《系统解剖学》教学资料四肢肌.ppt

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1、陈秀英陈秀英Department of AnatomyChapter 3 The muscles of limbs 掌握掌握：上肢浅层肌肉（三角肌、小圆肌、大圆肌、：上肢浅层肌肉（三角肌、小圆肌、大圆肌、冈上、下肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、臂肌及前臂肌）冈上、下肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、臂肌及前臂肌）的名称、分群及作用。的名称、分群及作用。掌握掌握：下肢浅层肌肉（髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨状肌、：下肢浅层肌肉（髂腰肌、臀大肌、梨状肌、缝匠肌、股四头肌、长收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、缝匠肌、股四头肌、长收肌、股二头肌、半腱肌、半膜肌）的名称、分群及作用。半膜肌）的名称、分群及作用。了解：足背及足底肌的位置、分群和

2、功能。了解：足背及足底肌的位置、分群和功能。【目的与要求目的与要求】The muscles of upper limb According to their locations,the muscles of upper limb are divisible into:The muscles of shoulder 上肢带肌上肢带肌The muscles of arm 臂肌臂肌The muscles of forearm 前臂肌前臂肌The muscles of hand 手肌手肌The muscles of ShouldernDeltoid 三角肌三角肌nSupraspinatus 冈上肌冈上

3、肌nInfraspinatus 冈下肌冈下肌nTeres minor 小圆肌小圆肌nTeres major 大圆肌大圆肌nSubscapularis 肩胛下肌肩胛下肌 Deltoid 三角肌三角肌nOrigin:lateral third of clavicle,acromion,and spine of scapulanInsertion:deltoid tuberosity of humerus nAction:abducts the arm，anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm;posterior fibers extend and l

4、aterally rotate arm（外展肩关节外展肩关节）预防针注射部位预防针注射部位三角胸肌间沟三角胸肌间沟 “头静脉头静脉”腋神经损伤，三角肌腋神经损伤，三角肌瘫痪，导致瘫痪，导致“方肩方肩”畸畸形形nOrigin:dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapulanInsertion:crest of lesser tubercle of humerusnAction:medially rotates and adducts arm（旋内和内收）（旋内和内收）Teres major 大圆肌大圆肌“肌腱袖肌腱袖”The muscles of armn

5、Antererior groupqBiceps brachii 肱二头肌肱二头肌qCoracobrachialis 喙肱肌喙肱肌qBrachialis 肱肌肱肌nPosterior group triceps brachii 肱三头肌肱三头肌 Origin:long head,supraglenoid tubercle;short head,coracoid process Insertion:radial tuberosity Action:flexor of elbow joint （屈肘）（屈肘）Biceps brachii 肱二头肌肱二头肌Triceps brachii 肱三头肌肱三头

6、肌 Origin:long head,infraglenoid tubercle;lateral head,above groove for radical n;medial head,below groove for radical n.Insertion:olecranon of ulnaAction:extends elbow joint （伸肘）（伸肘）Trilateral foramen三边孔三边孔 旋肩胛旋肩胛A A Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔四边孔腋腋N N、旋肱后、旋肱后A AThe muscles of forearmnSuperficial laye

7、r 从从桡侧桡侧到到尺侧尺侧qBrachioradialis 肱桡肌肱桡肌qPronator teres 旋前圆肌旋前圆肌qFlexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌桡侧腕屈肌qPalmaris longus 掌长肌掌长肌qFlexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈尺侧腕屈 (屈肘、旋前、屈腕、腕内收及外展）屈肘、旋前、屈腕、腕内收及外展）Anterior group(9)nSecond layer flexor digitorum superficials 指浅屈肌指浅屈肌 （止于中节指骨体两侧止于中节指骨体两侧止于中节指骨体两侧止于中节指骨体两侧）nThird laye

8、rqFlexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌拇长屈肌qFlexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌指深屈肌 （止于远节指骨底止于远节指骨底止于远节指骨底止于远节指骨底）nFourth layer pronator quadratus 旋前方肌旋前方肌nAction:flex elbow joint,radiocarpal joint and fingers,pronate forearm（屈肘、屈腕、屈指；前（屈肘、屈腕、屈指；前臂旋前）臂旋前）nPosterior group(10)nSuperficial layer(5)qExtensor carpi ra

9、dialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌桡侧腕长伸肌qExtensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌桡侧腕短伸肌qExtensor digitorum 指伸肌指伸肌qExtensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌小指伸肌qExtensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌尺侧腕伸肌（伸腕、伸指、腕外展及内收）（伸腕、伸指、腕外展及内收）nDeep layer(5)nSupinator旋后肌旋后肌nAbductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌拇长展肌nExtensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌拇短伸肌nExtensor po

10、llicis longus 拇长伸肌拇长伸肌nExtensor indicis 示指伸肌示指伸肌nAction:extend radiocapral joint and fingers,and supinate forearm (展、伸拇指、伸示指、前臂旋后）展、伸拇指、伸示指、前臂旋后）The muscles of handnLateral groupthenar 鱼际鱼际qAbductor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌拇短展肌qFlexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌拇短屈肌qOpponens pollicis 拇对掌肌拇对掌肌qAdductor pollicis

11、 拇收肌拇收肌nAction:flex,abduct,adduct and oppose thumb(拇指的屈、拇指的屈、展、收和对掌）展、收和对掌）nMedial grouphypothenar (小鱼际小鱼际）qAbductor digiti minimi 小指展肌小指展肌qFlexor digiti minimi brevis小指短屈肌小指短屈肌qOpponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌小指对掌肌nAction:flex,abduct,and oppose little finger（小指的屈、展和对掌小指的屈、展和对掌）nIntermedial groupnLumbri

12、cales 蚓状肌蚓状肌(4)flex fingers at MP joints;extend fingers at IP jointsnPalmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌骨间掌侧肌(3)adduct fingers towards middle finger at MP jointsnDorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌骨间背侧肌(3)abduct fingers away from middle finger at MP joints Muscles of lower limb The lower limbs are used chiefly for the supp

13、ort and propulsion of the body,so that the muscles are brawny and strong but small in number.The muscles of lower limb are divided into:Muscles of hip 髋肌髋肌 Muscles of thigh 大腿肌大腿肌 Muscles of leg 小腿肌小腿肌Muscles of foot 足肌足肌nAnterior group(2)qIliopsoas 髂腰肌髂腰肌niliacus 髂肌髂肌npsoas major 腰大肌腰大肌Tensor fasci

14、ae latae 阔筋膜张肌阔筋膜张肌 “髂胫束髂胫束”Muscles of hipiliopsoas 髂腰肌髂腰肌Origin:Psoas major:transverse processes and lateral surface of bodies of lumbar vertebrae Iliacus:iliac fossaInsertion:lesser trochanter of femurAction:flexes thigh at the hip joint（屈髋）（屈髋）Posterior group(7):nGluteus maximus 臀大肌臀大肌nGluteus me

15、dius 臀中肌臀中肌nGluteus minimus 臀小肌臀小肌nPiriformis 梨状肌梨状肌nObturator internus 闭孔内肌闭孔内肌nObturator externus 闭孔外肌闭孔外肌nQuadratus femoris 股方肌股方肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌臀大肌nOrigin:gluteal surface of ilium and dorsal aspect of sacrumnInsertion:gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tractnAction:extends and latera

16、lly rotates thigh at hip joint;raises trunk when the lower limb is fixed （髋关节伸和外旋）（髋关节伸和外旋）是维持人体直立的重要肌肉是维持人体直立的重要肌肉Piriformis 梨状肌梨状肌nOrigin:anterior surface of sacrumnInsertion:greater trochanter of femurnDivided the greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriform foramen（梨状肌上孔梨状肌上孔）and infrapiriform for

17、amen（梨状肌梨状肌下孔下孔）nAction:rotates thigh laterally at hip joint（髋关节外旋）（髋关节外旋）nAnterior groupnSartorius 缝匠肌缝匠肌nQuadricep 股四头肌股四头肌qRectus femoris 股直肌股直肌qVastus medialis 股内侧肌股内侧肌qVastus lateralis 股外侧肌股外侧肌qVastus intermedius 股中间肌股中间肌Muscles of thighSartorius 缝匠肌缝匠肌nOrigin:anterior superior iliac spinenInse

18、rtion:upper medial surface of tibianAction:flexes hip and knee joints （屈髋、屈膝）（屈髋、屈膝）是全身最长的肌肉是全身最长的肌肉Quadriceps femoris 股四头肌股四头肌nOrigin:qRectus femoris:anterior inferior iliac spineqVastus medialis:medial lip of linea asperaqVastus lateralis:lateral lip of linea asperaqVastus intermedius:anterior sur

19、face of femurnInsertion:tibial tuberosity via patellar ligamentnAction:flexes hip and extend knee joint (屈髋、伸膝）屈髋、伸膝）是全身最大的肌肉是全身最大的肌肉nMedial groupn Pectineus 耻骨肌耻骨肌n Adductor longus 长收肌长收肌n Adductor brevis 短收肌短收肌n Adductor magnus 大收肌大收肌n Gracilis 股薄肌股薄肌nadduct thigh at hip joint （髋关节内收）（髋关节内收）“长、短、大

20、长、短、大”nPosterior groupnBiceps femoris 股二头肌股二头肌nSemitendinosus 半腱肌半腱肌 nSemimembranosus 半膜肌半膜肌 nAction flex the leg at knee joint and extend the thigh at hip joint （屈膝、伸髋）（屈膝、伸髋）The muscles of legnAnterior groupnTibialis anterior 胫骨前肌胫骨前肌（伸踝、足内翻伸踝、足内翻）nExtensor hallucis longus 母长伸肌（母长伸肌（伸踝、伸伸踝、伸母趾）母趾）

21、nExtensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌（趾长伸肌（伸踝、伸第伸踝、伸第2-52-5趾趾）nLateral groupnPeroneus longus 腓骨长肌腓骨长肌 nPeroneus brevis 腓骨短肌腓骨短肌 nplantarflex and evert the foot （足跖屈、外翻（足跖屈、外翻)nPosterior group nSuperficial layerTriceps surae 小腿三头肌小腿三头肌Origin:Gastrocnemius:medial and lateral condyles of femurSoleus:soleal l

22、ine of tibia and upper third of fibulaInsertion:calcaneum via tendo calcaneusAction:flexes knee joint and plantar （屈踝、屈膝）（屈踝、屈膝）nPosterior group nDeep layer qPopliteus 腘肌腘肌qFlexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌趾长屈肌（足趾屈（足趾屈 屈第屈第25趾趾骨）骨）qFlexor hallucis longus 母长屈肌（足趾屈母长屈肌（足趾屈 屈屈母指）母指）qTibialis posterior 胫骨后肌（

23、足趾屈胫骨后肌（足趾屈 内翻）内翻）nMuscles on dorsum:extensor digitorum brevisnMuscles in sole:medial,lateral and intermediate groups Muscles of foot腓骨颈骨折腓总腓骨颈骨折腓总神经损伤，小腿神经损伤，小腿前、外侧群肌瘫前、外侧群肌瘫痪，足不能背屈、痪，足不能背屈、趾不能伸，足下趾不能伸，足下垂且内翻。垂且内翻。胫神经损伤，小腿后群胫神经损伤，小腿后群肌无力，足不能跖屈、肌无力，足不能跖屈、内翻力弱。小腿前外侧内翻力弱。小腿前外侧群肌过度牵拉、使足背群肌过度牵拉、使足背屈、外翻。屈、外翻。“钩状足钩状足”SummaryThank you!