SPSS术语中英文对照.pdf

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1、【常用软件】SPSS术语中英文对照FileFile菜单菜单文件文件EditEditViewViewDataDataTransformTransformAnalyzeAnalyzeGraphsGraphsUtilitiUtilitieses编辑编辑Undo视图视图StatusBar数据数据DefineDates转换转换Compute分析分析Reports统计图统计图Gallery自定义自定义Variables菜单项（下拉菜单）New新文件撤销状态条定义日期通 过 计 算建 立 新 变量数据报告图库变量OpenRedoToolbarsInsertRandomSeedDescriptiveStati

2、sticsInteractiveFileInfoVariableNumber打开重复工具条插入变量产 生 随 机数描述性统计交互式的文 件 信息OpenDatabase打 开 数 据库DataCaptureCutFontsInsertCaseCountCompareMeans比较均值BarDefineSets剪切字体插入样品计数条形图定 义 变量集CopyGridLines格线Go to CaseRecodeGeneralLinear ModelLineUse Sets获取数据复制定位样品再编码一般线性模型线图使 用 变量集Read TextPasteDataValueLabelsSortCa

3、sesCategorizeVariablesCorrelateAreaRunScript读 取 文 本数据Save粘贴值标签样品排序将 变 量 类别化相关面积图运 行 脚本PasteVariableTransposeRank CasesRegressionPieMenuEditor保存粘 贴变 量名行列转置求 样 品 的秩回归饼图菜 单 编辑器Save AsClearMergeFilesAutomaticLoglinearRecodeHigh-Low另存为DisplayData Info清除Find合并文件自动编码对数线性高低图ParetoAggregateCreateTimeSeriesCl

4、assify显 示 数 据信息ApplyDataDictionary寻找汇总创 建 时 间序列聚类与判别帕雷托图OptionSplitFileReplaceMissingValuesDataReductionControl应 用 数 据字典Print选项分割文件替 换 缺 失值简化数据控制图SelectCases选择样品ScaleBox Plot打印PrintPreview打印预览测量分析箱图Error BarWeightCases给 样 品 加权Nonparametric Tests非参数检验误差图Exit退出Survival生存分析MultipleResponse多选项分析Scatter散

5、点图Histogram直方图SPSS 的统计分析过程均包含在Analysis 菜单中。我们只学以下两大分析过程：Descriptive Statistics（描述性统计）和 Multiple Response（多选项分析）。?Descriptive Statistics（描述性统计）包含的分析功能：1?Frequencies 过程：主要用于统计指定变量各变量值的频次（Frequency）、百分比（Percent）。2?Descriptives 过程：主要用于计算指定变量的均值（Mean）、标准差（Std.Deviation）。3?Crosstabs 过程：主要用于两个或两个以上变量的交叉分类。

6、?Multiple Response（多选项分析）的分析功能：1Define Set 过程：该过程定义一个由多选项组成的多响应变量。2Frequencies 过程：该过程对定义的多响应变量提供一个频数表。3Crosstabs 过程：该过程提供所定义的多响应变量与其他变量的交叉分类表。Absolute deviation,绝对离差Absolute number,绝对数Absolute residuals,绝对残差Acceleration array,加速度立体阵Acceleration in an arbitrary direction,任意方向上的加速度Acceleration normal,

7、法向加速度Acceleration space dimension,加速度空间的维数Acceleration tangential,切向加速度Acceleration vector,加速度向量Acceptable hypothesis,可接受假设Accumulation,累积Accuracy,准确度Actual frequency,实际频数Adaptive estimator,自适应估计量Addition,相加Addition theorem,加法定理Additivity,可加性Adjusted rate,调整率Adjusted value,校正值Admissible error,容许误差Ag

8、gregation,聚集性Alternative hypothesis,备择假设Among groups,组间Amounts,总量Analysis of correlation,相关分析Analysis of covariance,协方差分析Analysis of regression,回归分析Analysis of time series,时间序列分析Analysis of variance,方差分析Angular transformation,角转换ANOVA（analysis of variance）,方差分析ANOVA Models,方差分析模型Arcing,弧/弧旋Arcsine t

9、ransformation,反正弦变换Area under the curve,曲线面积AREG,评估从一个时间点到下一个时间点回归相关时的误差ARIMA,季节和非季节性单变量模型的极大似然估计Arithmetic grid paper,算术格纸Arithmetic mean,算术平均数Arrhenius relation,艾恩尼斯关系Assessing fit,拟合的评估Associative laws,结合律Asymmetric distribution,非对称分布Asymptotic bias,渐近偏倚Asymptotic efficiency,渐近效率Asymptotic varian

10、ce,渐近方差Attributable risk,归因危险度Attribute data,属性资料Attribution,属性Autocorrelation,自相关Autocorrelation of residuals,残差的自相关Average,平均数Average confidence interval length,平均置信区间长度Average growth rate,平均增长率Bar chart,条形图Bar graph,条形图Base period,基期Bayes theorem,Bayes 定理Bell-shaped curve,钟形曲线Bernoulli distributi

11、on,伯努力分布Best-trim estimator,最好切尾估计量Bias,偏性Binary logistic regression,二元逻辑斯蒂回归Binomial distribution,二项分布Bisquare,双平方Bivariate Correlate,二变量相关Bivariate normal distribution,双变量正态分布Bivariate normal population,双变量正态总体Biweight interval,双权区间Biweight M-estimator,双权 M 估计量Block,区组/配伍组BMDP(Biomedical computer

12、programs),BMDP 统计软件包Boxplots,箱线图/箱尾图Breakdown bound,崩溃界/崩溃点Canonical correlation,典型相关Caption,纵标目Case-control study,病例对照研究Categorical variable,分类变量Catenary,悬链线Cauchy distribution,柯西分布Cause-and-effect relationship,因果关系Cell,单元Censoring,终检Center of symmetry,对称中心Centering and scaling,中心化和定标Central tenden

13、cy,集中趋势Central value,中心值CHAID-2 Automatic Interaction Detector,卡方自动交互检测Chance,机遇Chance error,随机误差Chance variable,随机变量Characteristic equation,特征方程Characteristic root,特征根Characteristic vector,特征向量Chebshev criterion of fit,拟合的切比雪夫准则Chernoff faces,切尔诺夫脸谱图Chi-square test,卡方检验/2 检验Choleskey decomposition,

14、乔洛斯基分解Circle chart,圆图Class interval,组距Class mid-value,组中值Class upper limit,组上限Classified variable,分类变量Cluster analysis,聚类分析Cluster sampling,整群抽样Code,代码Coded data,编码数据Coding,编码Coefficient of contingency,列联系数Coefficient of determination,决定系数Coefficient of multiple correlation,多重相关系数Coefficient of part

15、ial correlation,偏相关系数Coefficient of production-moment correlation,积差相关系数Coefficient of rank correlation,等级相关系数Coefficient of regression,回归系数Coefficient of skewness,偏度系数Coefficient of variation,变异系数Cohort study,队列研究Column,列Column effect,列效应Column factor,列因素Combination pool,合并Combinative table,组合表Comm

16、on factor,共性因子Common regression coefficient,公共回归系数Common value,共同值Common variance,公共方差Common variation,公共变异Communality variance,共性方差Comparability,可比性Comparison of bathes,批比较Comparison value,比较值Compartment model,分部模型Compassion,伸缩Complement of an event,补事件Complete association,完全正相关Complete dissociatio

17、n,完全不相关Complete statistics,完备统计量Completely randomized design,完全随机化设计Composite event,联合事件Composite events,复合事件Concavity,凹性Conditional expectation,条件期望Conditional likelihood,条件似然Conditional probability,条件概率Conditionally linear,依条件线性Confidence interval,置信区间Confidence limit,置信限Confidence lower limit,置信下

18、限Confidence upper limit,置信上限Confirmatory Factor Analysis,验证性因子分析Confirmatory research,证实性实验研究Confounding factor,混杂因素Conjoint,联合分析Consistency,相合性Consistency check,一致性检验Consistent asymptotically normal estimate,相合渐近正态估计Consistent estimate,相合估计Constrained nonlinear regression,受约束非线性回归Constraint,约束Conta

19、minated distribution,污染分布Contaminated Gausssian,污染高斯分布Contaminated normal distribution,污染正态分布Contamination,污染Contamination model,污染模型Contingency table,列联表Contour,边界线Contribution rate,贡献率Control,对照Controlled experiments,对照实验Conventional depth,常规深度Convolution,卷积Corrected factor,校正因子Corrected mean,校正均值

20、Correction coefficient,校正系数Correctness,正确性Correlation coefficient,相关系数Correlation index,相关指数Correspondence,对应Counting,计数Counts,计数/频数Covariance,协方差Covariant,共变Cox Regression,Cox 回归Criteria for fitting,拟合准则Criteria of least squares,最小二乘准则Critical ratio,临界比Critical region,拒绝域Critical value,临界值Cross-ove

21、r design,交叉设计Cross-section analysis,横断面分析Cross-section survey,横断面调查Crosstabs,交叉表Cross-tabulation table,复合表Cube root,立方根Cumulative distribution function,分布函数Cumulative probability,累计概率Curvature,曲率/弯曲Curvature,曲率Curve fit,曲线拟和Curve fitting,曲线拟合Curvilinear regression,曲线回归Curvilinear relation,曲线关系Cut-an

22、d-try method,尝试法Cycle,周期Cyclist,周期性D test,D 检验Data acquisition,资料收集Data bank,数据库Data capacity,数据容量Data deficiencies,数据缺乏Data handling,数据处理Data manipulation,数据处理Data processing,数据处理Data reduction,数据缩减Data set,数据集Data sources,数据来源Data transformation,数据变换Data validity,数据有效性Data-in,数据输入Data-out,数据输出Dead

23、 time,停滞期Degree of freedom,自由度Degree of precision,精密度Degree of reliability,可靠性程度Degression,递减Density function,密度函数Density of data points,数据点的密度Dependent variable,应变量/依变量/因变量Dependent variable,因变量Depth,深度Derivative matrix,导数矩阵Derivative-free methods,无导数方法Design,设计Determinacy,确定性Determinant,行列式Determi

24、nant,决定因素Deviation,离差Deviation from average,离均差Diagnostic plot,诊断图Dichotomous variable,二分变量Differential equation,微分方程Direct standardization,直接标准化法Discrete variable,离散型变量DISCRIMINANT,判断Discriminant analysis,判别分析Discriminant coefficient,判别系数Discriminant function,判别值Dispersion,散布/分散度Disproportional,不成比

25、例的Disproportionate sub-class numbers,不成比例次级组含量Distribution free,分布无关性/免分布Distribution shape,分布形状Distribution-free method,任意分布法Distributive laws,分配律Disturbance,随机扰动项Dose response curve,剂量反应曲线Double blind method,双盲法Double blind trial,双盲试验Double exponential distribution,双指数分布Double logarithmic,双对数Downw

26、ard rank,降秩Dual-space plot,对偶空间图DUD,无导数方法Duncans new multiple range method,新复极差法/Duncan 新法Effect,实验效应Eigenvalue,特征值Eigenvector,特征向量Ellipse,椭圆Empirical distribution,经验分布Empirical probability,经验概率单位Enumeration data,计数资料Equal sun-class number,相等次级组含量Equally likely,等可能Equivariance,同变性Error,误差/错误Error of

27、 estimate,估计误差Error type I,第一类错误Error type II,第二类错误Estimand,被估量Estimated error mean squares,估计误差均方Estimated error sum of squares,估计误差平方和Euclidean distance,欧式距离Event,事件Event,事件Exceptional data point,异常数据点Expectation plane,期望平面Expectation surface,期望曲面Expected values,期望值Experiment,实验Experimental sampli

28、ng,试验抽样Experimental unit,试验单位Explanatory variable,说明变量Exploratory data analysis,探索性数据分析Explore Summarize,探索-摘要Exponential curve,指数曲线Exponential growth,指数式增长EXSMOOTH,指数平滑方法Extended fit,扩充拟合Extra parameter,附加参数Extrapolation,外推法Extreme observation,末端观测值Extremes,极端值/极值F distribution,F 分布F test,F 检验Facto

29、r,因素/因子Factor analysis,因子分析Factor Analysis,因子分析Factor score,因子得分Factorial,阶乘Factorial design,析因试验设计False negative,假阴性False negative error,假阴性错误Family of distributions,分布族Family of estimators,估计量族Fanning,扇面Fatality rate,病死率Field investigation,现场调查Field survey,现场调查Finite population,有限总体Finite-sample,有

30、限样本First derivative,一阶导数First principal component,第一主成分First quartile,第一四分位数Fisher information,费雪信息量Fitted value,拟合值Fitting a curve,曲线拟合Fixed base,定基Fluctuation,随机起伏Forecast,预测Four fold table,四格表Fourth,四分点Fraction blow,左侧比率Fractional error,相对误差Frequency,频率Frequency polygon,频数多边图Frontier point,界限点Fun

31、ction relationship,泛函关系Gamma distribution,伽玛分布Gauss increment,高斯增量Gaussian distribution,高斯分布/正态分布Gauss-Newton increment,高斯-牛顿增量General census,全面普查GENLOG(Generalized liner models),广义线性模型Geometric mean,几何平均数Ginis mean difference,基尼均差GLM(General liner models),一般线性模型Goodness of fit,拟和优度/配合度Gradient of d

32、eterminant,行列式的梯度Graeco-Latin square,希腊拉丁方Grand mean,总均值Gross errors,重大错误Gross-error sensitivity,大错敏感度Group averages,分组平均Grouped data,分组资料Guessed mean,假定平均数Half-life,半衰期Hampel M-estimators,汉佩尔 M 估计量Happenstance,偶然事件Harmonic mean,调和均数Hazard function,风险均数Hazard rate,风险率Heading,标目Heavy-tailed distribut

33、ion,重尾分布Hessian array,海森立体阵Heterogeneity,不同质Heterogeneity of variance,方差不齐Hierarchical classification,组内分组Hierarchical clustering method,系统聚类法High-leverage point,高杠杆率点HILOGLINEAR,多维列联表的层次对数线性模型Hinge,折叶点Histogram,直方图Historical cohort study,历史性队列研究Holes,空洞HOMALS,多重响应分析Homogeneity of variance,方差齐性Homog

34、eneity test,齐性检验Huber M-estimators,休伯 M 估计量Hyperbola,双曲线Hypothesis testing,假设检验Hypothetical universe,假设总体Impossible event,不可能事件Independence,独立性Independent variable,自变量Index,指标/指数Indirect standardization,间接标准化法Individual,个体Inference band,推断带Infinite population,无限总体Infinitely great,无穷大Infinitely small

35、,无穷小Influence curve,影响曲线Information capacity,信息容量Initial condition,初始条件Initial estimate,初始估计值Initial level,最初水平Interaction,交互作用Interaction terms,交互作用项Intercept,截距Interpolation,内插法Interquartile range,四分位距Interval estimation,区间估计Intervals of equal probability,等概率区间Intrinsic curvature,固有曲率Invariance,不变

36、性Inverse matrix,逆矩阵Inverse probability,逆概率Inverse sine transformation,反正弦变换Iteration,迭代Jacobian determinant,雅可比行列式Joint distribution function,分布函数Joint probability,联合概率Joint probability distribution,联合概率分布K means method,逐步聚类法Kaplan-Meier,评估事件的时间长度Kaplan-Merier chart,Kaplan-Merier 图Kendalls rank corr

37、elation,Kendall等级相关Kinetic,动力学Kolmogorov-Smirnove test,柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫检验Kruskal and Wallis test,Kruskal 及 Wallis 检验/多样本的秩和检验/H 检验Kurtosis,峰度Lack of fit,失拟Ladder of powers,幂阶梯Lag,滞后Large sample,大样本Large sample test,大样本检验Latin square,拉丁方Latin square design,拉丁方设计Leakage,泄漏Least favorable configuration,最不利

38、构形Least favorable distribution,最不利分布Least significant difference,最小显著差法Least square method,最小二乘法Least-absolute-residuals estimates,最小绝对残差估计Least-absolute-residuals fit,最小绝对残差拟合Least-absolute-residuals line,最小绝对残差线Legend,图例L-estimator,L 估计量L-estimator of location,位置 L 估计量L-estimator of scale,尺度 L 估计量

39、Level,水平Life expectance,预期期望寿命Life table,寿命表Life table method,生命表法Light-tailed distribution,轻尾分布Likelihood function,似然函数Likelihood ratio,似然比line graph,线图Linear correlation,直线相关Linear equation,线性方程Linear programming,线性规划Linear regression,直线回归Linear Regression,线性回归Linear trend,线性趋势Loading,载荷Location a

40、nd scale equivariance,位置尺度同变性Location equivariance,位置同变性Location invariance,位置不变性Location scale family,位置尺度族Log rank test,时序检验Logarithmic curve,对数曲线Logarithmic normal distribution,对数正态分布Logarithmic scale,对数尺度Logarithmic transformation,对数变换Logic check,逻辑检查Logistic distribution,逻辑斯特分布Logit transformat

41、ion,Logit 转换LOGLINEAR,多维列联表通用模型Lognormal distribution,对数正态分布Lost function,损失函数Low correlation,低度相关Lower limit,下限Lowest-attained variance,最小可达方差LSD,最小显著差法的简称Lurking variable,潜在变量Main effect,主效应Major heading,主辞标目Marginal density function,边缘密度函数Marginal probability,边缘概率Marginal probability distribution

42、,边缘概率分布Matched data,配对资料Matched distribution,匹配过分布Matching of distribution,分布的匹配Matching of transformation,变换的匹配Mathematical expectation,数学期望Mathematical model,数学模型Maximum L-estimator,极大极小 L 估计量Maximum likelihood method,最大似然法Mean,均数Mean squares between groups,组间均方Mean squares within group,组内均方Means(

43、Compare means),均值-均值比较Median,中位数Median effective dose,半数效量Median lethal dose,半数致死量Median polish,中位数平滑Median test,中位数检验Minimal sufficient statistic,最小充分统计量Minimum distance estimation,最小距离估计Minimum effective dose,最小有效量Minimum lethal dose,最小致死量Minimum variance estimator,最小方差估计量MINITAB,统计软件包Minor headin

44、g,宾词标目Missing data,缺失值Model specification,模型的确定Modeling Statistics,模型统计Models for outliers,离群值模型Modifying the model,模型的修正Modulus of continuity,连续性模Morbidity,发病率Most favorable configuration,最有利构形Multidimensional Scaling(ASCAL),多维尺度/多维标度Multinomial Logistic Regression,多项逻辑斯蒂回归Multiple comparison,多重比较M

45、ultiple correlation,复相关Multiple covariance,多元协方差Multiple linear regression,多元线性回归Multiple response,多重选项Multiple solutions,多解Multiplication theorem,乘法定理Multiresponse,多元响应Multi-stage sampling,多阶段抽样Multivariate T distribution,多元 T 分布Mutual exclusive,互不相容Mutual independence,互相独立Natural boundary,自然边界Natu

46、ral dead,自然死亡Natural zero,自然零Negative correlation,负相关Negative linear correlation,负线性相关Negatively skewed,负偏Newman-Keuls method,q 检验NK method,q 检验No statistical significance,无统计意义Nominal variable,名义变量Nonconstancy of variability,变异的非定常性Nonlinear regression,非线性相关Nonparametric statistics,非参数统计Nonparametr

47、ic test,非参数检验Nonparametric tests,非参数检验Normal deviate,正态离差Normal distribution,正态分布Normal equation,正规方程组Normal ranges,正常范围Normal value,正常值Nuisance parameter,多余参数/讨厌参数Null hypothesis,无效假设Numerical variable,数值变量Objective function,目标函数Observation unit,观察单位Observed value,观察值One sided test,单侧检验One-way anal

48、ysis of variance,单因素方差分析Oneway ANOVA,单因素方差分析Open sequential trial,开放型序贯设计Optrim,优切尾Optrim efficiency,优切尾效率Order statistics,顺序统计量Ordered categories,有序分类Ordinal logistic regression,序数逻辑斯蒂回归Ordinal variable,有序变量Orthogonal basis,正交基Orthogonal design,正交试验设计Orthogonality conditions,正交条件ORTHOPLAN,正交设计Outli

49、er cutoffs,离群值截断点Outliers,极端值OVERALS,多组变量的非线性正规相关Overshoot,迭代过度Paired design,配对设计Paired sample,配对样本Pairwise slopes,成对斜率Parabola,抛物线Parallel tests,平行试验Parameter,参数Parametric statistics,参数统计Parametric test,参数检验Partial correlation,偏相关Partial regression,偏回归Partial sorting,偏排序Partials residuals,偏残差Patter

50、n,模式Pearson curves,皮尔逊曲线Peeling,退层Percent bar graph,百分条形图Percentage,百分比Percentile,百分位数Percentile curves,百分位曲线Periodicity,周期性Permutation,排列P-estimator,P 估计量Pie graph,饼图Pitman estimator,皮特曼估计量Pivot,枢轴量Planar,平坦Planar assumption,平面的假设PLANCARDS,生成试验的计划卡Point estimation,点估计Poisson distribution,泊松分布Polish