2022北京育英学校高二（上）期末英语（教师版）.docx

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1、2022北京育英学校高二（上）期末英 语（本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时长90分钟。）第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。Outside our hotel in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, a seemingly ancient woman waited beside the door with her hand outstretched （伸 出 ）.Every day I put my hand in

2、hers as our eyes met. She never 1 to return my smile, my grasp, and my greeting.On the last day of our visit, I found myself 2 on a busy comer across the street from our hotel. Bicycles and motorbikes rushed in front of me. We had been advised to walk straight through the heavy traffic without looki

3、ng right or left. Let them 3 us. But tonight I was by myself and felt 4 to face the stream of vehicles. As I hesitated on the sidewalk, I felt a hand on my elbow and looked down to see the smile of my small beggar friend looking up at me. She nodded her head toward the street, indicating that she wo

4、uld take me across. Together, we moved slowly into the chaos.Then wc moved on towards the sidewalk, where she pulled my face down to hers, kissed me on both checks, and then walked away, still smiling and waving back to me. I had not given her a single coin. We had 5 something vastly more important

5、a wanning of hearts in friendship.Traveling in poorer nations, I have witnessed a variety of ways to deal with beggars. The most common response of tourists faced with those extremely poor people is to ignore them and fbcus their eyes elsewhere. I have seen people push away an outstretched hand in 6

6、. A few may hurriedly drop a few coins, and then make aquick getaway in hopes that another 20 ragged beggars won,t immediately appear on the 7.For many reasons, giving money is not the best response to an outstretched hand. The greatest gift is time and respect. To look beggars in the eye and smile,

7、 thus acknowledging their existence, is a small thing. Putting your hand into anothers outstretched hand and grasping it 8 fbr a moment is also a small thing. But these are important. Everyone needs 9、to be seen as worthy of being 1 0, to feel appreciated and loved.And I believe that everyone is wor

8、thy and worth knowing.1. A. attemptedB. wantedC. managedD. failed2. A. freeB. aloneC. lostD.exposed3. A. avoidB. stopC. leadD. direct4. A. unwillingB. inadequateC. inappropriateD. unfit5. A. earnedB. sharedC. expectedD. undertaken6. A. anxietyB. desperationC. annoyanceD.sadness7. A. streetB. comerC.

9、 wayD.scene8. A. firmlyB. casuallyC. cautiouslyD. eagerly参考答案第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在越南遇到的一个女乞丐，在对女乞丐给予施舍的同时，乞丐也 回馈作者的帮助。让作者感到每个人都需要认可，需要被了解，需要被欣赏和被爱。作者也相信每个人都有 价值，值得了解。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她总是回应我的微笑、握手和问

10、候。A. attempted试图，尝试；B. wanted想要； C managed 设法，努力做;D. failed 失败、未能。根据上文 “Every day I put my hand in hers as our eyes met.” （每天，当我们的目光相遇时，我都会把手放在她的手中）可知，作者主动去招呼女人，以及下文女乞丐的友好可知，她从来没有不回应作者的微笑、握手和问候。故选D项。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在我们参观的最后一天，我发现自己独自一人在酒店对面一个繁忙的街角。A. free免费的，自由的;B. alone独自的；C. lost迷失的；D. exposed暴

11、露的。根据下文M tonight I was by myself n 可知，作者独自一人。故选B项。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有人建议我们径直穿过拥挤的车流，不要看左右。让他们避开我们。A.avoid避 开；B. stop阻止；C. lead带领；D. direct引导。由上文解析“被告知在穿过拥挤的车流时不要看左右”， 结合句意，“他们避开我们”，为递进关系。故选A项。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但今晚，我独自一人，面对车流感到力不从心。A. unwilling不情愿的；B. inadequate信心不足的；不充分的；C. inappropriate不合适的;D. unf

12、it不合适的。由But tonight I was by mysclP可知今晚是作者一个人过马路，结合句意可知，作者是感到力不从心了。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们分享了更重要的东西一一友谊之心的温暖。A.earned挣钱；B.shared分享； C. expected期望；D. undertaken进行。根据上文“I had not given her a single coin.”可知作者没给她钱，结合 句意分享了更重要的东西。故选B项。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我见过有人恼怒地推开别人伸出的手。A. anxiety焦虑；B. desperation绝望；C.

13、 annoyance 恼怒；D. sadness 悲伤。根据上文 wignore them and fbcus their eyes elsewhere v 可知,人们忽视他 们，对他们感到很厌烦。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后迅速走开，希望不会再出现另外20个衣衫褴褛的乞丐。A. street街道；B. comer拐角；C. way方式，方法；D. scene场景。由句意可知，on the scene 在现场”为固定短语。故选D 项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：把你的手放在别人伸出的手里，紧紧地握一会儿，这也是小事。A. firmly牢固地； B. casuall

14、y随意地；C. cautiously小心地:D. eagerly热切地。此处为副词修饰动词grasp。根据句意，结合选 项意思应为“紧紧地握着，BCD与句意不符。故选A项。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都需要认可。A. motivation动机；B. encouragement鼓励；C. recognition U 可；D. commitment承诺。根据上文“thus acknowledging their existence”可知，承认他们的存在和认可意思 一致。故选C项。【10题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都需要认可，需要被了解，需要被欣赏和被爱。A. liked喜欢

15、；B. trusted 信任；C. accepted接受；D. known 了解。根据下文“worth knowing.”可知,每个人都值得被了解。故选D 项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】I L had collected12. which#thatwas encouraged13. what【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍美国著名游泳运动员菲利普斯。11题详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到菲尔普斯31岁退役时，他已经在奥运会上获得了 23枚金牌，3枚银牌和2枚铜 牌，这一纪录在未来很多年都不太可能被打破。该句是复合句，含Bythelime”到时候”引导

16、的时间状语 从句，从句是一般过去时态，主句动作先于从句动作，所以用过去完成时。故填had collected。【12题详解】考查定语从句。句意：到菲尔普斯31岁退役时，他已经在奥运会上获得了 23枚金牌.，3枚银牌和2枚铜牌， 这一纪录在未来很多年都不太可能被打破。此处a record是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句没有主语，定语 从句由关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that.【13题详解】考查般过去时的被动语态和主谓致。句意：菲尔普斯小时候患有多动症，7岁时就被鼓励去游泳以控制 自己的精力。Phelps是句子主语，第三人称单数形式，和谓语动词encourage之间是被动关系

17、，是一般过去 时的被动语态。故填was encouraged。【14题详解】考杳宾语从句。句意：我试着去看我真正能做什么，我的潜力可以在哪里。动词see后面是宾语从句，从句 既缺少引导词，其谓语动词do缺少宾语，所填词要其双重作用，连接代词what符合句意。故填what。【答案】15. findingSo.Therefbre/Thus16. easily【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，分析了在雨天很难打到出租车的原因。【15题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:但是在雨天,人们很难打到出租车。have a hard time （in） doing表示“做有困 难”，故填 finding。16题详解】

18、考查副词/连词。句意：因此，在雨天，乘坐出租车的人更多。根据句意可知“人们喜欢在雨天打车”与“在 雨天，乘坐出租车的人更多”是因果关系，此处表示结果，故填So/Therefore/Thus。【17题详解】考查副词。句意:此外，拉客的出租车也较少，因为很多出租车司机赚够了钱提前I可家了。修饰动词reach 用副词，故填easily。【答案】18. developedinfluential19. to【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了儒家思想是由孔子在春秋时期发展起来的一套哲学和伦理体系以 及它国内外文化产生的影响。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：儒家思想是由孔子在春秋时期发展起来

19、的一套哲学和伦理体系。分析句子可知，该 空为非谓语动词形式，又由develop和Confucianism为被动关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填developed。19题详解】考查形容词。句意：儒家思想是一种哲学和伦理体系，它已成为中国文化的重要组成部分。此处修饰名词 part,应用形容词。故填influentialo【20题详解】考查介词。句意：世界各地的人们都可以在国外的孔子学院和中国文化中心接触到儒家思想。固定短语have access to ”接近,获得”。故填to。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）【答案】21. D22. B 23. C【解

20、析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。旨在通过介绍一些医药公司以便招募一些作医药研究的人。【21题详解】推理判断题。考查此类题型中的目的意图。首段首句Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you.和尾句 Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.我们的一些研究项目需要你这 样大方的人来参与；看看适合你的空缺位置。下文最后一段也有说明recruiting,招募新人。说明此篇文 章的目的意图是为研究项目招募志愿者。故选D。【22题详解】细

21、节理解题。审题得知关键词是OVG的目的是。可定位于此：OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, OVG 目标指向培育新的改进了 的疫 苗以便阻止成人和小孩被感染。可知OVGZIDDDDDDDDDD。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。审题定位于此:The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recrui

22、ting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making.这里关键词信息是 recruiting 和 participate in computer-based experimentsQ LQDODDDDDaDDQQDaDDaD 。所 以故选 C。【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己参加学生会主席竞选演讲的经历

23、。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wished I had never even thought of this stupid idea of running fbr student body president. That was a month ago, before I found out that I would have to speak in front of the entire school.“可知， 作者之前没想到参加竞选还需要在全校面前发表演讲，所以她感到自己当初参加竞选很傻。所以故为什么作 者认为参加选举是愚蠢的是因为她没有想到会有这么多观众。C项正确。【2

24、5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的 uIt would only be a few hours before the embarrassing results would come out, and that wasnt even the worst of my worries. What would everyone say? What would my parents think when I told them that I lost the election? They were so proud of me; I would never be able to tell them.

25、Everyone was counting on me, my teachers, my fhends, even ihe principal.”可知，只要几个小时，尴尬的结果就会出来，这还不是我最担心 的。大家会怎么说？如果我告诉我父母我竞选失败了，他们会怎么想？他们为我感到骄傲，我永远无法 告诉他们。每个人都指望着我，我的老师，我的朋友，甚至是校长。所以作者最担心的是如果自己演讲失 败会让关心她的人失望，故B项正确。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And as I delivered that speech, a new and strange realization came

26、 to me. I had captured their attention and fbr a moment-they belonged to me.”而知，当作者走上讲台演讲时，她发现观众认 真聆听，事情没有她原以为的那么糟糕。由此我们能从作者的经历中学到事情可能没有你想的那么糟。故D 项正确。【答案】27. B 28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，一项研究表明，植物在压力下会发出超声波叫声，这可能会开辟一 个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。【27题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的On average, drought-stressed

27、 tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.w （平均来说，干旱压力下的番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个 声音。），可知缺水番茄比烟草更敏感，干旱条件下，番茄植株发声多。故选B项。【28题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第二段The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not t

28、oo costly to set up the recording in a field situation ” （干旱压力 卜 植物发出的声音可以用于精准农业的建议，如果在田间条件下设置录音成本不太高的话，这一建议似乎是可 行的。）和最后一段中的She warns that the results cant yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no exper

29、iments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative （推 测的）for now, she says.（她警告说，研究结果还不能扩大到其他压力，如盐或温度，因为这些可能不会导 致声音。此外，她还说，目前还没有实验证明飞蛾或其他动物是否能听到并对植物发出的声音做出反应，所 以这个想法目前仍然是推测性的。），可推断出AnneVisscher对实验的发现抱有谨慎的态度。故选C项。【29题详

30、解】推理判断题。由第一段中的 “But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen fbr water- staged crops. （但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一 个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第五段中的“

31、The researchers trained a machine- learning model to discriminate between the plants* sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sounds intensity and frequency.（研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物

32、的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，根据 声音的强度和频率，在大多数情况下正确地识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的。），可推断出此研究可以帮 助人们更快地诊断出植物状况。故选C项。【30题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen fbr wat

33、er- staged crops. （但现在，有人首次记录到它们在压力下会发出超声波叫声，研究人员说，这可能会开辟一 个精确农业的新领域，让农民们倾听缺水作物的声音。）和第二段“Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. （以色列

34、特拉维夫大学的伊扎克哈伊特和他的同事们发现，番 茄和烟草植物在缺水或茎被割下时发出的叫声频率是人类听不到的。），可知文章讲的是植物会在压力下发 出人类听不到的超声波叫声，所以B选项“植物在压力下尖叫”，为短文最佳标题。故选B项。【答案】31. B 32. D 33. A 34. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况卜才能奏 效。【31题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Bui managers always have to balance the merits of teamwork, which help ensure that e

35、veryone is working towards the same goal, with the dangers of “groupthink，when some dont point out the faults of a plan to fit in with others. When people arc aware of the views of others, there is a tendency for them to follow, as participants are reluctant to look foolish”可知，但是，管理者总是必须平衡团队合作的优点，这有

36、助 于确保每个人都朝着同一个目标努力，同时也有群体思维的危险，因为有些人为了与他人保持一致而没有指 出计划中的不足之处，当人们了解到他人的观点时，他们就有一种追随的倾向，此处解释原因一一因为他们 不愿意偏离多数人的观点（与别人的观点不同）而显得愚蠢，由此可知画线词词义为“不同于，故B项 正确。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的The intennittent collaborators found the right result as often as the individualists, and got a better a verage so lut ion可知，这三位美国学者在

37、研究中发现间歇性的合作者和个体主义者一样经常 找到正确的结果，并得到更好的平均解决方案，也就说他们发现偶尔的合作可以提升绩效，故D项正确。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Fashion houses with co-creative directors are rated as less creative by industry experts than brands that were individually led.”可知,行业专家认为,与单人领导的品牌相比,拥有联合创意总 监的时装公司的创意更少，由此可知，单人领导（单一权威）的时装公司更具创意，故A项正确。【34题详解】主旨

38、大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是团队合作并不总是凑效，研究发现其只有在人们偶尔合作情况 下才能奏效，故B项（团队合作何时凑效？）适合作文章标题。故B项正确。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）【答案】35. F 36. A 37. B 38. D 39. E【解析】【分析】本文是一片议论文，主要通过作者自己的经历来说明公共图书馆不可取代。【35题详解】根据上文，Nothing could be farther from the truth.这个（观点）离谱得很。作者不同意上面的观点，继而表明 自己的观点：事实上，就是因为网络，公共图书馆才比以往更被需要。故选F项。【36题详解】根据上文

39、We hear so much about false news”.我们听到那么多“错误的新闻”，再根据下文Librarians are thereto help.图书管理员可以帮助我们。可知，我们在网络上会获得很多信息，但是我们不知道这些信息是 否准确，但是我们可以到公共图书馆去，那里的信息来源很可信。故选A项。【37题详解】根据下文 It helps connect people with the resources they need to find a job, continue their education, and learn new skiHs.它帮助人们连接找工作，继续教育以

40、及学习新技能所需要的资源。可.知，这一段是表明公共图书馆时 人们生活的积极影响，即帮助改善人们的生活，而且放在首句，起中心句的作用。故选B项。【38题详解】根据本段第一句话（中心句）可知，本段的大意是公共图书馆不仅仅只是书本和信息。结合上文Yes, there are public computers, Internet access, movies, music, programs and a thousand other things.确实，那儿有公用电 脑，网络联网，电影，音乐，节目以及其他好多东西，结合下文They arc places where people feel safe a

41、nd welcomed.他们也是让人们感到安全，感到受欢迎的地方。上文讲的是有形的方面，下文将无形的方面，中 间缺少一个过渡，表明公共图书馆不仅仅是有形的，他们的意义和关联性不仅仅如此。故选D项。【39题详解】根据上文 Some of the best memories of my childhood involve going to the local library and in speaking with many others in the neighborhood, they too have those same memories. They are presently makin

42、g those same memories with their children and their grandchildren.我童年时期的一些最好的回忆涉及的是去公共图书馆，并且跟附近 的许多人闲谈，那些人也有（跟我样的）回忆。他们现在也在跟他们的后代创造类似的回忆。可知，公共 图书馆连接了人与人之间的关系。故选E项。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）答案40. The sharing industry is an economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or fbr a fee.41. B

43、ecause it offers environmentally-friendly means of transportation to people in cities.42. Shared services arc getting increasingly popular fbr their convenience, but there arc still calls fbr expansion to wider areas because they are currently restricted to machines.According to the passage, present

44、ly shared services include not only machines but also smaller, less heavy items, such as ties and umbrellas.43. （1） Sharing books is a good type of shared services. People can share and read the books they like without pay or with only a little money, so that they will improve their knowledge and en

45、rich their life. Thus I think it is well worth spreading.（2） Sharing platforms is a good type of shared services. For example, resources can be shared there. Another example is that in a community, old people can leam how to use computers and smartphones with the help of it. Thus I think it is well

46、worth spreading.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了共享服务的理念及发展，指出共享服务需要更多的想象力，人 们正在呼吁将共享服务扩展到越来越多的地区。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段The sharing industry is an emerging, highly flexible economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or for a fee.（共享产业是一个新兴的、高度灵活的经济网络，允许 人们免费或收费共享资源）”可知，共享产业是一个经济网络，允许人

47、们免费或收费共享资源。故答案为The sharing industry is an economic network that allows people to share resources, either free or fbr a fee.41题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“This kind of transportation is so environmentally-friendly that it is increasingly popularamongpeople in many cities.（这种交通工具非常环保，在很多城市越来越受欢迎）”可知，因为共享交 通为城市里

48、的人们提供了环保的交通工具，所以受到了人们的关注。故答案为Because it offers environmentally-friendly means of transportation to people in cities.【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据文章第四段中的The real pay-off in shared services probably lies in renting out smaller, less heavy items.（共享服务的真正|可报可能在于出租较小、较轻的物品）”和“So some companies, would let you pick up

49、a tie when you needed it and only when you needed it.（因此，一些公司会让你在需要的时候挑选领带， 而且只在你需要的时候）”以及4 Another example is an umbrella-sharing service.（另一个例子是雨伞共享服务）” 可知，共享服务并不仅仅是局限于机器，因为现在的共享服务不仅包括机器，还包括较小、较轻的物品，如 领带和雨伞。所以题干中的“they arc currently restricted to machines （它们目前仅限于机器）”错误，应在此 处画下划线，原因是现在的共享服务不仅包括机器，还包括较小、较轻的物