专题132022年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇D篇2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练解析版.docx

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1、专题13 2022年新高考I卷阅读理解C篇+D篇-2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练解析版教育部教育考试院：2022年英语新高考I卷试题评析（摘要）2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是 核心，平稳是关键”的原则，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步加强对学 生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。考查学科关键能力，服务落实双减”政策1.3关注时代发展，引导培养核心素养英语科试卷通过选择具有时代特征的语篇，倡导学生养成独立思考的学习习惯，培育乐于探究

2、的科学精神， 构建友好互助的人际关系。英语科试卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖 税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的 能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏 相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目I、勇 救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。语篇解读关键词care home, elderly people, hen, look a

3、fter主旨概要英国一家慈善机构发起了一个让养老院老人养鸡的项目，以缓解老年人的孤独，这个项目受到老年 人的欢迎。原文出处选自英国每日电讯报网站2015年7月20日名为Lonely elderly given hens to keep them company的文章网站链接Lonely-elderly-given-hens-to-keep-them-company.html语言知识重难点词loneliness n 派生词孤独;wellbeing n 合成词健康，幸福；dementia n 医学痴呆；staff n全体 职工；keep v 熟词生义养，饲养；focus n 学术词重点;count

4、rywide adv 合成词遍及全国地； session n会议，会期；benefit n 学术词益处；ensure v 学术词确保；promote v 学术词促进， 提升；welfaren 学木词幸福，福祉;affect v 学木词影响;gain v获得;personality n个性；opposeA. To make sure the study results are correct.B. To compare brain activities in different cases.C. To test the relationships between couples.D. To ch

5、eck the functions of the fMRI scanner.30. According to the last paragraph, what may the writer agree with?A. Babies should be held and carried as much as possible.B. Babies problems can be solved mainly by touching.C. The effects that touching has on babies dont last long.D. Adults who were not held

6、 as babies cant adjust to society.31. Which of the following might be the most suitable title for the text?A. Touch Improves Brain FunctionB. Touch Happens EverywhereC. Touch Helps Form Good HabitsD. Touch Makes a Big Difference. A 29. B 3. A 31. D【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家的研究成果：来自信任的、亲近的人的触碰可以帮助其缓解压 力，对

7、身体健康有积极作用。28 .推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“A redmeant that in a few seconds, there was a chance that they would receive a mild electric shock on their leg. The shock wasnt painful, but it wasnt exactly comfortable either.” （红 “X”表示几秒钟后，他们的腿可能会受到轻微电击。电击并不痛，但也不是很舒服。）及第三段第二句Jim and colleagues found that when partic

8、ipants thought they might be getting a shock, they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions. （吉姆及其同事发现， 当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比，他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可 知，伴随红“X”而来的电击会让参与者产生紧张及压力感，只不过握着爱人的手时这种反应会降低。故选A 项。29 .推理判断题。根据第三段第二

9、句Jim and colleagues found that when participants thought they might be getting a shock, they had a lower stress response in their brains when holding their romantic partners hand than in the other two conditions.（吉姆及其同事发现，当参与者认为他们可能会受到电击时，与其他两种情况相比, 他们握着爱人的手时，大脑的压力反应更低。）可知，实验设计了不同情况，最后比较的是在不同情况下大脑的

10、压力反应。由此可以推断出多轮实验的目的是为了比较在不同情况下被试者大脑活动的情况。故选B项。30 .推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句These effects can be long-lasting: adults, held a lot when they were babies, are the most likely to be healthy and well-adjusted - in fact, the more they were carried in babyhood, the better they adjust in adulthood.w （这些影响是长期的：婴儿时期被

11、抱过的成年人可能会更加健康，调节能力会 更好，而且，婴儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好。）可知，搂抱产生的影响持续的时间很长，婴 儿时期被抱得越多，成年时期的调节能力就越好，所以作者会认可A项“应尽可能多抱抱婴儿”的观点。故选 A项。31 .主旨大意题。本文第一段说明研究结论：来自信任的人的触碰及拉手对健康有积极的影响；第二、三段介 绍了研究的过程和发现：牵着爱人的手可以减少紧张感；第四段为研究的其他发现：触碰对婴儿身心健康的长 久影响。所以D项“触碰产生重大影响”最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。28-31-4【巩固】The complexities of human relation

12、s are difficult enough for adults to identify一and they have at least some idea of the rules. Children have yet to learn those rules. Infants （婴JL） are, nevertheless, able quickly to identify close relationships between other people, and thus to build up a map of the social world around them.How this

13、 comes out has puzzled sociologists for decades. In a paper just published in Science, Ashley Thomas of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposes a partial answer: saliva （唾液）shared by kissing, for example, or the common use of an eating or drinking tool.The researchers came to the conclusi

14、on based on a series of studies. They selected two groups of several dozen youngsters. One was a set of babies aged between eight and ten months. The other was a group of toddlers aged between 16 and 18 months.Each infant was shown a video of an adult interacting with a puppet （木偶），followed by anoth

15、er video of that puppet in trouble while the same adult, and also a stranger, looked on. When the interaction in the first video appeared to involve the sharing of salivapuppet and adult taking constant bites from an orange in turnboth sets of infants looked mainly at that same adult in the second v

16、ideo, and not the stranger. When the interaction in the first video was friendly but less thick, such as passing a ball back and forth, the infants had equal expectations of both adults when shown the second video.The conclusion was reconfirmed by subsequently replacing the puppet with a different o

17、ne and repeating the second test. In this case the children showed no consistent expectation about which adult would intervene to relieve the puppefs trouble.Conducting her experiment by video enabled Dr. Thomas to cast her search for trial participants beyond Massachusetts. She nevertheless decided

18、, in this first instance, to limit things to the United States. Future runs, she hopes, will reach beyond that countrys borders.28. What does the underlined word this” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Adulfs identifying human relations.B. Childrens learning interpersonal rules.C. Babies getting to know ne

19、w things around them.D. Infants, recognizing relationships between people.29. Which can best describe the research process?A. Well-designed.C. Tightly-scheduled.30. What can the tests illustrate?A. Infants tend to believe in adults blindly.C. Infants are competent to show sympathy.B. Time-consuming.

20、D. Risk-taking.B. Saliva sharing is indicative of closeness.D. Saliva sharing acts as a comfort for infants.31. What was Dr. Thomass expectation fbr the future tests?A. An extension of age group.B. More advanced equipment.C. A broader regional coverage.D. Diverse experimental methods.28. D29. A30. B

21、31. C【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验证实了婴儿可以通过观察谁分享唾液来识 别亲密关系。28 .词义猜测题。根据第一段Infants （婴儿）are, nevertheless, able quickly to identify close relationships between other people（然而，婴儿能够快速地识别出他人之间的密切关系）”可知，此处的How this comes out（这是怎么产 生的）的this是指上文提到的“婴儿能识别人与人之间的关系九 故选D项。29 .推理判断题。根据第三段“The researchers came

22、to the conclusion based on a series of studies.（研究人员通过一系列的研究得出了这个结论。）”可以推断出，这个研究的过程是经过精心设计的（Well-designed）。故选A项。30 .细节理解题。根据第四段“When the interaction in the first video appeared to involve the sharing of salivapuppet and adult taking constant bites from an orange in turnboth sets of infants looked ma

23、inly at that same adult in the second video, and not the stranger.（当第一个视频中的互动似乎涉及到分享唾液时 木偶和 成年人不断地咬一个橘子在第二个视频中，两组婴儿主要看的是同一个成年人，而不是陌生人。）以及“the infants had equal expectations of both adults when shown the second video.（在播放第二个视频时，婴儿对两个成 年人都有相同的期望）”可知，婴儿认为有着唾液共享的成年人有着亲密的关系。所以这些实验说明了“唾液共享 表明他们的关系很亲密”。故选B

24、项。31 .细节理解题。根据最后一段Future runs, she hopes, will reach beyond that country为 borders.（她希望，未来 的研究将超越国界。）”可知，Thomas博士希望未来的试验能覆盖更广泛的区域。故选C项。28-31-5【提升】Virtual reality can improve brain activity that may be crucial for leaning, memory and even treating Alzheimers, a study on rats has found.After monitoring

25、 the rats brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons （海马体神经元）differed depending on whether the ratswere placed in real-world or VR environments. The new findings are significant as the hippocam

26、pus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.When rats walk around in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize （同步发生）at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as theta （6） waves”, with stronger 0 waves se

27、eming to improve the brains ability to learn and keep sensory information. When placed in a VR environment, the rafs 0 waves became stronger.“It turns out that amazing things happen when the rat is in virtual reality said Prof Mayank Mehta fiom UCLA. The scientists also found that VR environments co

28、uld change different electrical rhythms （节律）in different parts of the neurons, which indicates that scientists may be able to control human brain rhythms.“This is a new technology that has great potential/9 Mehta said. The study also indicates why VR may stimulate these unique brain waves. A big par

29、t of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR.Imagine that youre approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger. But how do you know that youre moving forward and the door isnt coming to you? The answer is that your brain uses inform

30、ation such as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the otherinformation that may not be present during a VR experience.28. According to the passage, why are the new findings important?A. VRs contributions to learning have finally been identified.B. VR c

31、an affect electrical activity in the hippocampus neurons.C. VR produces the same effects on brains as real environments.D. VR is likely to become another driver for learning and memory. 29. What can we learn about 0 waves?A. They dont respond to different brain rhythms.B. They remain stable in diffe

32、rent environments.C. They affect how human perceive knowledge.D. They have little to do with the rate of heartbeats.30. What does the underlined word it in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The potential of the new technology.B. The control of human brain rhythms.C. The change in different parts of neurons.D

33、The stimulation of the unique brain waves.31. How does the author introduce VRs different set of stimuli?A. By conducting further tests on rats.B. By comparing different environments.C. By providing a detailed analysisD. By explaining the theory of VR.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项对老鼠的研究发现，VR（虚拟现实环境）可以改善大脑活动，这可能

34、对学 习、记忆甚至治疗阿尔茨海默氏症至关重要。28 .细节理解题。根据第二段After monitoring the rats brain activity, researchers from the University of California Los Angeles discovered electrical activity in a region known as the hippocampus neurons （海马体神经 元）differed depending on whether the rats were placed in real-world or VR enviro

35、nments. The new findings are significant as the hippocampus is a primary driver of learning and memory in the brain.（在监测老鼠的大脑活动 后，来自加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员发现，海马神经元区域的电活动因老鼠被置于真实世界或虚拟现实环 境而有所不同。这项新发现意义重大，因为海马体是大脑学习和记忆的主要驱动力）”可知，海马体是大脑学习 和记忆的主要驱动力，新发现很重要是因为VR可以影响海马神经元的电活动。故选B。29 .细节理解题。根据第三段“When rats walk aro

36、und in real life, electrical activity in the hippocampus appears to synchronize （同步发生）at a rate of eight heartbeats per second. Heartbeats at this frequency are generally known as “theta （0） waves”, with stronger 0 waves seeming to improve the brains ability to learn and keep sensory information. Wh

37、en placed in a VR environment, the rats 0 waves became stronger4当老鼠在现实生活中 四处走动时，海马体的电活动似乎以每秒8次心跳的速度同步。这种频率的心跳通常被称为“0 （波”，更强的 e波似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力。在vr环境中，老鼠的e波变得更强）”可知，强烈的o波 似乎可以提高大脑学习和保存感官信息的能力，由此可知，e波影响着人类感知知识的方式。故选c。30 .词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第五段“The study also indicates why VR may stimulate these unique

38、brain waves. A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set of stimuli presented in VR.（这项研究还 揭示了为什么VR会刺激这些独特的脑电波。Mehta认为，其中很大一部分原因可能是VR中呈现的一系列截然 不同的刺激）”可知，下文中指示代词it指代的是上一句中的“独特脑电波的刺激”，故选D。31 .推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句A big part of it, Mehta puts, may be down to the very different set

39、 of stimuli presented in VR. （Mehta认为，其中很大一部分原因可能是虚拟现实中呈现的一系列截然不同的刺 激）”和最后一段 Imagine that you，re approaching a doorway in real life. Your eyes see the door getting larger. But how do you know that youre moving forward and the door isnt coming to you? The answer is that your brain uses information su

40、ch as the acceleration of your head through space or the shift of weight from one foot to the otherinformation that may not be present during a VR experience.（想象一下，你正在接近现实生活中的一 个门口。你的眼睛看到门越来越大。但是你怎么知道你在向前走，而那扇门不会向你走来呢?答案是，你的大脑 使用的信息，比如你的头部在空间中的加速度，或者从一只脚到另一只脚的重心转移这些信息在虚拟现实 体验中可能不存在）”可知，作者通过对比现实环境与虚拟

41、现实环境所带来的不同效果，来介绍VR所带来的不 同刺激，故选B。28-31-6【提升】Two years ago, Nikki Tysoe rarely got on a bike. Today, though, shes become so addicted to the cycling world that shes even helping to bring pedal power to mental-health nurses at the hospital where she works.In April, the National Lottery-funded charity Ac

42、cess Sport introduced a program that provides bikes to Tower Hamlets Royal London Hospital. Nikki pushed for this to be extended to Goodmayes Hospital, a mental-health facility in northeast London where shes a project manager. She says having the bikes not only enables nursing staff to travel safely

43、 to and from work during the coronavirus crisis, but also lets them blow off steam during their breaks.Nikki wanted to do something to make life a bit better for the staff. Theres a lot of focus on the hospitals at the moment which are having an awful time but this is also an extra-stressful time fo

44、r mental health staff. The bikes provide a complement to a “wobble room within the hospital. Ifs somewhere the staff can go when theyre really stressed, and the bikes are an extension of that.Junior doctor Aiman is very grateful fbr the program. Using the bike means I can get to work safely she says

45、. This has taken out a lot of worries from my daily life and allows me to focus on my patients. Ifs definitely improved my mental wellbeing. Stress levels are generally high in nursing and having bikes would make a big difference.While Access Sport has provided Nikki with bikes, her dream is to have

46、 three or four bicycles permanently on site. Following the success of the bike loans, Nikki is working to extend the project beyond lockdown.28. Why did Nikki want to extend the program to Goodmayes Hospital?A. To make her hobby known.B. To get nurses to cycle for health.C. To fight against the coro

47、navirus crisis.D. To guarantee traffic safety.29. What might a nurse feeling stressed do in a “wobble room?A. Attend to patients.B. Reflect on the work.C. Listen to music and relax.D. Receive professional training.30. What can we infer about the program according to doctor Aiman?A. It meets challeng

48、es.B. It is a great success.C. It boosts sales of bikes.D. It is popular among patients.31. Which of the following best describes Nikki?A. Caring.B. Demanding.C. Ambitious.D. Generous.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A【分析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了 GoodmayesHospital医院的项目经理NikkiTysoe为医院引入自行车项目， 帮助护理人员的缓解工作压力。28 .细节理解题。根据第二段中“She says having the bikes not only enables nursing staff to travel safely to and from work during the coronavirus crisis, but also lets them blow off steam during their breaks.（她说,拥有这些自 行车不仅能让护理人员在冠状病毒危机期间安全地上下班，而且还能让他们在休息时发泄情绪）”可知，Nikki 希望将这一项