10分钟， 或者直到你准备好停止了。）”和后句For example, if you have been working your legs, you will need to do lower body stretches or a slow walk.（例如，如果你一直在锻炼你的腿，你将需要做下半身伸展运动或慢走。广 可知，不同部位的冷却时间取决于你训练的身体部位。所以选择项FAreas to target depend on which part of the body you have trained.（目标部位取决于你训练的身体部位。广符合上下文语境。故选F

29、。19. 根据前句“There is no research to prove stretching after a session will help reduce pain, but if you feel it helps, do so.（没有研究证明在一个疗程后做伸展运动有助于减轻疼痛，但如果你觉得有帮助，那就做吧。厂可知， 根据个人喜好，觉得怎么可以减轻疼痛就怎么做。所以选择项A“It is down to personal preference.（这取决于 个人喜好。广符合上下文语境。故选A。20. 根据前句“Cooling down methods, including foam

30、 rollers, a sports massage or dry needling, are worthinvestigating.（降温方法，包括泡沫剂，运动按摩或干针刺，都值得研究。）”和后句“If the pain is there the next day, consult your doctor, and, more importantly, warm up more thoroughly next time.（如果第二天还感至lj疼痛， 请咨询你的医生，更重要的是，下次耍做更彻底的热身。）“可知，本段介绍降温的方法，但伸展时有疼痛 就要停止。所以选择项D“If you exper

31、ience any pain when stretching, stop.（如果你在伸展时感到疼痛，停止 符合上下文语境。故选D。21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. A 32. B 33.A 34. C 35. D这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了面对生活中的鸡毛蒜皮，如何通过更好地问问题进行关心你爱的人。21 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有这么多时间和我的宝贝们呆在一起，我感到很害怕。A. relaxed感到 放松的；B. scared害怕的；C. excited激动的；D. surprised感到惊讶的。根

32、据第8空的“I was too tired to”（我 累到不想）可知，独自应对一切是可怕的，故选B项。22 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我的丈夫每晚回来的时候，他会笑着问我，“那么，今天过得怎么样呢？A. called 呼叫；B. awoke 唤醒；C. returned 返回；D. withdrew 撤销。根据前文“Craig leave every morning （Craig每天早上离开）以及本句时间状语“每天晚上”可知，此时丈夫回家了，故选C项。23 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个问题表明了他的一天与我的一天的体验之间的代沟。A. combination 结合；B. gap缺口，代沟

33、；C. wrestle摔跤；D.linked联系。根据语境可知，此处指的是妻子和丈夫度过了 完全不一样的一天，有差别，造成沟通的代沟，故选B项。24 .考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当孩子随意大声尖叫时，我盯着他看。A. stared at盯着；B. broke with 脱离；C. lied to 位于方向；D. drove away 开走。根据后句“Then I looked down at my dirty T-shirt and thetoys littering the floor.（然后我低头看向我肮脏的衬衫和满地的玩具）可知，她的视角发生了变化，由盯着 丈夫看转向看地板，故选A项。

34、25 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天像是度过了一辈子那么长。A. miracle奇迹；B. flash动画，闪现;C. lifetime 一生； D. discovery 发现。根据后句“There were moments when I was so fed up with the mess that I thought I migh俨（有些时候我厌烦了糟心的一切，以致我认为我会爆炸）可知，此处运用了夸张，因为痛苦而觉得 一天无比漫长，故选C项。26 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些时候我厌烦了糟心的一切，以致我认为我会爆炸。A. jump跳跃；B. regret 后悔；C. hesitate

35、 犹豫;D. explode 爆发。根据后句“I was both lonely and7 to be alone.99 （我既感到孤独又很渴望独处）可知，我渴望独处，因为受不了糟心的一切，绝望到爆炸的感觉，故选D项。27 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我既感到孤独又很渴望独处。A. optimistic积极的；B.desperate绝望的； C secure 安全的;D. thankful 感恩的。根据本句“I was both lonely and 7 to be alone.（我既感到 孤独又很 7 独处）可知,此处指两种相反的心境，既孤独又渴望独处，be desperate to do

36、渴望做”， 故选B项。28 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：忙着做家务，我累到不想回答。A. move移动；B.listen听；C.quarrel吵 架；D. answer回答。根据后句“I just said（我只说了）可知，我不想多说，只回答了一句，我不太想回答 他的问题，故选D项。29 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：还好，但是我感觉难过因为爱是关于被看见和被了解。A. love爱；B. respect 尊敬;C. trust 信任;D. help 帮助。根据 12 空“we can ask questions like: When did you feel loved or lonely toda

37、y?9（相反，我们可以问这样的问题像：你今天什么时候感到被爱或者孤独？）可知，此处指的是爱，故选A 项。30 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此我们决定寻求帮助。A. offer主动提供；B. receive收到；C. refuse拒 绝；D. seek寻找。根据后句“We learned from the counselor （咨询师）”（我们从咨询师那里了解到爱是具 体的）可知，我们向咨询师寻求帮助，故选D项。31 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们从咨询师那里了解到爱是具体的，我们不应该问同一个空洞的问题 像“你今天过得怎么样?A. specific具体的；B. precious珍贵的；C.f

38、undamental至关重要的；D. plain普 通的。根据本句“empty”（空洞）可知，此处应选择与之语意相对的词，specific“具体的”符合题意，故选A 项。32 .考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们可以问这样的问题像：你今天什么时候感到被爱或者孤独？。 A. However 然而;B. Instead 反而；C. Consequently 结果;D. Besides 此外。根据前句We learned from the counselor （咨询师）that love is 11 and we shouldnl ask the same empty questions（我们从咨询

39、师 那里了解到爱是具体的，我们不应该问同一个空洞的问题）可知，前句指我们不应该怎么做，本句指我们 应该怎么做，与之相反的动作，故选B项。33 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个关心的问题是解锁你爱的人的心门的钥匙。A. caring关心人的；B. curious 好奇的；C. pointed 指出的；D. direct 直接的。根据前句“When did you feel loved or lonely today?”（你 今天什么时候感到被爱或者孤独？）可知，这样的问题体现了关心，故选A项。34 .考查名词词义辨析。句意:接收者感受到的是问题背后的用意。A. secret秘密;B. respo

40、nse反应;C. thought 想法，用意；D. inspiration灵感。根据前句“Questions are like gifts（问题就像送礼）可知，送礼看的是心 意，问问题也是如此，故选C项。35 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：你对问题的关注越多，你的问题就越美好。A. clue线索；B. explanations 解释；C. support支持；D. attention注意。根据14题可知，心意最重要，心意即是你所投入的关注度和重 视程度，故选D项。36 . it 37. in 38. explanation 39. called 40. a 41. which 42. becaus

41、e 43. quicken 44. to keep 45. have been added这是一篇说明文u文章主要介绍了闰年的来源以及2021年将是几十年来最短的一年，同时解释了原因。37 .考查代词。句意：我们不能停止时间，我们不能控制它，尽管有时，在我们的头脑中，我们认为时间 飞逝。此处指控制“time”，应用代词it。故填it。38 .考查介词。句意：但如果今年的时间特别让人感觉比往年过得更快，那就有科学的解释了。结合句意 表示“特别”可知短语为in particularo故填in。39 .考查名词。句意：但如果今年的时间特别让人感觉比往年过得更快，那就有科学的解释了。根据上文“ther

42、e could be a scientific”可知应填单数名词 explanation,作主语。故填 explanationo40 .考查非谓语动词。句意：他们还计算出，每四年，我们需要一个额外的一天，称为闰年，以保持我们 的日历同步。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语years构成被动关系，故应 用过去分词，作后置定语。故填called。41 .考查冠词。句意：但2021年不是这样的年份，它不像是正常的一年。year为可数名词，此处表泛指 应用不定冠词，且normal是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。42 .考查定语从句。句意：科学家通过计算发现，地球的

43、运动速度是过去50年来最快的，这意味着2021 年将是几十年来最短的一年。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子“the Earth is moving faster than it ever has in the last 50 years,从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 故填which o.考查表语从句。句意：显然，这是因为地球的自转速度比过去几十年都要快，因此白天也变短了。空 处引导表语从句，从句成分完整，缺少原因状语，应用because引导。故填because。43 .考查动词。句意：如果地球自转继续加快，我们可能在某个时候需要负闰秒。结合

44、句意表示“加快”可 知应用动词quicken,且此处为短语continue to do sth.,应填原形。故填quicken。44 .考查非谓语动词。句意：如果发生这种情况，我们的时钟会跳过一秒，以跟上地球的速度。分析句子 结构可知ke叩在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to keep。45 .考查动词时态语态。句意：自1972年以来，我们的时间加快了 27闰秒。根据上文“Since 1972”可知用 现在完成时，主语27 leap seconds与谓语动词add构成被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复 数，助动词用have。故填have been added

45、o. One possible version Dear Mr. Kidd,Im writing to extend my sincere gratitude for all the efforts youve made in preparing and presenting the online course.Your course is highly informative and beneficial. It provides easy access to seeing life from a new perspective, thus broadening our minds to t

46、he outside world. Your humorous teaching style involves us in a relaxing and pleasant atmosphere, which not only stimulates my interest but also builds my confidence.If you can have a more flexible time schedule and provide a video playback, I believe we can benefit more. Looking forward to your nex

47、t course.Yours, Li Hua本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr.Kidd写一封关于课程学习反馈的邮件。46 . “Mom, I wanted to help, too, she sobbed. I sighed and drove back to where we saw tlie man. But what could be found was only the guitar leaning against the wall. After 20 minutes search, outside a KFC, we spotted the man talking to a

48、n old granny with a walking stick. We were so happy that we ran towards him, “ So you are here. Tm looking for you. said Scarlett.Now with tears in his eyes, he said in disbelief, (You want to help me? ” She said, Yes, I want to help you as my elder sister did, but I couldnt find you.” “The old gran

49、ny wanted to buy food in the KFC, but she haddifficulty in walking. So I helped her. he said. Scarlett said , Youre so kind. Here is the money that I want to give you. The man accepted it and said with appreciation, Thank you. Hope you have a good day. Then we waved him goodbye and left for home.本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者带两个女儿准备开车回家时，六岁的女儿琼看到一个无家可归的年轻 人需要帮助，琼用自己的钱帮助了那个无家可归的年轻人，然而小女儿斯佳丽也想帮助他，作者只好再开 车回去寻找那个年轻人。最后母