专题 高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.pptx

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1、猜测词义 第1页/共49页 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.Lead-in(导入)第2页/共49页1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Ex

2、ample 例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义7.Context 上下文 第3页/共49页 It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的,脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.n.牧羊人牧羊人)第4页/共49页 信号词：be,be called,

3、means,be defined as ,that is,that is to say,in other words,-(破折号)等.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.蚊子沙漠第5页/共49页Ex.1 A person who is skilled at

4、 making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpentercarpenter.His uncle is a zoologistzoologist,an expert who does research on animals.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.木匠动物学家脊椎动物青春期第

5、6页/共49页“Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted.The very words create a picture:You can imagine a friend turning away so that,instead of a warm greeting,you receive only his shoulder a“cold”shoulder.The expression“getting the cold shoulder”mean

6、s _.A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB.greeting you friendlyC.greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D.feeding you cold meat第7页/共49页2.Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,though however,otherwise,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another

7、 thing,instead of 等。第8页/共49页 Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的节约的第9页/共49页Ex.2 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to

8、be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.混乱 无辜的 天生的 第10页/共49页Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.(v.v.不同意不同意)第11页/共49页3.

9、Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)第12页/共49页当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,asas,the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。Mother was tall

10、,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plumpplump as mother,and much shorter.圆胖的,第13页/共49页4.Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.(adj.adj.贫

11、穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.adj.大的大的)第14页/共49页因果关系 信号词:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elasticelastic.The river is so turbidturbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shall

12、ow.弹性的混浊的第15页/共49页5.Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有for instance,for example,such as:such,like,especially,include,consist of 等 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.n.电器用具电器用具)第16页/共49页 Cars must have

13、certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽装置第17页/共49页6.Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那

14、么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。第18页/共49页中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)第19页/共49页superman microwave(超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建)Can you guess the righ

15、t meanings?(微波)(非烟民)(发错音)(向东)第20页/共49页Today the sport is popular in Latin America,Asia and,unfortunately,in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.What does the word“unlawful”possibly mean?A.allowed by the lawC.against the lawB.in accordance with the lawD.ha

16、ving nothing to do with the lawPrefix(前缀）usualunusualhappy-unhappy第21页/共49页 Eg.Im going to buy a microbus.micro+bus 微型公共汽车 vThis possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.un+foresee+able 不可预见的第22页/共49页7.Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。第23页/共49页 Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightAa

17、bird Ban animal C.a star1）Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearAa bird Ban animal C.a starAAB(n.n.猫头鹰猫头鹰)第24页/共49页2）The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at a large,hairy ape at the zoo

18、 Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of birdA AA AC(n.猿)第25页/共49页8.8.Common sense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。第26页/共49页 When a doctor performs an operation on

19、a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and cont

20、racts when cooled.麻药波纹膨胀冷缩第27页/共49页 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状易挥发的 颤抖第28页/共49页 Inquiry-based Activiti

21、es(I)探究活动(1)第29页/共49页1.同位法。同位语部分同位法。同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了给出了 castle 的确切词义，的确切词义，即即“城堡城堡”。They traveled a long way,at last got to a castle,a large building in old times.第30页/共49页2.定义法。定语从句中who looks after sheep 就表明herdsman 的词义为牧人。The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan

22、 a year.第31页/共49页3.3.同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清同位法。两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明楚地表明night shift night shift 是是“夜班夜班”的意的意思。思。We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.第32页/共49页1.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence.A.time B.competition C.perseverance2.All his atte

23、mpts to unlock the door was futile,because he was using the wrong key.A.A.成功的成功的 B.B.徒劳的徒劳的C.C.有效的有效的D.D.匆促的匆促的第33页/共49页3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors.A.上级上级 B.前任前任 C.同事同事 D.下级下级4.She didnt hear what you said b

24、ecause she was completely engrossed in her reading.A.心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C.全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的第34页/共49页5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite sedate.A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic6.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.str

25、ong B.firm C.kind D.clever祝功成你!第35页/共49页7.The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry8.Just for fun,they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway.A.direct B.indirect C.straight祝功成你!第36页/共49页 Can you gue

26、ss the correct meanings of the following words?-1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山 B.树枝 C.冰河 D.冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever 3.Mr.Brown is now working

27、 at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用 B.借出 C.购买 D.参观 C CA AB B第37页/共49页 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest 5.The old woman

28、 has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的 B.古怪的 C.闲不住 D.动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士 B.温饱 C.非常贫困 D.虚弱 ABC第38页/共49页 Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动(2)第39页/共49页 A mans posi

29、tion among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his lineage(宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.hono

30、r B.endanger C.proud D.shame D第40页/共49页 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by sto

31、ning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping B第41页/共49页 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life

32、and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“What does the underlined word“tedioustedious”probably mean?”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing A.interesting

33、 B.tiresome C.relaxing D.challengingD.challengingB第42页/共49页 After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a

34、six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised D第43页/共49页 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。教

35、师点评第44页/共49页1.Definition 定义法3.Similarity 相似法2.Contrast 对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法5.Example 例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法猜测词义7.Context 上下文 SummarySummary第45页/共49页Homework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的猜测词义练习。第46页/共49页Any comment is welcome.Any comment is welcome.第47页/共49页Bye!第48页/共49页感谢您的观看！第49页/共49页