水污染控制工程 中英词汇表3.docx

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1、第四单元Physical unit operations 物理单元操作 Chemical unit processes 化工单元过程Biological treatment processes 生物处理工艺 aerobic or anaerobic processes 需氧或厌氧过程Anaerobic processes are used for sludge treatment and high organic strength industrial wastewater treatment 厌氧工艺用 于污泥处理和高强度的工业有机废水处理 Transform dissolved and p

2、articulate biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products 变换溶解和颗粒降解成分 到可以接受的最终产品Capture and incorporate suspended and nonsettleable colloidal solids into a biological floc or biofilm 捕获并纳入暂停和非 settleable胶体固体变成生物絮凝或生物膜 Transform or remove nutrients 变换或删除养分In some cases, remove specific trace

3、 organic constituents and compounds 在某些情况下，删除特定的微量有机成分和化合 物。 Description of basic process 描述的基本过程Activated sludge： flocculent settleable solids that can be removed by gravity settling in sedimentation tanks. Composed of active microorganisms.活性污泥：絮凝剂settleable固形物，可去除重力沉降在沉淀池。积极微生物组成。 ASP: It involve

4、d the production of an activated mass of microorganisms capable of stabilizing a waste under aerobic conditions. ASP技术：它涉及生产活化大规模的微生物能够稳定废物好氧条件。 It consists of three basic components:它包括三个基本组成部分： a reactor in which the microorganisms responsible for treatment are kept in suspension and aerated;反应器中的

5、微生物负责 处理保存在暂停和曝气；-liquid-solids separation, usually in a sedimentation tank;液固分离，通常是在沉淀池 a recycle system for returning solids removed from the liquid-solids separation unit back to the reactor. 循环系统返回固体 从液体固体分离装置回到反应堆。 Function of aeration： mixing , oxygen supply 功能曝气：混合，氧气供应The objective of a recy

6、cle system is to keep the concentration of activated sludge in aeration tank.污泥回流的目的使是曝 气池内保持足够数量的活性污泥。 具有活性的微生物群体（Ma）： Activated Mass微生物自身氧化的残留物（Me）： Endogenous Mass 原污水挟入的不能为微生物降解的惰性有机物（Mi）： Inert Organic原污水挟入的无机物（Mii）： Inert Inorganic 混合液悬浮固体（MLSS）： Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids混合液挥发性悬浮固体（MLVSS）：

7、 Mixed Liquor volatile Suspended Solids 污泥沉降比（settling velocity） SV%污泥指数（sludge volume index） SVI 污泥龄（SRT） solids retention timeThe SRI in effect, represents the average period of time during which the sludge has remained in the system. 在污泥龄， 实 际上的平均时期之内，污泥一直留在该系统。 SRT is the most critical parameter

8、 for activated-sludge design as SRT affects the treatment process performance, aeration tank volume, sludge production and oxygen requirements.污泥龄是最重要的参数活性污泥设计，污泥龄影响了治疗过程 的性能，曝气池容积，污泥生产和氧气的需要。 Volumetric Organic loading rate（Nv）容积有机负荷率It is defined as the amount of BOD or COD applied to the aeration

9、 tank volume per day.它的定义是为生化需氧量或化学需 氧量应用于曝气池容积每天_ Expressed in kg BOD or COD/m3 d.表示千克生化需氧量或 COD/m3 4Vary from 0.3 to more than 3.0 变化在 0 . 3 至U 3.0 以上 Higher volumetric organic loadings generally result in higher required oxygen transfer rates per unit volume for the aeration system.有机负荷较高的体积通常导致更

10、高的要求氧气传输速率单位体积的通风系统营养平衡 nutrient requirements As a general rule, for SRT values greater than 7d, about 5 g nitrogen and 1 g phosphorus will be required per 100 g of BOD to provide an excess of nutrients.作为一般规则，为污泥龄值大于7天组，约5克的氮和磷1克将需要每100克的生化需 氧量提供过多养分。C:N:P=100:5:l溶解氧 Dissolved Oxygen Control In gen

11、eral, the DO concentration in the aeration tank should be maintained at about 1.5 to 2 mg/L in all areas of the aeration tanko 一般情况下，溶解氧浓度在曝气池应保持在L5至2毫克/升在各个领域的曝气池Specific substrate utilization rate 底物的比降解速度 延时曝气法(ExtendedAeration)又称完全氧化法。 sludge wasting is minimized.( Low growth rate, low sludge yi

12、elds, relatively high oxygen requirements)污泥的浪费降至U最低 程度。(低增长，低污泥产量，相对较高的氧要求)Design parameters typically include a food/microorganisms (F/M) ratio is 0.05 to 0.15, a sludge age of 15 to 35 days, and MLSS of 3000 to 5000 mg/L设计参数通常包括食品/微生物(F/M)的比率为005至015 , 一个污泥年龄15至35 天，污泥浓度为3000至5000毫克/升 The process

13、 can be sensitive to sudden increases in flow, but is relatively insensitive to shock loads in concentration. 这一过 程可以敏感流量突然增加，但相对不敏感的冲击负荷浓度完全混合法(Complete Mix Activated Sludge)流态：完全混合式 complete mixing It is possible to establish a constant oxygen demand as well as a uniform MLSS throughout the basic

14、volume. 有可能建立 个不断需氧量以及一个统一的效率，整个容量。 Hydraulic and organic load transients are dampened, giving a process that is very resistant to upset from shock loadings. 液 压和有机负载瞬变的影响，使这个过程是非常抗冲击负荷。 Tending toward filamentous bulking.走向丝状月彭月长。 Effluent and recycled return activated sludge are introduced typical

15、ly at several points in the reactor. Because the tank contents are thoroughly mixed, the organic load, oxygen demand, and substrate concentration are uniform throughout the entire aeration tank and the F/M ratio is low.污水和活性污泥回收返回介绍典型的几个地区反应堆。由于坦克的内容进行 彻底混合，有机负荷，需氧量及底物浓度是统一在整个曝气池和F/M比低Care should be

16、 taken to assure that the CMAS reactor is well mixed and that influent feed and effluent withdrawal points are selected to prevent shout-circuiting of untreated or partially treated wastewater.应注意保证 CMAS 反应堆以及混合饲料和 进水和出水撤离点被选中，以防止喊短路未经处理或部分处理过的废水。 inclusion of a precontacting zone, which should have

17、 a retention time in the order of 15 min to maximize biosorption 列入 precontacting区，其中应该有一个保留时间在15分钟为了最大限度地吸附Thermophilic Aerobic Activated Sludge 高温好氧活性污泥法 Offering the advantages of rapid degradation rates and low sludge yield.产品的优势，迅速降解率和低的污泥产量。 The optimal temperature for thermophilic oxidation i

18、s 55 to 60.最适温度为高温氧化是 55 至 60 。 One disadvantage is that thermophilic bacteria fail to flocculate, making biomass separation in the effluent a problem. 个 不利因素是，嗜热菌不能絮凝，使生物分离污水中的一个问题。 氧化沟活性污泥法：Oxidation DitchThe ditch system is particularly amenable to those cases where both BOD and nitrogen removal

19、are desired. 水7勾系统尤其 适合的情况下，都B0D和脱氮的期望 间歇式活性污泥法(SBR 法)：Sequencing Batch ReactorWith the development of simple inexpensive program logic controllers (PLCs) and the availability of level sensors and automatically operated valves, the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process became more widely used by th

20、e late 1970s, especially for smaller communities and industrial installations with intermittent flows.随着发展的简单便宜的程序逻辑控 制器(PLC的)，以及是否有水平感应器和自动操作阀，在序批式反应器(SBR )的过程变得更为广泛使用的20 世纪70年代末，尤其是对较小的社区和工业设施，间歇流动。 In recent years, however, SBRs are being used for large cities in some parts of the world. The SBR

21、is a fill-and-draw type of reactor system involving a single complete mix reactor in which all steps of the activated-sludge process occur. Mixed liquor remains in the reactor during all cycles, thereby eliminating the need for separate sedimentation tanks最近儿年，但是，SBRs被用于大城市中世界的一些地区。SBR是填补和提请类型的反应 堆系

22、统涉及一个单一的完全混合反应器中的所有步骤的活性污泥过程中发生。混合液仍然在反应堆在所有周期，从而无 需单独?淀池B 活性污泥法工艺(AdsorptionBiodegradation) Aeration Tanks and Appurtenances 曝气池和附属物l.Bulking Sludge 污泥膨胀： In many cases MLSS with poor settling characteristics has developed into what is known as a bulking sludge condition which can cause high efflue

23、nt suspended solids and poor treatment performance.在许多情况下，污泥浓度与穷人解决特点已发 展成所谓的膨胀污泥条件，可能会导致高出水悬浮物和差治理效果。 types： filamentous bulkings viscous bulking (hydrous bulking)类型：丝状膨胀，粘性膨胀(水合膨胀)In general, the more readily degradable the substrate, the more prone the system is to filamentous bulking, inadequate nitrogen or phosphorus总体而言，更容易降解的底物，更容易的系统是丝状膨胀。不足的氮或磷 complete mix systems with low mixed liquor substrate concentrations favor filamentous growth.完全混合系统的低浓度混合 液基板青睐丝状增长。第三单元