初中英语语法归纳.pdf

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1、 初 中 英 语 语 法 归 纳(连 词)(总 5 页)-本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可-内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小-2 初中英语语法归纳：连词 初中英语学习最难的是语法，因为英语的语法跟汉语的语法有很大的不同。初中英语连词有很多种。下面为大家讲解一下初中英语连词的用法。连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。第一类表示并列关系的连词 并列连词：并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。1)and 和 判断改错：(错)They sat down and talk about something.(

2、错)They started to dance and sang.(错)I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there.(对)They sat down and talked about something.(对)They started to dance and sing.(对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there.解析：第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以 talk 应改为 talked。第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略 to，因此 sang 应改为

3、 sing。第三句：and 连接感观动词 saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper 应改为 whispering。注意：1.and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。(or 也有此用法)Make up your mind,and youll get the chance.=If you make up your mind,youll get the chance.One more effort,and youll succeed.=If you make one more effort,youll succeed 2,A and B 当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用

4、单数,当 and 连接的单数名词前分别有 each，every，many 等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。bread and butter a knife and fork The mother and teacher is very strict with her son.No teacher and no student is allowed to smoke in class.3.and 连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气 Read it again and again 2)both and 两者都 She plays(both)the piano and the guitar

5、.3)neithernor 意思为既不也不谓语动词采用就近原则，与 nor 后的词保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame.3 4)not onlybut(also)不但而且 She plays not only the piano,but(also)the guitar.注意：not only but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词 not 而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories,but also he can even write some.5)as well as 以及，也，与同样 The tea

6、cher,as well as the students,is interested in the activity.比较 and 和 or 1)并列结构中，or 通常用于否定句，and 用于肯定句。2)但有时 and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the moon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用 or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用 and。第二类表示选择关系的连词 1)or 意思为或则。Which do you prefer,tea,

7、coffee,or juice 2)eitheror 意思为或者或者。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。Either you or I am right.3)or else/otherwise 否则 Be silent,or else you will be kicked out.I am tired,otherwise,I would play.第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词 1)but 但是 He is rich but unhappy.while 然而，表示对比意味 Some people love cats,while others hate them.yet 然而 She said she

8、would be late,yet she arrived on time.however 然而，可是，不过 She does not like him,however,I like him.2)notbut 意思为不是 而是 not 和 but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。They were not the bones of an animal,but(the bones)of a human being.第四类表因果关系的连词 1)for 因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。He is absent today,for he is

9、ill.2)so,therefore 因此 He hurt his leg,so he couldnt play in the game.I think,therefore I am 3)then 那么，因而 4 Hide behind the wall,then they wont see you.注意：a.两个并列连词不能连用，但 therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。You can watch TV,and or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg,and so/and therefore he couldnt play in the

10、game.b.although yet，但 although 不与 but 连用。(错)Although he was weak,but he tried his best to do the work.(对)Although he was weak,yet he tried his best to do the work.从属连词 从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词 1)that 引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。He said(that)he would come

11、.宾语从句 His mother told me(that)he is a good boy.间接引语 That she is still alive is true.主语从句 2)if/whether 是否 I wonder if he is at home.I ask him whether he would come.注意：只可以用 whether 的情况 介词后面 It will depend on whether it rains tomorrow.whetheror not 固定搭配 Let me know whether you come or not.动词不定式前 I dont

12、 know whether to accept his advice.第二类引导状语从句的从属连词 1)连接时间状语从句的从属连词 before 在之前 The war had been over before he came to China.after 在之后 He came to China after the war was over.since 自从 I have lived in this city since I was born.when/while 当 The teacher entered the classroom,when all the students were p

13、laying When I came into this room,I found him lying bed asleep(while 后接的动词是延续性的动词)as 当 I saw her as I was getting on the bus.till/until 直到 I didnt go to sleep until/till I finished my homework.as soon as 一就 As soon as he saw the policeman,the thief run away.2)连接地点状语从句的从属连词 where 在哪里 There were lots

14、of parks where I lived.5 3)连接原因状语从句的从属连词 because 原因,用于解释某事的原因，动机，强调直接原因和因果关系 I do it because I like it.for 表因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释 I soon went to sleep,for I was tired since 表原因，比 because 弱，比 as 强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为“既然 as 表原因时，意义最弱 As you are in poor health,you should do more exercises 4)连接结果状语从句的从属连词 soth

15、at 如此以至于 He is so kind that everybody likes him.suchthat He is such a kind man that everybody likes him 5)连接目的状语从句的从属连词 that/so that/in order that 为了 Speak clearly that/so that/in order that they may understand you.6)连接条件状语从句的从属连词 if 如果 If it rains tomorrow,we wont go on a picnic.unless 除非(如果不)He wi

16、ll come unless it rains.in case 万一 You may call this number in case I am not at home 7)连接比较状语从句的从属连词 than 比 Its easier than I thought.as/soas和一样 She is as tall as you.He is not as/so tall as his wife.8)连接方式状语从句的从属连词 as 按照 Do as I told you.Take things as they are.as if/though 仿佛 He behaves as if/though he was a child.9)引导让步状语从句的从属连词 although/though 尽管 Although Japan is small,the population is big.even if 即便 Even if it was snowing heavily,we went on running.6