初二英语语法知识要点.pdf

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1、初二英语语法总结 1 leave 的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”;例如：When did you leave Shanghai 你什么时候离开上海的 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”;例如：Next Friday,Alice is leaving for London.下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了;3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”2 情态动词 should“应该”学会使用 should 作为情态动词用,常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等,有“竟会”的意思,例如：How should I know 我怎么知道 Why should you

2、be so late today 你今天为什么来得这么晚 should 有时表示应当做或发生的事,例如：We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助;我们在使用时要注意以下几点：1.用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念;此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈;例如：You should be here with clean hands.你应该把手洗干净了再来;2.用于提出意见劝导别人;例如：You should go to the doctor if you feel ill.如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生;3.用于表示可能性;should 的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一;例

3、如：We should arrive by supper time.我们在晚饭前就能到了;She should be here any moment.她随时都可能来;3 What.与 Which.1.what 与 which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,但是 what 仅用来询问职业;如：What is your father 你父亲是干什么的 该句相当于：What does your father do What is your fathers job Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人;如：-Which is Peter 哪个是皮特 -The boy behind Mary.玛丽

4、背后的那个男孩;2.What.是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which.是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制;如：What color do you like best 所有颜色 你最喜爱什么颜色 Which color do you like best,blue,green or yellow 有特定的范围 你最喜爱哪一种颜色 3.what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词;如：Which pictures are from China 哪些图片来自中国 4 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：always 总是,一直 usually 通常 often 常常,经

5、常 sometimes 有时候 never 从不 2.频度副词的位置：a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面;如：David is often arrives late for school.大卫上学经常迟到;b.放在行为动词前;如：We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天经常在 7：10 去上学;c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾,用来表示强调;如：Sometimes I walk home,sometime I rides a bike.有时我步行回家,有时我骑自行车;放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装;如：Never have I been

6、 there.5 every day 与 everyday 1.every day 作状语,译为“每一天”;如：We go to school at 7:10 every day.我们每天 7：10 去上学;I decide to read English every day.我决定每天读英语;2.everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”;She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语;Whats your everyday activity 你的日常活动是什么 6 什么是助动词 1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫

7、助动词 Auxiliary Verb;被协助的动词称作主要动词Main Verb;助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如：He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语;doesnt 是助动词,无词义；like 是主要动词,有词义 2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来：a.表示时态,例如：He is singing.他在唱歌;He has got married.他已结婚;b.表示语态,例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英国;c.构成疑问句,例如：Do you like college life 你喜欢大学生活吗 Did you study Eng

8、lish before you came here 你来这儿之前学过英语吗 d.与否定副词 not 合用,构成否定句,例如：I dont like him.我不喜欢他;e.加强语气,例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会;He did know that.他的确知道那件事;3.最常用的助动词有：be,have,do,shall,will,should,would 7 forget doing/to do 与 remember doing/to do to do 忘记要去做某事;未做 forget doing 忘记做过某事;已做

9、The light in the office is still on.He forgot to turn it off.办公室的灯还在亮着,它忘记关了;没有做关灯的动作 He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了;已做过关灯的动作 Dont forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来;to come 动作未做 典型例题 -The light in the office is still on.-Oh,I forgot_.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having

10、turned it off 答案：C;由 the light is still on 可知灯亮着,即关灯的动作没有发生,因此用 forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了,而自己忘记了这一事实;此处不符合题意;to do 记得去做某事 未做 remember doing 记得做过某事 已做 Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮 8 Its for sb.和 Its of sb.sb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如 easy,hard,difficult,in

11、teresting,impossible 等：Its very hard for him to study two languages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的;sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如 good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right;Its very nice of you to help me.你来帮助我,你真是太好了;与 of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子;如果道理上通顺用 of,不通则用 for;如：You are nice.通顺,所以应用 of;He is hard.人是

12、困难的,不通,因此应用 for;9 对两个句子的提问 新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问;例如：句子：The boy in blue has three pens.提问：has three pens boy has three pens does the boy in blue have 很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性;再如：句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.提问：usually goes to the park w

13、ith his friends at 8:00 on Sunday does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday 10 so、such 与不定冠词的使用 与不定冠词 a、an 连用,结构为“so+

14、形容词+a/an+名词”;如：He is so funny a boy.Jim has so big a house.与不定冠词 a、an 连用,结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”;如：It is such a nice day 11 使用-ing 分词的几种情况 1.在进行时态中;如：They were dancing at nine oclock last night.2.在 there be 结构中;如：There is a boy swimming in the river.3.在 have fun/problems 结构中;如：We have fun learning English this term.4.在介词后面;如：Thanks for helping me.