2022-2023学年天津市耀华中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）.docx

《2022-2023学年天津市耀华中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022-2023学年天津市耀华中学高三上学期第一次月考英语试题（解析版）.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、天津市耀华中学2023届高三年级第一次月考英语学科试卷请同学们将试题答案填涂或填写在答题卡上本试卷分第I卷（选择题），第II卷（非选择题）和第III卷（听力试卷）三部分，共150分，第L II卷考试时间100分钟，听力考试时间为20分钟。答卷前，请务必将自己的姓名、考号、座位号填写在答题卡上和密封线外相应位置。答卷时, 务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。考试结束后，将答题卡和答题纸一并收回。 祝各位同学考试顺利！第I卷（95分）第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分，15分）。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项

2、。1. I have been considering cancelling the project because it seems hard to go farther.But its too early to now. Theres still much hope.A. have second thoughtsB. throw in the towelC. test the watersD. make ends meet【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查习语。句意：我一直在考虑取消这个项目，因为似乎很难再继续下去了。一但现在认 输还为时过早。还有很多希望。A. have second tho

3、ughts 三思；B. throw in the towel 认输；C. test the waters 试水;D. make ends meet收支相抵。根据“Theres still much hope.”可知,现在就认输（放弃）为时过早。 故选B。2. Many enterprising young people present their ideas getting investment and advice to start their ownbusiness.A. at the cost ofB. by means ofC. as a result ofD. in the hope

4、 of【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查介词短语辨析句意：许多有进取心的年轻人提出了自己的想法，希望得到投资和开始自己 事业的建议。A. at the cost of 以为代价；B. by means of 用：C. as a result of 由于；D. in （he hope of 怀着的希望。根据句意可知，年轻人提出自己的想法是希望得到投资和建议，故in ihe hope of符合题意。第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题：每小题2.5分，满分50分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABehavior Under Risk: How Animals Avoid

5、Becoming DinnerBy: Renee L. Rosier & Tracy Langkilde 2021 Nature EducationMost animals face the risk of being eaten. To avoid becoming someones dinner, an organism must be able to identify predatory threats and employ effective strategics to avoid detection by predators. In the event that avoidance

6、fails, animals can use strategies that will increase their chances of surviving attack if they do encounter predators.Detecting predators （捕食者）:a. Visual Many animals respond to general visual cues（提示）such as the presence of a new object or sudden movement. Other visual cues, including an animals si

7、ze and behavior, can provide specific information about the identity and intention of a potential predator. For example, prey may be able to visually identify a predator based on its shape, size, and color, and can use the predators behavior to determine the immediate threat that it poses.b. Auditor

8、yAuditoiy cues can provide reliable, direct information about a predators presence, identity. These cues arc especially helpful for nocturnal （夜间活动的）prey species or animals that avoid predators that frequently use sound to hunt or communicale. For example, loadfish recognize sound of dolphins when t

9、hey are looking for food, one of their main predators, and reduce their activity levels in response.c. Chemical - Chemical cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through smelling or tasting, providing a reliable indication of a predators presence even

10、 if it is visually undetectable. Some species arc even able to determine how old a predator scent is, and will avoid only fresh scent cues as they indicate a predators recent presence. Animals can also use changes in the concentration or age of a scent to determine which direction a predator was tra

11、veling, in order to better avoid it.d. Vibration （震动）一 Vibration cues can provide useful information about a predators presence, and can be difficult for predators to hide. Many animals, including some spiders, caterpillars, and tadpoles, use vibrations as indicators of predator presence, and can di

12、stinguish vibrations made by predators, non-predators, and abiotic （非生 命的）cues （such as rainfall）. It is important for prey to be able to distinguish cues from threats versus non-threats, as responding to every tactile stimulus （触觉刺激）would waste time and energy, and may actually attract the attentio

13、n of predators.36. How many kinds of visual cues are mentioned in the passage?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.37. How does toadfish avoid threat from dolphins?A. By making noises.C. By responding actively.B. By looking for food.D. By reducing their move.38. Which of (he following cue can best be use

14、d to detect the direction of predators al night?A. Visual.B. Auditory.C. Chemical.D. Vibration.39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Chemical cues fail to function if the predators are out of sight.B. Visual cues can be used as an indication of predators inte

15、ntion.C. Vibration cues are reliable as predators can hardly stop vibrating.D. Auditory cues help prey to figure out what kind of predators they meet.40. Which of the following topic might be talked about in the following paragraphs?A. Prey species and their behaviorsB. Distinct Characteristics of P

16、redatorsC. Surviving Encounters with PredatorsC. Surviving Encounters with PredatorsD. Effective Ways to Find out Prey species【答案】36.C37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个可以探测捕食者，增加动物生存几率的线索。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据 a. Visual 部分中 “ Many animals respond to general visual cues（提示）,such as the presen

17、ce of a new object or sudden movement. Other visual cues, including an animals size and behavior, can provide specific information about the idenlity and intention of a potential predalor.（许多动物对一般的视觉线索有反应，例如一 个新物体的出现或突然的移动。其他的视觉线索，包括动物的大小和行为，可以提供关于潜在捕食者的身 份和意图的具体信息）”可知，文中一共提及四种视觉线索：新物体的出现或突然者移动，动物的大

18、小和行 为。故选C。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据 b. Auditory 部分中 “ For example, toadfish recognize sound of dolphins when they are looking for food, one of their main predators, and reduce their activity levels in response1例如,当海豚寻找它们的主要捕 食者之一的食物时，蟾蛛鱼能识别海豚的声音，并相应地减少它们的活动水平）”可知，蟾蛛鱼通过减少活 动来躲避来自海豚的威胁。故选D。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据 b. Au

19、ditory 部分中“Auditory cues can provide reliable, direct information about a predators presence, identity. These cues are especially helpful for nocturnal （夜间活动的）prey species or animals.（听觉线索 可以提供关于捕食者的存在和身份的可靠、直接的信息。这些线索对夜间捕食的物种或动物特别有帮 助)”可知，听觉最适合用来检测夜间捕食者的方向。故选B。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据 c. Chemical 部分中 *Chemi

20、cal cues can be present in the air, in water, or on the ground, and can be detected by prey through smelling or lasting, providing a reliable indication of a predators presence even if it is visually undetectable.（化学线索可以存在于空气中、水中或地面上，可以被猎物通过嗅觉和味觉探测到，为 捕食者的存在提供可靠的指示，即使视觉上无法探测到）”可知，即使看不见捕食者，化学线索也可以提供

21、捕食者的信息，A选项“如果捕食者不在视线范围内，化学线索就不起作用”不正确。故选A。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 “To avoid becoming someones dinner, an organism must be able to identify predatory threats and employ effective strategies to avoid detection by predators. In the event （hat avoidance fails, animals can use strategies that will increase th

22、eir chances of surviving attack if they do encounter predators.（为了 避免成为别人 的晚餐，生物必须能够识别掠食性威胁，并采用有效的策略来避免被掠食者发现。在逃避失败的情况下， 如果遇到捕食者，动物可以使用增加生存几率的策略）”可推知，文章主要讲述了如何检测捕食者，那么下 文应是讲述遇到捕食者应该怎样逃生，C项”在遭遇捕食者时如何生存”符合题意。故选C.BIf you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New York

23、Times or others, I would have replied, Definitely not! ” This was partly because I did not want to think of myself as an ambitious sort. Working in restaurants was honest labor, and anyone could see that. Writing about them for the mainstream press was not.However, the renewing was fun, so much fun

24、that when mainstream publishers started paying me for my opinions, I didnt do the decent （体面的）thing, and before I knew it, I had stopped cooking professionally. Then I stopped cooking altogether. Shes joined the leisure class. my friend said.I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I kne

25、w could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a feeling that we were stepping onto the playgrounds of the rich.We knew we didnt belong to these grand restaurants. We always got the worst table, and since I didnt own a credit card, I had to pay i

26、n cash. The year turned into two and three, and more. Then, I got a credit card as well as good clothes. I was writing for increasingly prestigious （声誉高的）publications. Meanwhile, a voice inside me kept whispering, 4iHow could you?”The voice is still there, never coming to a stop. When I receive week

27、ly letters from people who think it is unacceptable to write about SI00 meals while half the world is hungry, the voice rings right along, Theyre absolutely right, you elitist （精英）pig is not”. When it asks, “When are you going to grow up and get a real job?, it sounds a lot like my mother.It is just

28、 at that moment that 1 tell the voice to shut up because I realize all Im doing with my life is telling rich people where to eat and how much (he world has changed.Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are different from you and me, but there are fewer

29、and fewer of them. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera; today, it is more like going to the movies.Therefore, everyone has become a critic and I couldnt be happier with this. The more people pay attention to what and how they eat, the more accustomed they become to their own senses a

30、nd the world around them. As A. J. Liebling once said, all it really lakes to be a restaurant critic is a good appetite.41. What can we know from (he first (wo paragraphs?A. The author was too honest to work as a restaurant critic.B. The author found it hard to work for the mainstream press.C. The a

31、uthor didnt think highly of the job as a restaurant critic.D. The author wasnt able to renew the work as a professional cook.42. How did the author feel about eating out?A. She felt like eating out with the rich.B. She refused (o eat out with the critics.C. She had a mixed feeling about eating out.D

32、. She got much fun from being invited to eat out.43. What docs the author want to tell us by saying “The year turned into two, and three, and more.?A. She stayed in the career as a professional cook for years.B. She look up the job of writing as a restaurant critic for years.C. 1( took a long time f

33、or the publications to increase their prestige.D. It was years before her application for a credit card got approved.44. What changes have taken place to American restaurants?A. Restaurants make people confused about their social status.B. Rich people can get special treat in sonic restaurants.C. Or

34、dinary people have become accustomed to fancy restaurants, oRestaurants have become affordable to common people.45. Which of the following statements will the author probably agree with?A. Eating out is not a privilege of the rich.B. There is no need for restaurant critics at all.C. The writer is ge

35、tting tired of her current job.D. Good appetite makes a good restaurant critic.【答案】41. C 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。主要讲述了作为餐厅评论员在饭店所经历的变化，也反映了美国家庭 收入和思想观念的改变。41题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“If you had asked me then if I would accept a job as a restaurant critic for The New York Times or others, I

36、 would have replied, Definitely not! ”（如果你当时问我是否愿意接受纽约时报或其 他杂志的餐厅评论员的工作，我会回答：“绝对不会！ “）”推知，作者一开始对餐厅评论员这份工作的评价 不高。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段I disarmed my critics by inviting them along; nobody I knew could afford to eat out and nobody refused. We went with equal amounts of guilt and pleasure, with a fee

37、ling that we were stepping onto the playgrounds of the rich.（我邀请批评我的人一起来，解除了他们的武装；我认识的人都下得起馆子， 也没人拒绝。我们带着同样多的内疚和快乐去了那里，有一种踏上富人游乐场的感觉）”可知，作者对于出 去吃饭有一种复杂的感觉。故选C。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段的We knew we didnt belong to these grand restaurants. We always got the worst （able, and since I didnt own a credit card, i

38、had to pay in cash. The year turned into two and three, and more. Then, I got a credit card as well as good clothes. I was writing for increasingly prestigious （声誉高的）publications（我们知道 我们不属于这时大饭店。我们总是订到最差的桌子，而且因为我没有信用卡，我只能用现金付款。两年过 去了，三年过去了，甚至更久。然后，我得到了一张信用卡以及漂亮的衣服。我为越来越有声望的出版物 写作）”可知，一开始作者的工作环境并不好，随

39、着时代和社会的发展，她开始为有声望的出版物写作。由 此推知，作者说aThe year turned into two, and three. and more.”是为了表明她从事了多年的餐厅评论写作工 作。故选B。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Yes, there arc still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are different from you and me, but there are fewer and fewer of them. Going out to eat

40、used to be like going to the opera; today, it is more like going to the movies.（是的,仍然有一些餐馆，有钱人会去那里提醒自己，他们和你 我不同，但他们越来越少了。出去吃饭过去就像去看歌剧；今天，它更像是去看电影）”推知，美国餐厅发 生的改变是，餐馆已经成为普通人负担得起的了。故选D。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 “Yes, there are still restaurants where rich people go to remind themselves that they are differe

41、nt from you and me. but there are fewer and fewer of them. Going out to eat used to be like going to the opera; today, it is more like going to the movies.（是的,仍然有一些餐馆,有钱人会去那里提醒自己,他们和你 我不同，但他们越来越少了。出去吃饭过去就像去看歌剧；今天，它更像是去看电影）”推知，作者认为出 去吃饭不再是有钱人的特权。故选A。CTourists visiting the Canary Islands can often hea

42、r locals communicating over long distances by whistlingnot a tune, but the Spanish language. The locals are communicating in Silbo, a much more widespread use of whistled languages. In at least 80 cultures worldwide, people have developed whistled versions of their local languages when the circumsta

43、nces call for it.Whistled languages arc almost always developed by traditional cultures that live in mountainous regions or in dense forests. Thats because whistled speech carries much farther than ordinary speech or shouting, says Julien Meyer, a linguist who explores the topic of whistled language

44、s. Skilled whistlers can reach 120 decibels （分贝） louder than a car speaker. As a result, whistled speech can be understood up to 10 times as far away as ordinary shouting can. That lets people communicate when they cannot get close enough to shout.Whistled languages work because many of the key elem

45、ents of speech can be mimicked in a whistle. We distinguish one speech sound from another by minor differences in their sound frequency patterns. Whistlers can express all of these distinctions by varying the pitch （音高）of their whistle. And the skill can be adapted to any language, even those that h

46、ave no tradition of whistling.However, whistled languages arc disappearing rapidly all over the world, and somesuch as the whistled form of the Tepehua language in Mexico-have already disappeared. Modernization is largely to blame, says Meyer, who points to roads as the biggest factor. Thats why you

47、 still find whistled speech only in places that are very, very remote, that have had less access to roads/ he says.Fortunately, there is still a ray of hope. UNESCO has listed two whistled languages-Silbo in the Canarjf Islands, and a whistled Turkishas elements of the worlds intangible cultural her

48、itage. Such attention can lead to conservation efforts. In the Canary Islands, fbr example, Silbo is now taught in schools. 44If people hadnH made that eflbrt, Silbo would probably have disappeared,says Meyer. There, at least, the future of the whistled language looks bright.46. What can he learned

49、about Silbo?A. It is an endangered tune.B. It is employed to entertain tourists.C. Il is used in more than 80 cultures.D. It is a whistled version of Spanish.47. What are whistled languages mainly used to do?A. Pass on secret information.B. Get messages across over long distances.C. Imitate the sound patterns