北京市昌平区2022-2023学年高一上学期期末英语试题（解析版）.docx

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1、昌平区20222023学年高一年级第一学期期末质量抽测英语试卷本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答 无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节,30分）第一节：完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。“Sana, why dont you read this paragraph fbr us?” asked Miss Mehwish. Hesitantly, Sana stood up to read the para

2、graph. She was hesitant as she stammered （口吃），Em.Emma was stand.ing .” The class burst intoI “Sana,“ said Miss Mehwish, “Sana, sit down. Feeling 2, Sana sat down and Miss Mehwishasked someone else to 3 it.After the class, Sana went to the library to practice reading and overcome her inability. To go

3、 to the bookshelf, she walked 4 some of her classmates who were already sitting there.She heard them talk 5、Whal is she doing here? asked one. “She needs to work hard! laughedothers. Disappointed, Sana picked a book. She settled at the far coi ner of the library and started reading the book. After m

4、any attempts, she found that it was not possible for her to read fluently. She needed a lot of practice and guidance.Aliza, one of her classmates who was observing her for quite some lime, walked close to Sana and offered her6. Reluctantly （勉强地）,Sana agreed. So every day, whenever they got time, Ali

5、za went to teach Sana inreading.Soon Sana started to read fluently and she gained ：. A few weeks later. Miss Mehwish conducted areading test. When it was Sanas turn, to everyones 8. Sana read the paragraph without stammering orhesitation. Miss Mehwish praised Sana on her 9 reading ability.Sana thank

6、ed Aliza fbr helping her and realised that there are always two types of classmates: the ones whomake fun of you and the ones who help you _10_ your weaknesses.1. A. angerB. tearsC. cheersD. laughter2. A. surprisedB. worriedC. embarrassedD. pleased3. A. acceptB. cleanC. readD. use4. A. pastB. around

7、C. withD. over5 A. bravelyB. slowlyC. calmlyD. quietly6. A. helpB. timeC. moneyD. hope7. A. strengthB. confidenceC. supportD. honor8. A. regretB.shockC. shameD. relief9. A. improvedB. requiredC. identifiedD. hidden10. A. forgetB. findC. valueD. overcomeSo Vosshall and her colleagues gathered 64 volu

8、nteers and asked each of them to wear nylon stockings around their arms for six hours to collect their unique skin odor. They then placed two stockings into separate containers side by side, and released mosquitoes to see which stocking they moved toward. After pitting the different stockings with e

9、ach other, the team came out with a winner that was about 100 times more attractive than the last place slocking.The scientists repeated these experiments over three years with the same volunteers, finding that the volunteers attractiveness rating remained stable over time despite changes in diet or

10、 skin product usage.Then the scientists performed a chemical analysis on the stockings. Sure enough, they found that the stockings that were highly attractive to mosquitoes had high levels of carboxylic acids. If you have high levels of (his stuff on your skin, youre going to be the one at the picni

11、c getting all the bites J says VbsshalLThe scientists tried genetically changing ihe insects to reduce their sensitivity to (he acids. However, this did not affect the mosquitoes preferences.“I think this shows the fact that mosquitoes are choosing who to bite based on several odors from our skin.“I

12、t also shows outstanding performance in the olfactory (嗅觉的)system of the mosquito: when one receiver is disturbed, the relevant odor can still be found by a diflerent receiver,“ Vosshall says.Unfortunately, its difficult to change the production of carboxylic acids or other odorants without negative

13、ly affecting skin health, Vosshall says. And it is unlikely (hat any single product could change a persons skin odor to enable them to avoid mosquitoes entirely. Mosquitoes have many other plans to be able to find us and bite us. she says.31. What docs the underlined word “pitting“ in Paragraph 3 pr

14、obably mean?A. Mixing.B. Exchanging.C. Comparing.D. Covering.32. What can wc learn from the passage?A. Peoples attractiveness changes if they use difterent skin products.B. Mosquitoes have limited receivers to odors that are easily disturbed.C. People with high levels of carboxylic acids are more at

15、tractive to mosquitoes.D. Mosquitoes5 preferences can be changed if their sensitivity to the acids is reduced.33. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Carboxylic acids are harmful to skin health.B. Mosquitoes prefer people who dont use skin product.C. People have many plans to stay away from

16、 mosquitoes.D. Products changing skin odor can hardly prevent mosquitoes.34. Which would be the best title fbr this passage?A. Why are some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others?B What can people do to protect themselves from mosquitoes?C. When arc mosquitoes most sensitive to the acids?D

17、. How do mosquitoes impact peoples skin health?【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现较酸的气味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊 子。31题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段的“the different stockings with each other（不同的丝袜之间）和the team came out with a winner that was about 100 times more attractive than the last place stocking（这个团队最

18、终选出 了 比 倒数第名的长袜更吸引人100倍的冠军长袜）”可知，划线词所在的句子表示“在将不同的长筒袜相互 比拼后，该团队选出了比倒数第一名的长袜更吸引人100倍的冠军长袜”。由此可知，划线词pitting的 意思是“比较”，和comparing意思相近,故选C。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“Sure enough, they found that the stockings that were highly attractive to mosquitoes had high levels of carboxylic acids. uIf you have high levels

19、of this stuff on your skin, youre going to be the one at the picnic getting all the bites,“ says Vdsshall.（果不其然,他们发现对蚊子极具吸引力的长袜含 有大量的拨酸。“如果你皮肤上有大鼠的这种物质，你就会成为野餐时被咬伤的那个人， Vosshall 说）”可知，从文章中我们能了解到竣酸含量高的人对蚊子更有吸引力。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的And it is unlikely that any single product could change a persons

20、skin odor to enable them to avoid mosquitoes entirely.（而且，任何一种单一的产品都不太可能改变一个人的皮肤气味， 使他们能够完全避开蚊子）”可推知，改变皮肤气味的产品很难阻止蚊子。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的 “Scientists and ordinary people alike have long wondered why mosquitoes are more attracted to some people than others. Growing evidence suggests that a p

21、ersons unique odor （zplays a large part in it, with several odorants known as mosquito attractants. Now, the smell of carboxylic acids （竣酸）can be added to that list, researchers at Rockefeller University reported.（长期以来，科学家和普通 人都想知道为什么蚊子对某些人更有吸引力。越来越多的证据表明，一个人独特的气味在很大程度上起 着作用，有几种气味被称为蚊子引诱剂。现在，洛克菲勒大学的

22、研究人员报告称，粉酸的气味可以被添 加到这个列表中）”可知，文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现艘酸的气味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。由 此可知，“为什么有些人比其他人更吸引蚊子？ ”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。For many parents, it is not easy to ask for information from children about what they did at school all day.35 But other times, they k

23、eep silence or respond with a single word. It doesnt have to be so tough. With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up. 36Dont ask How was your day?”.This question often leads to one-word answers or a shrug. For many children, the question is too general and they dont want to t

24、hink about how to answer it with specifics.Share your own experiences.37 Dont shy away from sharing your challenging experiences. It will get the conversation started and help children understand their own emotions. Labeling that you are also having a stressful experience is a good chance to show th

25、em how they might do that.38Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, loo. Asking children （o share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way.Avoid distractions.Choose a time to talk when youll be able to listen to your

26、child. 39 Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when youre not paying full attention. Full focus will help you ask follow-up questions, which arc important to show interest.A. Dont rush to know everything.B. Sometimes, kids are happy to chat.C. Dont expect only positive experienc

27、es.D. Heres how to get them to tell you about their day.E. Put your phone down and avoid doing other chores.F. One way is to ask children to retell what they learned in school.G. Children may follow your lead if you share your own highlights and lowlights.【答案】35. B 36. D 37. G 38. C 39. E【解析】【导语】本文是

28、一篇说明文。文章讲述让孩子如何敞开心扉和你谈话的一些方法。【35题详解】根据下文“But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word.（但其他时候，他们保持沉默或只用 一句话回应。）”可推断出上文和此相反，B选项“有时候，孩子们很乐意聊天。”符合题意，并且 “Sometimes 呼应下文 otherlimes”,故选 B。【36题详解】根据上文 “With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up.（有了正确的策略，即使是最沉默的 孩子

29、也会敞开心扉。）”再结合下文的各个小标题，可知此处讲有一些方法可以让孩子敞开心扉，故D选 项“下面是如何让他们告诉你他们的一天。”符合题意，故选D,【37题详解】根据小标题“分享你自己的经历”可知本段主要讲关于怎样去分享自己的经历的，G选项“如果你分享你 自己的亮点和不足，孩子们可能会跟随你的脚步。”符合本段主旨，并且紧密连接下文，故选G。【38题详解】根据本段内容“Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, loo. Asking children to share negative as well as positi

30、ve emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way.（问 问你 孩子什么 时候感到失望、沮丧或悲伤。让孩子们分享消极和积极的情绪，可以帮助他们以一种更常规、压力更小的 方式解决问题。）”可知本段讲不但要分享积极的情绪，也要分享消极的情绪，C选项“不要只期待积极的 经历。”概况了本段主旨，故选C。【39题详解】根据上文 u Choose a time to talk when youll be able to listen to your child.（选择一个你能听孩 T说话的时间。） 可

31、知要选择不能分心的时间去听孩子说话，再结合下文“Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when you,re not paying full attention当你没有全神贯注的时候，孩子不太可能给出深思熟虑的答 案。）”，可推测出此处为说明你应该如何做才能不分心，E选项“放下手机，避免做其他家务”起到承上 启下的作用，故选E。第三部分：书面表达（共两节,32分）第一节：阅读表达（共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据文章内容及题目要求回答问题。Is it the

32、future worrying me? Did I hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts, causing anxiety and making us weak.The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the

33、 ones that I can connect to, and search up for materials in the kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy. but it leads me （o discover something I am good at, which 1 might have never tried othenvise.Cooking can work as a

34、 treatment, which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked about the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor mental health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back the feeling of joy and e

35、xcitement that has been long gone from their daily lives. Julia Ohana, an active expert in culinary therapy, talked about the significance cooking holds in terms of time control, communication, and problem-solving ability. She believes all these skills combined help people become less depressed and

36、more satisfied.The excitement when you work on a recipe is unexplainable. You look forward to what you are going to create from your own hands. You have the power to make something great, only depending on the direction you take and your cooking skills.40. What might be the result if we are caught i

37、n unnecessary worries?41. According to the experts, what benefits will cooking bring to people with poor mental health?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself

38、with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.43. Please briefly present some other ways to get rid of unnecessary worries. （In about 40 words）【答案】40. Causing anxiety and making us weak.41. Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.42. The author chooses to cook when he feels

39、 sad because he warns lo comfori himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.43. First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other

40、way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述烹饪和烘焙可以消除生活中不必要的烦恼。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段 “Is it the future worrying me? Did I hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts, cau

41、sing anxiety and making us weak.（我担 心的是未来吗?我是不是误伤了人?我是否对生活期望过高?我们经常陷入这些不必要的想法，引起焦虑， 使我们软弱）”可知，如果我们陷入不必要的担忧，就会引起焦虑并且使我们软弱，故答案为Causing anxiety and making us weak.。41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段 u Cooking can work as a treatment, which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked ab

42、out the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor mental health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back the feeling of joy and excitement that has been long gone from their daily lives.（烹饪可以作为一种治疗方法,这已经得到了 一些科学解释。心理健康专家谈到了烹饪和

43、烘焙给心理健康状况不佳的人带来的好处。通过烹饪，这些人 可以重新掌控自己的生活。他们可以找回从日常生活中消失已久的快乐和兴奋的感觉）”根据专家的说法, 烹饪会给心理健康状况不佳的人带来快乐和兴奋的感觉。故答案为Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement, o42题详解】考查推理判断。根据第二段The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the

44、ones that I can connect to, and search up for materials in ihe kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy. but it leads me to discover something I am good at. which I might have never tried otherwise.（在过去的几个 月里，我一直在逃避悲伤和沮丧

45、的想法。我阅读快速食谱，找到我能联系到的，并在厨房里寻找材料。每 次我切蔬菜的时候，就好像我在切掉我的问题。所有这一切不仅给我带来了巨大的快乐，而且还让我发现 了我所擅长的，否则我可能从未尝试过的事情）”可知作者选择做饭，不是作者用一顿好饭来安慰自己，而 是做饭给作者带来了快乐，发现了自己所擅长的，所以中间划线部分是错误的。故答案为The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings

46、 him happiness.43题详解】本题可有多种答案，仅供参考。这是我经常用来消除烦恼的两种方法：First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way fbr me （o get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes m

47、e feel easy and comfortable.第二节：书面表达（20分）根据题FI所提出的具体要求，在答题卡上写出一篇连贯完整的短文。词数不少于60。假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你的英国笔友Jim对于你校近期组织的线上体育课很感兴趣，请你根 据下面的信息给他回信，介绍线上体育课相关情况，内容包括：1 .线上体育课所需准备；2.课堂活动内容；3.个人收获与感受。信的开头结尾以为你写好，不计入总词数。Online PE ClassPreparationsa pair of comfortable shoesClass activitiesdo some warm-ups watch

48、videos on how to do sports practice doing different sportsBenefits and your feelings)ear Jim,Ive heard you are interested in our online PE class. Now Id like to introduce it to you.Thats all fbr our online PE class. If you want to know more, contact me!Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,Ive heard you are interested in our online PE class. Now Id like to introduce it to you.First of all, wc need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes for online PE class. PE teachers demonstrate movements and techniques on videos and st