2022届安徽省马鞍山市高三上学期期末考试(一模)(1月)英语(解析版).docx
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1、安徽省马鞍山市2022届高三第一次教学质量监测英语试题第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AThe Childrens Climate Prize(CCP) has been given every year since 2016 to a person between the ages of 12 and 17 who has madc44cxtraordinary cffbrtsnto improve life on the planet fbr children now and
2、 in the future. Here are some of the finalists this year.Yash NarayanYash Narayan, 17,from California ,the US created a smartphone app called DeepWaste. Yash realized (hat a lot of waste could be avoided if people had a simple system for deciding what could be recycled,and what was truly garbage. Us
3、ers who download the app can use their phones camera to quickly find out the best way to get rid of something.Fernanda BarrosSixteen-year-old Fernanda Barros is from Par,Brazil,where she helped start the group Fridays For Future Amazonia(FFFA). Brazils Amazon rainforest is seriously threatened.FFFA
4、is working to protect the rainforest.Lesein MutunkeiLesein Mutunkci,a 17-year-old from Nairobi,Kenya started a project called Trees For Goals(T4G).It encourages soccer teams to plant II trees fbr every goal scored (one for each player). Already,over 1,500 trees have been planted,and Lesein is workin
5、g to spread the idea further. He would really like to get the soccer group FIFA to back the idea.Anjali SharmaSeventeen-year-old Anjail Shama from Melbourne,Australia took Australias Environment Minister to court in an attempt to stop a coal mine from being expanded. The case resulted in the court s
6、aying that the government had akiduty of carcto protect young people. It has inspired others to use the courts to force action on the climate crisis.1. Who developed a mobile application ?A. Yash Narayan.B. Fernanda Barros.C. Lesein Mutunkei.D. Anjali Sharma.delivered backpacks full of school suppli
7、es, clothing and shoes fbr Cayden and Ceniyah in early August. t4At the time, I didnt have anything fbr my kids to start school J said Starks” (8 月初,家里的一个朋友给凯登和塞尼亚 送去了装满学习用品、衣服和鞋子的背包,之后她(斯塔克斯)就决定提供编辫子服务。“当时,我没有任 何东西供孩子上学,”斯塔克斯说)和第三段“The unexpected gift made a big difference (o Starks and her childre
8、n, and it motivated her to pay it forward.(这个意想不到的礼物对斯塔克斯和她的孩子们产生了巨大的 影响,也激励她把它传递下去。)可知,朋友的及时帮助让Brittany Starks开始她的编辫子服务。故选B项。 5.推理判断题。根据文章第三段 Starks 的话“The hair-braiding process involves washing, blow-drying, and finally dividing the hair into small sections and braiding it. It also requires multip
9、le supplies including combs, brushes, hair jam and additional pieces of hair to weave in. It costs anywhere from$ 150 (o $400 at a salon (美发厅), dependingonthestyle,”(编发过程包括清洗、吹干,最后将头发分成小块编发。它还需要多种用品,包括 梳子、刷子、发卡和额外的头发来编织。费用从15。美元到400美元沙龙(美发厅),根据不同的风格)可 推知,编辫子并不是简单的事情,还有一点小贵。故选A项。6. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数笫二段关键句
10、When she wrote the Facebook post, she assumed only a handful of people would reach out, but before she knew it, she had 35 appointments booked. (当她在 Facebook 上发帖时, 她以为只有少数人会联系她,但在她知道之前,她已经被预约了 35次。)及“Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messages from single parents (她的Facebook收件箱突然塞满了来自单亲父母的信息)可知
11、,Starks 认为Facebook上的回应出乎意料。故选B项。7. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句Theres a huge need fbr this.(这有巨大的需求。)及“Given that there was less than two weeks before the start of school, Starks knew she needed to enlist help.(考虑至ij 离开学不至l两 周的时间,斯塔克斯知道她需要寻求帮助。)可推知,Starks需要寻求帮助来进行自己的服务。故选C项。 8. A9. D 10. D11. C【解析】【分析】这是篇说明文。文
12、章主要说明了 Carlos Burel。和其团队对生活在离海很远的红树林进行了研究,发现了 它们离海岸这么远生存的原因以及这一研究的重要意义。8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Carlos Burelo was among them. He became curious about these mangroves on a childhood fishing trip.(Carlos Burelo就是其中之一。在童年的一次钓鱼之旅中,他对这些红树林产生了好奇广 可知,孩提时代的钓鱼之旅,一种典型的树吸引了 Burelo的注意。故选A。9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This biologist
13、is part of a team that went on to discover where those mangroves came from.(这位生物学家是一个小组的成员,他们继续探索这些红树林的来源)”以及第三段中“Burens team first collected leaves from these mangroves. (Burelo 的团队首先收集 了这些红树林的叶子)”可知,Burelo 的团队要研究红树林的叶子是为了获得树的起源的科学证据。故选Do10. 主旨大意题。根据第四段The team shared its findings in the Proceeding
14、s of the National Academy of Sciences on October 12-Morc than 100,000 years ago, the world was warmer and Sea levels higher. In fact, sea levels reached about 9 meters above todays levels. As a result, land on what is now the Yucatan Peninsula flooded. That allowed coastal mangroves to move inland.
15、When the world cooled again, the mangroves were stuck for from the coast.(10月12日,该团队在美国国家科学院院刊上分享了他们的发现。10万多年前,地球温度更高, 海平面也更高。事实上,当时的海平面比现在高9米。结果,现在Yucat如半岛上的土地被淹没了。这使 得沿海红树林向内陆迁移。当世界温度再次下降,红树林被困在海岸)“可知,第四段主要讲的是这种喜欢 海洋的树是如何远离海岸的。故选D。11. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“of these trees is striking”以及Although they normal
16、ly live in seawater, they*ve survived all this time inland.”可知,虽然这些树通常生.活在海水中,但它们一直在内陆生存,可见它们自适 应能力非常惊人。故画线词意思是“自适应能力故选C。12. DC13. BA【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现运动燃烧的卡路里比预期的要少,据估计,对于超重的人来说, 在高强度活动期间燃烧的卡路里有半会在稍后得到补偿。文章介绍了研究的发现以及专家对此的看法。12.细节理解题。根据笫一段中“A study has found that when people burn extra calo
17、rics by working out, the body starts to compensate by reducing the amount of energy spent on functions to stay alive, such as sleeping or digestion.(一项研究发现,当人们通过锻炼燃烧额外的卡路里时,身体开始通过减少用于维持生命的功能如 睡眠或消化的能量来进行补偿)”可知,这项研究表明,运动燃烧的卡路里比预期的要少是因为它们是由身 体补偿的。故选D。13. 推理判断题。根据第二段Researchers at the University of Roe
18、hampton found that the calories the body burns to keep ticking over decrease by 28 per cent during periods when daily exercise levels are consistently high. This means the more we exercise over the long-term, the less calories our bodies bum for the most rudimentary activities. The results show that
19、 only 54 per cent of the calories used by exercise or activity among people who have the highest body mass actually translated into calories burnt at the end of the day. due to their bodies reducing the energy spent on the most basic of functions. In contrast,70 percent of calorics burnt during acti
20、vity by those with the lowest body mass translated into more calories burnt at the end of the day.(罗汉普顿大学的研究人 员发现,当日常锻炼水平持续较高时,身体为维持正常运转而燃烧的卡路里会减少28%。这意味着我们长 期锻炼得越多,我们的身体在最基本的活动中消耗的卡路里就越少。结果显示,在体重最高的人群中,锻 炼或活动所消耗的热量中,只有54%在一天结束时转化为燃烧的热量,因为他们的身体在最基本的功能上 消耗的能量减少了。相比之下,那些身体质量最低的人在活动中燃烧的70%的卡路里转化为天结束时燃
21、烧的更多的卡路里)“可推知,作者通过提供统计数据展开第二段。故选C。14. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Professor Lewis Halsey, of the department of life sciences, said:Around the world, national guidelines tend to recommend a 500-600 calorie deficit through exercising and dieting to lose weight. However, they do not take into account the reduction o
22、f calories being burnt in the most basic of human functions as the body compensates for the calories burnt on the exercise as shown in our research, and the variation in this compensation between people with difterent levels of body fht.”(生命科学系的 Lewis Halsey 教 授说:“在世界范围内,国家指南倾向于建议通过锻炼和节食来减少500到600卡路
23、里的热最。然而,他们 没有考虑到在人类最基本的功能中所燃烧的卡路里的减少,正如我们的研究所显示的那样,身体会对运动 中燃烧的卜路里进行补偿,而且这种补偿在不同体脂水平的人之间存在差异。”)”可推知,Lewis Halsey认 为目前的国家减肥指南应该被修改。故选B。15. 主旨大意题。 根据最后 .段“In this study they found no differences between men and women in the energy lostduring activity. But since the research shows overweight people who
24、exercise burn significantly fewer calories on day-to-day functions, there is a need for greater personalisation of exercise plans depending upon body mass.(在 这项研究中,他们发现男性和女性在运动过程中失去的能量没有区别。但由于研究表明,超重的人在FI常 运动中消耗的卡路里明显较少,因此有必要根据身体质量制定更个性化的运动计划)”结合文章主要说明了 研究发现运动燃烧的卡路里比预期的要少,据估计,对于超重的人来说,在高强度活动期间燃烧的卡路里
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