中译英技巧-否定句翻译.ppt

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1、否定句翻否定句翻译译全部否定全部否定A.A.否定句含否定句含believe,consider,expect,believe,consider,expect,fancy,fear,hope,feel,imagine,fancy,fear,hope,feel,imagine,suppose,think,trust suppose,think,trust 等表心理活动的等表心理活动的动词时动词时,not,not 通常否定该动词后面的内容通常否定该动词后面的内容1.1.科学家们认为科学家们认为,计算机不可能在所计算机不可能在所有领域中都代替人。有领域中都代替人。2.2.Scientists do no

2、t believe Scientists do not believe that computers can replace man that computers can replace man in every field.in every field.她觉得她再也不能忍受她丈夫的侮辱。她觉得她再也不能忍受她丈夫的侮辱。She doesnt feel that she can She doesnt feel that she can stand her husbands insult any stand her husbands insult any longer.longer.我们相信他们

3、是不会反对你的建议的。我们相信他们是不会反对你的建议的。I dont believe that they will I dont believe that they will oppose your proposal.oppose your proposal.汉语汉语否定否定谓语谓语，英，英译时译时否定主否定主语语物物质质必必须运动须运动，否，否则则就就没没有做功。有做功。Matter must move,or no work is done.Matter must move,or no work is done.如果如果没没有太有太阳阳，什，什么么都不能生存。都不能生存。Without th

4、e sun,nothing could live.Without the sun,nothing could live.这这里周里周围围，无，无论论是是苍蝇还苍蝇还是蚊子，一只是蚊子，一只也找不到。也找不到。Not a fly nor a mosquito was found Not a fly nor a mosquito was found around here.around here.在在这这些些电电路中路中没没有有发现发现任何缺陷。任何缺陷。No defects have been found in these No defects have been found in these

5、circuits.circuits.谓语谓语否定否定转转移至移至状语状语否定否定中国在任何时间和任何情况下都不会首先使用中国在任何时间和任何情况下都不会首先使用核武器。核武器。At no time and under no circumstances At no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.weapons.状语状语否定否定转转移至移至谓语谓语4.4.有时孩子们下棋并不全是为了娱乐。有时孩子

6、们下棋并不全是为了娱乐。5.5.Sometimes the children dont play Sometimes the children dont play chess for amusement.chess for amusement.C.C.在含目的状语的否定句中，有时在含目的状语的否定句中，有时not not 并并不否定其后的动词，而是否定句中的目不否定其后的动词，而是否定句中的目的状语的状语部分否定部分否定用否定词用否定词not not 来否定表示全部概念的词来否定表示全部概念的词,如如:both,all,every(everything,:both,all,every(ever

7、ything,everybody,everywhere)everybody,everywhere)等。这些词等。这些词都是表示都是表示“所有、每一个、两者都所有、每一个、两者都”等等概念的概念的,如果用如果用no t no t 否定这些词就使否定这些词就使句子产生了部分否定之义句子产生了部分否定之义,表示表示“不都不都”,“,“并非并非都都”等等并不是每个人都会喜欢它并不是每个人都会喜欢它 Everybody wouldnt like it=Everybody wouldnt like it=Not everybody would like itNot everybody would like

8、 it并非每种疾病都用同样的方法治疗。并非每种疾病都用同样的方法治疗。Every disease is not cured in the Every disease is not cured in the same way.same way.并非两个建议都被委员会所采纳。并非两个建议都被委员会所采纳。Not both suggestions are accepted by Not both suggestions are accepted by the committee.the committee.不是所有关于她的情况我都知道。不是所有关于她的情况我都知道。I dont know every

9、thing about her.I dont know everything about her.在否定句中用连词在否定句中用连词and and 连接两个状语、连接两个状语、表语、定语、宾语等时表语、定语、宾语等时,也表示部分否也表示部分否定定,否定否定and and 之后的部分。之后的部分。He is not a bright and diligent He is not a bright and diligent boy.boy.他并不是个既聪明又勤奋的孩子。他并不是个既聪明又勤奋的孩子。(聪聪明但并不勤奋明但并不勤奋)延续否定延续否定从前线回来的人说起白求恩，没有一个从前线回来的人说起白

10、求恩，没有一个不佩服，没有一个不为他的精神所感动。不佩服，没有一个不为他的精神所感动。No one who returned from the front No one who returned from the front failed to express admiration for failed to express admiration for Bethune whenever his name was Bethune whenever his name was mentioned,and none remained mentioned,and none remained unmov

11、ed by his action.unmoved by his action.这头大象不像一堵墙，不像长矛，不像这头大象不像一堵墙，不像长矛，不像蛇，不像树也不像扇子。蛇，不像树也不像扇子。The elephant isnt like a wall or The elephant isnt like a wall or a spear,or a snake,or a tree,a spear,or a snake,or a tree,neither is he like a fan.neither is he like a fan.解放前，他是个赶大车的，连自己的生解放前，他是个赶大车的，连自

12、己的生活都难以维持，更不用说养家了。活都难以维持，更不用说养家了。Before liberation he was a cart-Before liberation he was a cart-driver who could hardly keep body driver who could hardly keep body and soul together,let alone and soul together,let alone support his family.support his family.那时，我们连电脑都没有，更不用说电那时，我们连电脑都没有，更不用说电子邮件和因特网

13、了。子邮件和因特网了。At that time we didnt have At that time we didnt have computers,to say nothing of e-mail computers,to say nothing of e-mail and internet.and internet.双重否定句巧妇难为无米之炊。巧妇难为无米之炊。You cant make something out of You cant make something out of nothing.nothing.我们学校几乎没有学生不会说英语。我们学校几乎没有学生不会说英语。Few st

14、udents in our college cannot speak Few students in our college cannot speak English.English.对于会议的结果对于会议的结果,我们是有准备的。我们是有准备的。We are not unprepared for the We are not unprepared for the outcome of the conference.outcome of the conference.必要时我们定会帮助你。必要时我们定会帮助你。We shall not fail to help you We shall not

15、fail to help you when necessary.when necessary.汉语汉语肯定形式肯定形式译译成英成英语语否定形式否定形式这些细菌要再温度达到一百摄氏度这些细菌要再温度达到一百摄氏度时才会死亡。时才会死亡。These bacteria will not die These bacteria will not die until the temperature reaches until the temperature reaches 100.100.所有机器在运转时都要损失能量所有机器在运转时都要损失能量There is no machine but will Th

16、ere is no machine but will lose energy when in motion.lose energy when in motion.汉语双汉语双重否定英重否定英译双译双重否定重否定没没有足有足够够的加速度，地球的加速度，地球卫卫星是不能星是不能进进入太空的。入太空的。The earth satellite would not get into The earth satellite would not get into space without enough acceleration.space without enough acceleration.没没有科有

17、科学学技技术术知知识识要建要建设设社社会会主主义义是不是不可能的。可能的。Without knowledge of science and Without knowledge of science and technology it is impossible to build technology it is impossible to build socialism.socialism.Gases cannot be quickly compressed Gases cannot be quickly compressed without generating heat.without g

18、enerating heat.气体迅速压缩就一定会产生热量。气体迅速压缩就一定会产生热量。The flowing of electricity through The flowing of electricity through a wire is not unlike that of water a wire is not unlike that of water through a pipe.through a pipe.电流通过导线就像水流过管子一样电流通过导线就像水流过管子一样There is nothing unexpected.There is nothing unexpected

19、.一切都在预料中。一切都在预料中。The errors are too obvious for us The errors are too obvious for us not to see them.not to see them.那些错误太明显，我们一眼就看出来了。那些错误太明显，我们一眼就看出来了。He was glad because he wouldnt He was glad because he wouldnt have to send me away without buying have to send me away without buying anything.anyt

20、hing.他总算能买点什么让我带走，这令他很高他总算能买点什么让我带走，这令他很高兴。兴。含否定意含否定意义义的的动词动词 动词动词(词组词组):):英语中有不少动词或动词词英语中有不少动词或动词词组组,形式肯定形式肯定,却暗含否定概念却暗含否定概念,所以汉译所以汉译时用反译法译成否定句。常见的有时用反译法译成否定句。常见的有:fail,:fail,forbid,forget,deny,hesitate,lack,forbid,forget,deny,hesitate,lack,wonder,miss,lose,neglect,ignore,wonder,miss,lose,neglect,i

21、gnore,escape,resist,decline,doubt,escape,resist,decline,doubt,reject,deprive,refrain,reject,deprive,refrain,free/keep/save/protect/prevent/stop/free/keep/save/protect/prevent/stop/persuade persuade from,from,那部车无法爬上那个山坡。那部车无法爬上那个山坡。The car failed to climb the hill.The car failed to climb the hill.他们

22、不准这陌生人进入室内。他们不准这陌生人进入室内。They excluded the stranger from They excluded the stranger from entering the room.entering the room.你没有射中靶子。你没有射中靶子。You have just missed the target.You have just missed the target.公共场合请勿吐痰。公共场合请勿吐痰。Please refrain from spitting in the Please refrain from spitting in the public

23、 places.public places.下雨了，他没法出去。下雨了，他没法出去。Rain prevented him from going out.Rain prevented him from going out.欺骗与他的本质格格不入。欺骗与他的本质格格不入。Deception is foreign to his nature.Deception is foreign to his nature.他所做的事没有达到要求。他所做的事没有达到要求。What he has done falls short of the What he has done falls short of the

24、requirements.requirements.含否定意含否定意义义的形容的形容词词 形容词形容词(词组词组):):英语中有不少形容词英语中有不少形容词(词词组组),),肯定的形式暗含着否定概念肯定的形式暗含着否定概念,汉译汉译时用反译法译成否定句。常见的有时用反译法译成否定句。常见的有absent absent(from),empty of,free,far from,(from),empty of,free,far from,ignorant of,innocent,different ignorant of,innocent,different(from),least,lost,re

25、luctant,(from),least,lost,reluctant,short of,vacant,hard,devoid of,short of,vacant,hard,devoid of,other than,foreign to other than,foreign to 等。等。他是个寡言少语的人。他是个寡言少语的人。He is a man of few words.He is a man of few words.这地方没有天花和瘟疫。这地方没有天花和瘟疫。The place is safe from smallpox and The place is safe from sma

26、llpox and plague.plague.他不懂拉丁文。他不懂拉丁文。He is quite ignorant of Latin.He is quite ignorant of Latin.一些固定句型结构一些固定句型结构:1):1)形容词形容词(副词副词)的的比较级比较级+than to do+than to do 结构在某些条件下蕴结构在某些条件下蕴含着一种因果关系。当比较级表示原因含着一种因果关系。当比较级表示原因,than than 后的不定式表示结果则含有强烈的否后的不定式表示结果则含有强烈的否定意思。定意思。你英语掌握得这么好你英语掌握得这么好,不该犯这样的错误不该犯这样的错

27、误You have a better command of English You have a better command of English than to make such mistakes.than to make such mistakes.2)more than+2)more than+含有含有can can 的从句这种结构的从句这种结构表面是超出限度表面是超出限度,实际上是一种力所不实际上是一种力所不能及的否定能及的否定,译为译为“不能不能”。那地方景色之美非笔墨所能形容。那地方景色之美非笔墨所能形容。The beauty of the place is more than

28、 The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.I can describe.3)be+anything but+3)be+anything but+名词名词/形容词该结形容词该结构是一种语气很强的否定表达方式构是一种语气很强的否定表达方式,译译为为“根本不是根本不是”、“一点也不一点也不”。这项任务根本不容易这项任务根本不容易The task was anything but easy.The task was anything but easy.4)4)主语主语+be+the last+be+the last+名词名词+不定式不定式

29、/定语定语从句此结构是一种强有力的否定方式从句此结构是一种强有力的否定方式,意思意思为为“决不至于决不至于,最不最不(可能可能)的的”。我怎么也没料到会在这地方见到你我怎么也没料到会在这地方见到你This is the last place where I expected This is the last place where I expected to meet you.to meet you.5)5)在在“否定词十否定词十but”but”的结构中的结构中,but,but 当当作关系代词用作关系代词用,相当于相当于“which/who/that notwhich/who/that not

30、”,”,具有否定具有否定含义含义,也构成双重否定句也构成双重否定句差小多每个星期她都要给父母信。差小多每个星期她都要给父母信。Scarcely a week passes but she Scarcely a week passes but she writes to her parents.writes to her parents.6)nothing(nobody,now here,none)6)nothing(nobody,now here,none)so so butbut 无论无论只要只要就就(便便);无论多么困难的事无论多么困难的事,只要实践便会变得只要实践便会变得容易容易Ther

31、e is no thing so difficult but There is no thing so difficult but it becomes easy by practice.it becomes easy by practice.我全然不知道下一步该怎么办。我全然不知道下一步该怎么办。I am quite at a loss what to do I am quite at a loss what to do next.next.他对所有的警告充耳不闻。他对所有的警告充耳不闻。He turns a deaf ear to all He turns a deaf ear to al

32、l warnings.warnings.对他计划将公司出售一事，我们一对他计划将公司出售一事，我们一直蒙在鼓里直蒙在鼓里We were kept completely in the We were kept completely in the dark about his plan to sell the dark about his plan to sell the pany.我真不知该如何感谢你的恩惠。我真不知该如何感谢你的恩惠。Your kindness is more than I Your kindness is more than I can express.can express

33、.今天早晨我步行去上班而不是乘车去的。今天早晨我步行去上班而不是乘车去的。I went to work on foot instead of I went to work on foot instead of by bus this morning.by bus this morning.那位勇敢的士兵宁死也不肯向敌人屈服。那位勇敢的士兵宁死也不肯向敌人屈服。The brave soldier would sooner die The brave soldier would sooner die than yield to the enemy.than yield to the enemy.英

34、文否定，中文肯定英文否定，中文肯定Drinking too much will do no good Drinking too much will do no good to your health.to your health.过量饮酒有损于你的健康。过量饮酒有损于你的健康。They cannot but admit that in They cannot but admit that in certain aspects of science and certain aspects of science and technology we are far ahead of technolo

35、gy we are far ahead of them.them.他们不得不承认在某些科学技术方面，他们不得不承认在某些科学技术方面，我们远远领先于他们。我们远远领先于他们。Which family doesnt have Which family doesnt have problems.problems.家家有本难念的经。家家有本难念的经。We cannot estimate the value of We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.modern science too much.现代科学的价值越重视越好。现代科学的价值越重视越好。We cannot be too faithful to our We cannot be too faithful to our duties.duties.我们必须尽忠于自己的职责。我们必须尽忠于自己的职责。