高考英语语法专题复习讲义阅读必备资料.docx
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1、高考英语语法专题复习经典讲义阅读必备资料一.文一章的套路结构:(本笔记局限于说明文章,议论文章。).结论说明型A.文章开始出现一个结论,后为对他的解释B.TS(topical sentence即主题句)即为为结论出现支出;注意特别容易的情况是每一段之主 题句是该段首句。C.什么是“判断句”?一通常很重要,判断结论说明型靠判断句,直指主题a.系表结构:be. remainb.含有作者的态度和评价,注意可能有自由褒贬词.新老观点型A.判断标志:文章开始不久就出现了老观点,例如:it was traditionally assumed?it was once / usually believed?M
2、any xxbelieved that?Many xxhave argued?It was frequently assumed that?It was universally accepted that?过去.传统.大家一致公认的观点,都是老观点。B.TS:陈述新观点的句子。C.新观点特征:对同一 focus给出不同的解释。读到老观点的时候,应该停下来想一想,新观点可能是什么样子,从而往下有目的地寻找。1 .现象解释型A.判断标志:首段给出一个自然的或社会的现象,往往很古怪,下文对其做出解释。B.可能有多种解释,TS:作者给了正评价的解释。C.需要注意的是:a.可能先给出几个错误的(作者持负
3、评价),最后一个才是正确的(正平价)。b.可能所有解释作者全都不喜欢。2 .问题解决.回答型A.判断标志:a.手段出现了设问句。b.首段出现了以下词语:problem difficulty task puzzle 等B.TS:作者给出正评价的解决方案。3 .其他类的文章前班部分是以上四种结构之,后半部分讲了 些与前面无关的内容。TS在前面,从前面不从后面二.做题的几条原则1 .先读文章后做题也可以先看题在看文章,建议仔细看全文,才能把握主题不至于上当.不能凭印象,或自己的知识背景做题。这点我很有感触,作题不能想当然2 .做细节题:必须找原文语言重现,正确选项为原文的精确改写。(难大题目用选项中
4、的关键 词语,扫描全文,此外在读原文时有意识的记一下三.平常复习的建议2)止确选项频繁使用原文的反义词加上反义结构来表达与原文相同的意思,如:He is old. He is no longer young.句子结构一个是肯定形式,一个是否定形式,考查考生对 这两种结构的理解。例Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who event
5、ually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he con speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences,
6、 and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.(可读性:73.2 难度:8.0 级)Q: If a child starts to speak later than others, he will have a high IQ.be less intelligent.be insensitive to verbal signals.not necessarily be backward.(实考试题)解析:解是后半句双重否定的改写,原文和答案词汇比较如下: 答案是3)
7、正确选项是原文的总体或局部总体和局部(或称一般和特殊)的关系.主要表现为:一般是特殊的总和,特殊为一般的属性。 这种题型考查类比推理能力。例There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a prom
8、otion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language all these ar.e examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.(可读性:51.9 难度:11.6 级) Q: A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth whenhe has given up his smoking habit, he has mad
9、e great efforts in his work.he is keen on learning anything new.he has tried to determine where he is on his journey.(实考试题)解析:题干中generally是关键词,与中generally相对。:人们通常认为个人的成长 是外在的成果或产物,是容易辨别和衡量的”,正确答案必须符合“外在”、“易辨别和衡量”这 两个一般特征。“当一个人戒了烟,烟戒了是一种易辨别的、外在的“成果”,与“升职”等相似, 属于特殊的情况。故正确。6)正确选项是文中例证或事实的归纳总结例1Given al
10、l these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates
11、 which many countries experienced in the 1970s and early 1980s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicated. In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and expecte
12、d to average only about 3% for the years as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a Percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan; over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and Amer
13、ica.(可读性:49难度:10.9级) Q: From the passage we learn thatthere is a definite relationship between inflation and interest rates.economy will always follow certain models.the economic situation is better than expected.economists had foreseen the present economic situation.(实考试题)解析:综合推断题。这两段并不难,有大量数据,问题考杳
14、从这些数据可以归纳出什么。第 二句说通货膨胀率降到了 2.3%;第三句:这(低膨胀率)比多数经济学家预测的还要低,综 合这一切可以推断:经济形势比预计的要好。故正确。例2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, and even abroad, and the
15、y make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether of not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the cashless societyls not on the horizon-its already he
16、re.(可读性: 45.3难度:12级)Q: According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes.obtain more convenient services than other people do.enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper.cash money wherever he wishes to.(实考试题)解析:对、概括,信用卡使持卡者比其他人享有更多的便利服务,可知
17、正确八两项均 过于绝对,且与文意不符;“持卡者得到店主更大的信任”文中未提及,也应排除。例3For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another, strangers and travelers w
18、ere welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.(可读性:54.2 难度: 10.2 级)Q: Families in frontier settlements u sed to entertain strangers to improve their hard life.in view of their long-distance travel.to add some flavor to their own daily life.out of a charitable impulse.(实考试题)
19、解析:大意为:过去很长一段时间,在美国很多地方,旅行者的到来对居民们单调生活是一 种可喜的调节。无聊、孤独对相距很远的家庭来说是普遍存在的问题。陌生人和旅行者给他 们的生活带来了娱乐消遣,因而受欢迎;同时还带来了外面世界的信息。可见,边远地区的 人们对陌生人(游客)如此热情是因为这给他们的生活增添了乐趣,所以正确。“为了改善 他们的艰苦生活”言过其实;“于由游客漫长的旅途”不够确切。7)正确选项是对段落中心/大意,或者篇章中心的归纳总结例1Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child rearing, but w
20、hat do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each others strengths.(可读性:65.7 难度:7.7 级)Q: The paragraph points out that one of the advantage
21、s of a family with both parents is husband and wife can share house work.two adults are always better than one.the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognized.husband and wife can compensate for each ot hers shortcoming.解析:本段的话题是子女抚养中母亲或父亲的作用,如果双方互相支持,可以弥补对方的缺 陷。可见“夫妇可互相补偿彼此缺点”是段落中心的概括
22、,符合题意。“夫妇可共同做家务劳动” 和“两个总比一个好”都是根据生活常识编造的选项(合理项,参见本书“错误选项的特征” 一节):“母亲的重要性可以得到充分认可”,表达片面。例2Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard line-stand, at leas to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last months st
23、ockholders meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of societys ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced
24、 that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music.(可读性:39.2 难度:12 级)Q: In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairmanstuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression.softened his tone and adopted some new p
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