个人防护技术安全培训.ppt

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1、1.W505 Control of Hazardous Substances Personal Protective Equipment个体防护技术个体防护技术2.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesPersonal Protective Equipment个体防护用品个体防护用品Last line of defense 最后一道防线最后一道防线Careful selection required 需仔细选择需仔细选择Source:DuPont Personal Protection reproduced with permission3.W505 Cont

2、rol of Hazardous SubstancesClass exercise课堂练习课堂练习What should be included in a PPE programme?个体防护用品程序应该包括些什么？个体防护用品程序应该包括些什么？4.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesPPE Programmes个体防护用品程序个体防护用品程序Basis for selection of PPE 个体防护用品个体防护用品Medical screening if required 如需要的话，进行医学体检如需要的话，进行医学体检Training progra

3、m 培训程序培训程序Limitations 限值限值Proper fitting 合适的佩戴合适的佩戴Cleaning,maintenance&storage 清洁，维护和储藏清洁，维护和储藏Evaluation of program 评估程序评估程序5.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesWe Need to Avoid Situations Like This!不应这样操作不应这样操作Source:N Tresider-reproduce with permission6.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesGloba

4、l Harmonisation of PPE?全球个体防护用品要求的统一全球个体防护用品要求的统一Currently not in place or on near horizon目前未出现或制定中目前未出现或制定中Standards from:标准来自于标准来自于ISO 国际标准化组织国际标准化组织National 国家国家AS/NZS,BS,EN,USA,Japan,Korea etcOften different especially for respiratory通常不同通常不同 尤其对呼吸防护尤其对呼吸防护7.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesT

5、ypes of PPE个体防护用品类型个体防护用品类型Head protection头部防护头部防护Eye&Face protection眼睛和脸部防护眼睛和脸部防护Hearing protection听力防护听力防护Respiratory protection呼吸防护呼吸防护Hands/Gloves protection手部手部/手套防护手套防护Body/Clothing protection身体身体/衣服防护衣服防护Foot protection足部防护足部防护Protection against falling防跌倒防跌倒8.W505 Control of Hazardous Subst

6、ancesControl of Hazardous Substances危害物质的控制危害物质的控制 Respiratory Protective Equipment(RPE)呼吸保护装备呼吸保护装备Chemical Protective Clothing(CPC)化学防护服化学防护服Gloves 手套手套Eye&Face 眼睛和脸部眼睛和脸部9.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRespiratory Protective Equipment呼吸防护设备呼吸防护设备Required when:在下列情况需要：在下列情况需要：Deficiencies in

7、 oxygen缺氧缺氧Contaminants in particulate form特别形式的污染物特别形式的污染物Contaminants in gaseous or vapour form气体或蒸气污染物气体或蒸气污染物10.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRPE-General Use Limitations呼吸防护用品呼吸防护用品 使用限制使用限制Air purifying do NOT supply oxygen 不要直接供氧不要直接供氧Do not use when:下列情况不能使用下列情况不能使用IDLH(Immediately Dang

8、erous to Life&Health)立即危害生命和健康的情况立即危害生命和健康的情况Concentrations unknown未知浓度未知浓度 19%oxygen19%氧含量氧含量Unless wearing SCBA or airline/escape SCBA除非穿戴携气式呼吸器除非穿戴携气式呼吸器11.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRPE-General Use Limitations(cont)呼吸防护用品呼吸防护用品 使用限制（续）使用限制（续）Do not abuse or misuse respirator 要仔细使用呼吸防护要仔

9、细使用呼吸防护Do not wear if facial seal cannot be made-beard,facial hair,etc 不要穿戴不能进行面部密封实验的防护用品不要穿戴不能进行面部密封实验的防护用品 胡须，面部头发，等等胡须，面部头发，等等Do not exceed maximum use concentrations set by regulatory authorities 不要在超过规定的最大浓度情况下使用不要在超过规定的最大浓度情况下使用 12.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesTypes of Respirators呼吸防护用

10、品类型呼吸防护用品类型Air Purifying 空气净化空气净化Air supplied 空气供应空气供应13.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesAir Purifying Respirators净化空气的呼吸防护用品净化空气的呼吸防护用品Particulates 颗粒物颗粒物Dusts,Fumes,Fibres,Mists粉尘，烟，纤维，雾粉尘，烟，纤维，雾Gases&Vapours 气体和蒸气气体和蒸气Combination filters 组合过滤组合过滤14.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesAir Puri

11、fying Respirators(cont)净化空气的呼吸防护用品（续）净化空气的呼吸防护用品（续）Non powered 无动力无动力 “Disposable”一次性一次性Half face piece半面罩半面罩 Full face piece全面罩全面罩Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced with permission.15.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesAir Purifying Respirators(cont)净化空气的呼吸防护用品（续）净化空气的呼吸防护用品（续）Powered 动力性动

12、力性PAPR送风过滤式送风过滤式Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced with permission16.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesParticulate Filters颗粒物过滤颗粒物过滤AS/NZS 1715EN 529/SA NIOSH P1P1P2P295 N,P,R 99 N,P,RP3P3100Substance Specific Classes e.g.asbestos,lead&Cr6+in some countries在些国家，有些物质有专门的等级，如石棉，铅和六价铬在些国家，有些物

13、质有专门的等级，如石棉，铅和六价铬17.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesGas&Vapour Filters(cartridges)气体和蒸气过滤器（过滤盒）气体和蒸气过滤器（过滤盒）ACertain organics 某些有机气体某些有机气体BCertain inorganic&acid gases 某些无机气体某些无机气体和酸性气体和酸性气体ESulphur dioxide 二氧化硫二氧化硫KAmmonia 氨氨Examples many other types有很多种类有很多种类Source:3M Australia Pty Limited rep

14、roduced with permission18.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesClasses of Gas Filters气体过滤的分级气体过滤的分级Increasing capacity吸收能力增加吸收能力增加Class Auslow(shorter than Class 1)0级级 低（比低（比1级低）级低）Class 1low to medium absorption capacity1级级 低于中等吸收能力低于中等吸收能力Class 2medium absorption capacity2级级 中等吸收能力中等吸收能力Class 3 hig

15、h absorption capacity3级级 高等级吸收能力高等级吸收能力19.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesDifferent“Amounts&Types of Charcoal”不同数量和类型的活性炭不同数量和类型的活性炭Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced with permission“Nuisance level organic”对有机气体无效对有机气体无效Class A1A1级级Class A2B2E2K2P2A2B2E2K2P2级级PAPR A1B1E1P3A1B1E1P3送风滤盒送风滤

16、盒20.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesCombination Particulate&G&V Filter颗粒物、气体和蒸汽组合滤膜颗粒物、气体和蒸汽组合滤膜Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced with permission21.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesSubstance Specific Filters专用滤膜专用滤膜Some Countries某些国家某些国家Vinyl chloride氯乙烯氯乙烯Benzene苯苯22.W505 Control of

17、 Hazardous SubstancesSupplied Air Respirators供气式呼吸器供气式呼吸器Deliver“breathing quality”air to the wearer将可呼吸的空气导入防护服将可呼吸的空气导入防护服Air hose respirator 软管式呼吸器软管式呼吸器 Airline respirator 输送管式呼吸器输送管式呼吸器SCBA 携气式呼吸器携气式呼吸器Source:Drager Safety Pacific Pty Ltd reproduced with permission23.W505 Control of Hazardous S

18、ubstancesBreathing Air Quality可呼吸的空气质量可呼吸的空气质量No objectionable odour 无令人厌恶的气味无令人厌恶的气味Not less than 19.5%and not more than 22%by volume of oxygen19.5%-22%浓度之间的氧含量浓度之间的氧含量Less than 10 ppm carbon monoxide小于小于10ppm的一氧化碳的一氧化碳Less than 800 ppm of carbon dioxide小于小于800ppm的二氧化碳的二氧化碳Less than 1 mg/m3 oil油雾小于

19、油雾小于1mg/m324.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesProtection Factor防护因子防护因子“Ratio of outside concentration versus inside conc.”“外部和内部浓度的比率外部和内部浓度的比率”PF=Ambient Airborne Concentration 周边空气内的浓度周边空气内的浓度 Concentration Inhaled Inside the Respirator呼吸器内可供吸入的气体中呼吸器内可供吸入的气体中 的浓度的浓度 25.W505 Control of Hazardo

20、us SubstancesRequired Minimum Protection Factor所需的最小的防护因子所需的最小的防护因子But whats“acceptable”inside the respirator?呼吸器内部什么浓度才是可接受的呼吸器内部什么浓度才是可接受的Req Min PF（所需的最小防护因子）（所需的最小防护因子）=Ambient Airborne Concentration（周围空气内的浓度）（周围空气内的浓度）Acceptable Exp Level or Standard（可接受的等级或标准）（可接受的等级或标准）26.W505 Control of Haza

21、rdous SubstancesExample例子例子xyz dust粉尘粉尘Concentration 0.5 mg/m3浓度浓度 0.5mg/m3Exposure standard 0.1 mg/m3接触标准接触标准 0.1 mg/m3Required minimum PF=0.5/0.1=5所需的最小防护因子所需的最小防护因子=5AS/NZS Tables Half face piece respirator(P1,P2 or P3 filter)半面罩呼吸器半面罩呼吸器（P1,P2或或P3过滤器）过滤器）27.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesEx

22、ample(cont)例子（续）例子（续）If however,然而，然而，Concentration 浓度浓度 1.5 mg/m3Exposure standard 接触标准接触标准 0.1 mg/m3Required minimum PF=1.5/0.1=15所需最小的防护因子所需最小的防护因子=15A higher level of protection is now required需要更高的防护等级需要更高的防护等级AS/NZS TablesFull face piece or PAPR全面罩或送风过滤式（澳洲全面罩或送风过滤式（澳洲/新西兰新西兰 标准）标准）28.W505 Con

23、trol of Hazardous SubstancesDifferent“Factors”不同的因素不同的因素NO Globalization(yet)of Respirator Standards 没有全球的的呼吸防护用品的标准没有全球的的呼吸防护用品的标准Differences&debates re“National Factors”不同与争论不同与争论Required Minimum Protection Factor所需的最小防护因子所需的最小防护因子Assigned Protection Factors指定的防护因子指定的防护因子Nominal Protection Factors

24、一般防护因子一般防护因子Workplace Protection Factors工作场所防护因子工作场所防护因子Differences within types 不同型号不同型号Differences between styles 不同风格不同风格29.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRPE Spectrum呼吸防护装备频谱呼吸防护装备频谱Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced with permission30.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesContaminated

25、 Related Selection Factors选择防护因子要注意的因素选择防护因子要注意的因素Is it a particulate,gas or vapour or both?污染物是颗粒物、气体、蒸气或都有？污染物是颗粒物、气体、蒸气或都有？What is concentration of contaminant(s)?污染物的浓度是多少？污染物的浓度是多少？Will respirator failure result in IDLH?呼吸器失效的情况下会不会即刻危害生命？呼吸器失效的情况下会不会即刻危害生命？Does contaminant have irritant eye pr

26、operties?污染物会不会刺激眼睛？污染物会不会刺激眼睛？31.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesTask Related Selection Factors选择防护因子需要做的选择防护因子需要做的The length of time the respirator will be worn 呼吸器要佩戴的时间呼吸器要佩戴的时间Whether the respirator will be worn regularly 是否有规律的佩戴呼吸器是否有规律的佩戴呼吸器The mobility required of the wearer 呼吸器的移动性如何呼吸

27、器的移动性如何The nature of the workplace,whether confined or restricted,thermal conditions 工作场所的环境，是否密闭或高温工作场所的环境，是否密闭或高温32.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesTask Related Selection Factors(cont)选择防护因子需要做的（续）选择防护因子需要做的（续）The need for communication and 交流的必要性交流的必要性Other PPE which must be worn 佩戴其他个人防护用品的必

28、要性佩戴其他个人防护用品的必要性e.g.-safety helmet,ear muffs,safety glasses 例如例如 安全帽，护耳器，安全眼镜安全帽，护耳器，安全眼镜33.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesOperator Related Selection Factors防护因子与操作者有关的因素防护因子与操作者有关的因素Fitness of the wearer to withstand the extra physiological/psychological strain of working while wearing a respi

29、rator 当佩戴呼吸器的时候，需观察因舒适性给佩戴者心理和生理上额外当佩戴呼吸器的时候，需观察因舒适性给佩戴者心理和生理上额外造成的紧张造成的紧张Ability of the person to accept the constriction of wearing the respirator 佩戴者接受压迫感的忍受程度佩戴者接受压迫感的忍受程度Ability to obtain seal with facial hair 与头发的贴合程度与头发的贴合程度Whether a person wears glasses which may affect the facial seal of th

30、e respirator 佩戴的眼镜是否会影响密合性佩戴的眼镜是否会影响密合性34.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesOperator Related Selection Factors(cont)防护因子与操作者有关的因素（续）防护因子与操作者有关的因素（续）Whether the person has facial features such as scars or acne or other aspects that may affect the facial seal of the respirator 佩戴者是否有伤疤、粉刺或其他影响面部密合的面

31、部特征佩戴者是否有伤疤、粉刺或其他影响面部密合的面部特征Gender considerations as women often have smaller sized faces and hence may need a smaller sized respirator 女性的面部尺寸更小，所需的呼吸器也更小女性的面部尺寸更小，所需的呼吸器也更小Ethnic considerations as the shape of facial features varies and must be considered 种族的不同也要考虑种族的不同也要考虑35.W505 Control of Hazar

32、dous SubstancesTraining培训培训Why the respirator is necessary and why the other hierarchy of control measures are not immediately feasible 包括为什么需要呼吸器，为什么其他等级的防护措施不可行包括为什么需要呼吸器，为什么其他等级的防护措施不可行How the respirator provides protection 呼吸器能提供怎样的防护呼吸器能提供怎样的防护Limitations of the respirator,including the service

33、 life of filter 呼吸器的使用限制，包括过滤器的寿命呼吸器的使用限制，包括过滤器的寿命36.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesTraining(cont)培训培训How and why the respirator was selected 为什么和如何选择呼吸器为什么和如何选择呼吸器Proper fitting of the respirator 合适的佩戴合适的佩戴The importance of wear time 佩戴时间的重要性佩戴时间的重要性Maintenance,cleaning and storage requirement

34、 维护，清洗和储存的要求维护，清洗和储存的要求Regular 时间间隔时间间隔37.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRespiratory Performance呼吸器的性能呼吸器的性能Filter efficiency 过滤器有效性过滤器有效性Proper Fit 合适的配戴合适的配戴Proper maintenance 合适的维护合适的维护Wear Time 佩戴时间佩戴时间38.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesEffective protection given by RPELevel of Protecti

35、onRequired所需的防所需的防护等等级=Effective ProtectionGiven ByRPE呼吸器提供的呼吸器提供的有效的防有效的防护0125102050100500100020002001020304050600Time for which RPE is not worn,minutes in an 8 hour working day8小小时工作日未佩戴呼吸器的工作日未佩戴呼吸器的时间Effect of Non-wear Time未佩戴时间造成防护效果的影响未佩戴时间造成防护效果的影响Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced wi

36、th permission39.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesQualitative Fit Testing适应性定性测试适应性定性测试Isoamyl acetate(banana oil)乙酸异戊酯乙酸异戊酯（香蕉油）（香蕉油）Saccharin mist甜味剂甜味剂Bitrex苦味剂苦味剂Irritant smoke刺激性烟雾刺激性烟雾40.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesQuantitative Fit Testing适应性定量测试适应性定量测试Sodium chloride氯化钠氯化钠Oil mist油雾

37、油雾Particle counters颗粒物计数器颗粒物计数器Source:Kenelec Scientific Pty Ltd reproduced with permission41.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesFit Checking适应性检查适应性检查Source:3M Australia Pty Limited reproduced with permission42.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesCleaning清洁清洁Frequency depends on extent of soiling

38、根据污染程度选择清洗频度根据污染程度选择清洗频度Mild detergent&warm water 温和洗涤剂和温水温和洗涤剂和温水Disinfected,rinsed&air dried 消毒，冲洗和风干消毒，冲洗和风干Care if machine washed 机洗要小心机洗要小心Follow manufacturers instructions 遵循说明书遵循说明书43.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMaintenance维护维护Check before&after use&after cleaning 使用前后和清洗后要检查使用前后和清洗后要

39、检查Disposable style-check for physical damage,missing&damaged straps,deterioration of nose seal material 抛弃型抛弃型 检查是否有物理损坏，头带有没有丢失或损坏，鼻部密封检查是否有物理损坏，头带有没有丢失或损坏，鼻部密封材料有没有损坏。材料有没有损坏。Reusable style check face piece for cracks,tears,distortion etc,dirt&residues,missing parts(eg valves,valve seats),worn or

40、missing gaskets,missing or deteriorated straps 重复利用性重复利用性 检查破裂、灰尘、残渣、有无配件丢失，垫片或头带检查破裂、灰尘、残渣、有无配件丢失，垫片或头带有无丢失或损坏有无丢失或损坏44.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMaintenance(cont)维护（续）维护（续）Particulate filters 颗粒物过滤器颗粒物过滤器replace when damaged or breathing resistance is such that they are difficult to brea

41、the through当损坏或呼吸困难的时候，需替换当损坏或呼吸困难的时候，需替换Gas&vapour filters 气体和蒸气过滤器气体和蒸气过滤器 finite life replace when smell,taste etc contaminant OR有限的寿命有限的寿命 有异味时续替换有异味时续替换Service Life Software-from filter manufacturer使用寿命使用寿命 咨询过滤盒制造商咨询过滤盒制造商Regardless of use replace after 6 months from opening开封开封6个月后必须更换个月后必须更换

42、45.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMaintenance(cont)维护（续）维护（续）PAPRs 送风过滤式呼吸器送风过滤式呼吸器The head top,air hose,flow rates,pump and batteries must also be checked in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations 必须根据制造商的要求检查头套、皮管、流速、泵和电池必须根据制造商的要求检查头套、皮管、流速、泵和电池SCBA 携气式呼吸器携气式呼吸器 Are a specialised

43、piece of equipment typically used in IDLH and potentially life threatening situations.Only trained specialists should service this type of RPE 有专用组件用于有专用组件用于IDLH（立即危害生命）和可能危害生命的环境。只有训练过的专（立即危害生命）和可能危害生命的环境。只有训练过的专业人员能才维护这类呼吸器业人员能才维护这类呼吸器46.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesStorage储存储存Close as prac

44、tical to workplace 用完后需密封用完后需密封Kept clean,dry in contaminant free area 在无污染环境干燥，并保持清洁在无污染环境干燥，并保持清洁Away from direct sunlight 避免阳光的直接照射避免阳光的直接照射Stored emergency use respirators INSPECT 常备应急用呼吸器常备应急用呼吸器-时常检查时常检查Service life of gas&vapour filters when stored 注意存储的气体注意存储的气体和和蒸气过滤器的使用寿命蒸气过滤器的使用寿命47.W505

45、Control of Hazardous SubstancesMedical Evaluation Wearing respirator may place additional burden on respiratory&cardiac system 佩戴呼吸器会给呼吸和心血管系统带来额外的负担佩戴呼吸器会给呼吸和心血管系统带来额外的负担Asthma,emphysema,or who suffer from chronic lung disease or those with circulatory or heart disease may be at risk from wearing a

46、 respirator 哮喘、肺气肿和其他慢性肺部疾病或循环和心脏病患者佩戴呼吸器会有风险哮喘、肺气肿和其他慢性肺部疾病或循环和心脏病患者佩戴呼吸器会有风险Psychological factors 心理因素心理因素a feeling of isolation or 隔绝感隔绝感claustrophobia which limits their ability to work while wearing a respirator幽闭恐怖症幽闭恐怖症 48.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesPoor Storage of Respirators不良储存环境不

47、良储存环境Note box of respirators stored with solvents etc与溶剂储存在与溶剂储存在一起的呼吸器一起的呼吸器Source:University of Wollongong49.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMisuse of Respirators呼吸器滥用呼吸器滥用Source:University of Wollongong50.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMisuse of Respirators(cont)呼吸器滥用（续）呼吸器滥用（续）Source:Un

48、iversity of Wollongong51.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMisuse of Respirators(cont)呼吸器滥用（续）呼吸器滥用（续）Source:University of Wollongong52.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesMisuse of Respirators(cont)呼吸器滥用（续）呼吸器滥用（续）Source:University of Wollongong53.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRecords记录记录Th

49、e process to select the appropriate respirator 选择合适呼吸器的过程选择合适呼吸器的过程The training provided to the workers 提供的培训提供的培训Maintenance and inspection programs for respirators 维护和观察维护和观察Fit test conducted and results of those tests 适合性测试和结果适合性测试和结果Medical assessment and surveillance(medical confidentiality gu

50、idelines)医学评价和检查医学评价和检查54.W505 Control of Hazardous SubstancesRPE Program Evaluation呼吸器程序评估呼吸器程序评估The reasons for implementing the program remain valid,including a review of the concentration of the workplace contaminants 能保持程序有效可行，内容包括审核工作场所污染物的浓度能保持程序有效可行，内容包括审核工作场所污染物的浓度The respirators are being