2023年浙江省1月高考英语真题(解析版).docx
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1、2023年1月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语选择题部分第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题纸上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What will the speakers do next?A. Visit a friend.B. Pick up Billy.C. Buy some
2、 beans.【答案】C【解析】【原文】 M: Billy needs some beans fbr his science project at school. Maybe we can stop by a store on our way home.W: Lets go to Greens. Its just around the corner.M: Okay.2 .【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】Who is Andy Clarks?A. A public librarian.B. A TV actor.C. A famous lawyer.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: Hi, S
3、tephen, guess who I saw at the city library? Andy Clarkes the leading actor in The Good Lawyer 一the famous TV series.M: What was he doing there? His popularity has slipped since the final season of the show.3 .【此处可播放相关音频,请去附件查看】What are the speakers talking about?A. Gifts fbr Jason.B. A baseball gam
4、e.C. The womans retirement.cA machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israefs former national debating champion.Brillian
5、t though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fiindamcntal problem.
6、As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: Theres never a stage at which the system knows what its talking about.What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least inte
7、lligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, r
8、eading and writing, also work with symbols. But fbr humans, meaning is everything. When wc communicate, wc communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.Meaning emerges through a process of soci
9、al interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machine
10、s. And thats why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confiicius will not end with artificial intelligence.28. Why docs the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?A. To explain the use of a software program.B. To show the cleverness of P
11、roject Debater.C. To introduce the designer of Project Debater.D. To emphasize the fairness of the competition.29. What docs the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Arguments.B. Doubts.C. Errors.D. Differences.3(). What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?A. Create
12、 rules.B. Comprehend meaning.C. Talk fluently.31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?D. Identify difficult words.A. Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.B. The human brain has potential yet to be developed.C. Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.D. Artificial inte
13、lligence ensures humans a bright future.【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israels former natio
14、nal debating champion.(上周, 在I日 金山的一场公开辩论中,一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手,其中包括以色列前全 国辩论冠军Noa Ovadiao )”可知,作者在第段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。 故选B.【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段的 aBrilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt a
15、rguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明,但它也有一峭弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取 句子,并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“willnodoublbeironedoul(亳无疑问 会被解决)”可知,划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正,被解决,划线词wrinkles的意思是“错 误”,和errors意思相近,故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的What Hamm
16、ond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not spe
17、cify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond 所指的是意义的问 题,而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串 符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上,对于计算机来说,意义是 无关紧要的。)”可知,根据Hammond的说法,Project Debater不能理解意义,故选31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的Meaning emerges through a process of social in
18、teraction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The niles that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社 会互动的过程,而不是计算的过程,这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存
19、在于 我们的头脑中,也存在于社会之外,存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知,从最后一段我们 能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot o
20、f space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they havent given much thought to what they put under them. Often, theyll end up filling th
21、e area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.“Solar projects need to be good neighbors/ says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reducti
22、ons on the Environment InSPIRE)prqjcct. They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy. InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact“ solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One
23、 of the easiest low- impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed
24、 laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines fbr home gardens, businesses, schools, citiesand now there are guidelines fbr solar farms.Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the s
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