新世纪大学英语教师.pptx

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1、1.1 Word Web1.1 Word Web1.2 Discussion1.2 Discussion1.3 Listen and Respond1.3 Listen and RespondStep 11.Getting Prepared第1页/共74页Directions:What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word“Friendship.”Write down as many words as possible about it.intimacy（亲密）companionshipeverlastingsharePerp

2、etual(长久的)genuinepureconfidant（知己）mentorbuddycherishbelovedfriendshipfriendship1.1 Word Web第2页/共74页1.2 Discussion:Important Qualities for a friendDirections:Readthefollowinglistofqualitiescarefullyandchoosethethreemostimportantonesforafriend.Workingroupstodiscussyourchoices.Thendecidewhichqualitiesa

3、rethemostpopularinyourgroupandgiveyourreasons.adventurous dependable intelligent serious affectionate(showing love)easygoing kind sociable aggressive fun-loving respectful good-lookingdiligent athletic honest sensitive thoughtful warmhearted humorous understanding reliable第3页/共74页Listen to the passa

4、ge and answer the following questions.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.When do people become friends “for a reason”?3.What does“a friend for a season”mean?4.What is a lifetime friend?1.3 Listen and RespondIts mainly about three different types of friendship in our life,i.e.friendship for a reaso

5、n,friendship for a season,and friendship for a life timeWhen people need each other,they become“friends for a reason”It means a friend who comes into your life only for a short timeA life time friend is a single soul in two bodies.第4页/共74页1.People come into our life for _,a_or a_2.When you _ why peo

6、ple come into your life,you will know exactly what to do.3.When someone is in your life for a reason,it is usually to_,you have expressed outwardly in inwardly.They have come to help you out of a difficulty,or to provide you with_.4.When people come into your life for a season,they may bring you _or

7、 make you laugh.5.Lifetime friendships are based on _ between you and your friend.Lifetime friendships teach you lifetime_ and you should learn to _them.Listen to the passage again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard.seasonreasonlifetimefigure outmeet a needguidance and supportan

8、 experience of peacetrust and understandinglessonsaccept1.3 Listen and Respond第5页/共74页*Comprehension Questions*Discourse pattern*Text Structure *Language points*Cultural notes*Stylistic feature *Word exercise*Useful expressions*GrammarStep 12.Text Reading Global ReadingDetailed Reading After-reading

9、第6页/共74页Directions:Read Text A:What is Friendship and decide whether the following statements are true or false1.According to ancient scholars,friendship can be classified into three different types.()2.Friendship between the young is much easier to change than that between the elderly.()3.People li

10、nked by friendship,which is based on utility,stay together only when they are mutually useful.()4.Time and intimacy are the two prerequisites for the development of true friendship.()5.In order to preserve true friendship,people in a community should maintain the equal relationship between each othe

11、r.()2.1GlobalreadingComprehension Questions第7页/共74页1.According to ancient scholars,friendship can be classified intothreedifferenttypes.2.Friendshipbetweentheyoungismucheasiertochangethanthatbetweentheelderly.No.We may find three kinds of friendship according to Aristotle.No.Both the friendship base

12、d on utility and that on pleasure are changeable regardless of the age.F()F()2.1GlobalreadingComprehension Questions第8页/共74页3.Peoplelinkedbyfriendship,whichisbasedonutility,staytogetheronlywhentheyaremutuallyuseful.4.Timeandintimacyarethetwoprerequisitesforthedevelopmentoftruefriendship.5.Inordertop

13、reservetruefriendship,peopleinacommunityshouldmaintaintheequalrelationshipbetweeneachother.T()T()T()2.1GlobalreadingComprehension Questions第9页/共74页The passage What Is Friendship is an exposition talking about the nature of friendship.It compared two classical views and classified three components of

14、 friendship.How should we divide the passage into several parts according to the basic structure of an exposition?Read through the text and discuss with your partner.2.1GlobalreadingText Structure第10页/共74页Para.7Friendship is permanent between people who share a commitment to the good.Para.1Its neces

15、sary to review some classical views of friend-ship in order to acquire a better understanding of it.Main bodyPara.6Nature of friendship according to CiceroPara.25Three kinds of friendship according to AristotleIntroductionConclusion2.1GlobalreadingText Structure第11页/共74页Friendship is an eternal(永恒的)

16、theme(主题)in human history.A life without friendship is hard to imagine.But what is friendship?Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the true meaning of friendship.2.2DetailedReadinginsight:anaccurateanddeepunderstandingofacomplexsituationorproblem.深刻见解What Is Friends

17、hip?第12页/共74页Directions:Read the first paragraph and answer the following question.1.Why do people have little knowledge about what friendship really means?Comprehension QuestionsThere are no commonly accepted criteria for defining what friendship really means.2.2DetailedReading第13页/共74页When we appr

18、oach the notion of friendship,our firstproblemisthatthereisalackofsociallyacknowledgedcriteriaforwhatmakesapersonafriend.Inonesetting,wemaydescribesomeoneasafriend;inanother,thelabelmayseemlessappropriate.Therefore,peopletendtohaveaverythinunderstanding of what friendship really means.To help usunde

19、rstandwhatfriendshipreallymeans,weneedtoreviewsomeclassicalviewsoffriendship.What Is Friendship?Michele E.Doyle&Mark K.Smith2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?第14页/共74页notion:n.anidea,belieforconceptnotion1Our management system is based on the notions of personal equality and liberty.She has no no

20、tion of the difficulty of this problem.我们的管理体系是基于人的平等观念和自由观念而建立的。指一种模糊的、变化莫测的想法，无可靠的基础，是未经深思熟虑的、甚至让人觉得荒谬的观点。notion第15页/共74页criterion:n.astandardbywhichsth.isjudgedThe companys criterion for success is high sales.对一些出版商而言，评判一本书是否畅销的标准是长度而非内容。To some publishers,the _ _ is length rather than content.cr

21、iterioncriterion of a bookwhich will sell well第16页/共74页criterionCF:standard&criterionstandardcriterion 较正式，指判断、评价事物的标准，但不一定制成了规章。例如：这两个名词均含“标准”之意。指公认的衡量事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。例如：All restaurants in the town with a low standard of hygiene have been forced to close.城里所有卫生水准低的餐馆都被迫关门了。What are the criteria for

22、 deciding who gets the prize?以什么作标准评定获奖者？第17页/共74页1.Whatare“sociallyacknowledgedcriteria”?When we approach the notion of friendship,our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend.“Socially acknowledged criteria”are established standards t

23、hat are accepted by all the people in the society.2.Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofgoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.家财万贯又尚未结婚的男人一定需要一个贤内助，这是举世公认的一条真理。第18页/共74页Directions:Read paragraph 2 to 5 and answer the following question.1.What are the three kinds of friendship accor

24、ding to Aristotle?Comprehension QuestionsThey are friendship based on utility,friendship based on pleasure and friendship based on goodness.2.2DetailedReading第19页/共74页OneclassicalviewoffriendshipisprovidedbyAristotle,thefamousancientGreekphilosopher.Aristotledistinguishesbetweenwhathebelievestobegen

25、uinefriendshipsandtwoother forms:one based on mutual usefulness,the other onpleasure.So,accordingtoAristotle,wemayfindthreekindsoffriendship:2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?第20页/共74页Friendshipbasedonutility.Utilityis an impermanent thing:it changesaccordingtocircumstances.Whentheground for frie

26、ndship disappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksup.Friendshipsof this kind seem to occur mostfrequentlybetweentheelderly,becauseattheiragewhattheywantisnot pleasure but utility.Friendships based on utility are alsofrequently found among those in middle or early life who arepursuingtheirownadvantage.Suchper

27、sonsdonotspendmuchtime together,because sometimes they do not even like oneanother,and therefore feel no need of such an associationunlesstheyaremutuallyuseful.Theytakepleasureineachotherscompanyonlyinsofarastheyhavehopesofadvantagefromit.2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?第21页/共74页the moment.As t

28、hey grow up,however,their tasteschangetoo,sothattheyarequicktomakeandtobreakfriendships.Thatiswhythey fall in and out of friendshipquickly,changing their attitudeoften,evenwithinthesameday.Friendshipbasedonpleasure.Friendshipbetweentheyoungisthoughttobegroundedonpleasure,becausethelivesoftheyoungare

29、regulatedbytheirfeelings,andtheirchiefinterestsareintheirownpleasureandtheopportunityofFriendshipbasedongoodness.Perfectfriendshipisbasedongoodness.Onlythefriendshipofthosewhoaregood,andsimilarintheirgoodness,isperfect.Theconductofgoodmenisthesameorsimilar.Itisbetweengoodmenthatbothloveandfriendship

30、arechieflyfoundandinthehighestform.Suchfriendshipsarerareandtheyneedtimeandintimacy;2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?第22页/共74页forasthesayinggoes,truefriendsmustgothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.And no two persons can accept eachother and become friends until each hasprovedtotheotherthatheis

31、worthyoflove,andsowonhistrust.Thewishforfriendshipmay develop rapidly,but true friendshipdoesnot.2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?第23页/共74页ground:n.reason(s)orjustificationforsaying,doingorbelievingsth.She cant accept his ground for divorce.He has been fired from the job on the grounds of incomp

32、etence.a ground/grounds for 的理由on(the)grounds of 基于的原因on the grounds that因为Patterns:ground第24页/共74页ground:v.on:baseon根据，以为依据Sallys argument is soundly grounded on facts.基于对人类精神神圣性的信仰，他们认为灵魂是永恒的。groundThey believe the soul is immortal,grounding this belief on the Divine nature of the human spirit.第25

33、页/共74页pursue:vt.trytoachievesth.;continuesteadilywith;carryonShe decided to pursue her studies after obtaining her first degree.老板决定不再追查那事。Our boss has decided not to pursue the matter any further.她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。pursue sb.追求某人pursue a vocation从事一份职业pursue a hobby从事一项爱好pursue a goal追求一个目标Collocatio

34、ns:pursue第26页/共74页in so far as:onlytothedegreethat；onlyforthepurposethatThey moved to the downtown area in so far as they could spend less time on the way to work.为了能有所发现，他仍然坚持在这一领域的研究。He still continued his research in this field in so far as he could make some discoveries.in so far as第27页/共74页They

35、 take pleasure in each others company only in so far as they have hopes of advantage from it.1.Dotheyenjoybeingtogetherpurelybecausetheylikeeachother?No,they are together just because they expect to benefit from their relationship.2.Translatethissentence.只有当他们认为彼此有希望相互利用的时候，才会乐于呆在一起。第28页/共74页It is b

36、etween good men that both love and friendship are chiefly found and in the highest form.It is betweenParaphrasethissentence.Love and friendship are mainly found between good people and the love and friendship are of the best quality.第29页/共74页Directions:Read the sixth paragraph and answer the followi

37、ng question.1.What does Cicero emphasize in his definition of friendship?Comprehension QuestionsHe emphasizes the element of virtue in friendship.2.2DetailedReading第30页/共74页Another classical view of friendship can be found in thewritings of Cicero,an ancient Roman statesman and orator.According to C

38、icero,true friendship is only possible betweengood men.He further defines“the good”as“those whoseactions and lives leave no question as to their honor,purity,equity,andliberality;whoarefreefromgreed,lust,andviolence;andwhohavethecourageoftheirconvictions.”Thefriendshipbetweengoodmen,basedonvirtue,do

39、esoffermaterialbenefits,butitdoesnotseekthem.Allhumanbeingsarebondedtogetherinacommunityofsharedreason.Therefore,infriendships2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?and relationships,those who possess any superiority mustregardthemselvesasequalsofthosewhoarelessfortunate.Itisvirtuethatcreatesandpreser

40、vestruefriendship.第31页/共74页as to:onthesubjectof;concerningWe are puzzled as to how the accident happened.关于事故是如何发生的我们很迷惑。在记者招待会上他拒绝就此事发表任何评论。He refused to make any comments as to this event at the press conference.as to第32页/共74页He further defines“the good”as“those whose actions and lives leave no qu

41、estion as to their honor,purity,equity,and liberality;who are free from greed,lust,and violence;and who have the courage of their convictions.”1.Whatdoestheexpression“havethecourageoftheirconvictions”mean?It means“be brave enough to say and act on what they think is right even though other people ma

42、y not agree or approve.”2.Translatethissentence.他进而将“好人”定义为“那些行为和生活无损于自己的荣誉、纯洁、公平和开明的人；那些摆脱了贪婪、欲念和暴力的人；那些敢于依照自己的信念说话和做事的人。”第33页/共74页conviction:n.fixedorstrongbeliefIts my conviction that complacency is at the root of our troubles.我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源。Do you always act in accordance with your conviction

43、s?I find his behavior irresponsible beyond belief.我发觉他的所作所为不负责任到了简直令人难以置信的地步。CF:belief,faith&convictionbeliefconviction这些名词都有“相信”，“信任”之意较为普通，指单纯从主观上的相信，不涉及这种相信是否有根据。例如：第34页/共74页Shed made such promises before,and they lacked conviction.她以前也作过这样的许诺,但都不足信。CF:belief,faith&convictionconvictionconviction语

44、气较强，强调完全相信，有时也指仅凭感觉产生的相信。例如：faithI havent much faith in this medicine.我对这种药没有多大信心。多指根据长期交往或实践，对某人某事有了认识和了解后产生的信心和相信，强调其坚定性。例如：第35页/共74页preserve:vt.preservetoprevent(someoneorsth.)frombeingharmedordestroyedMother always tries to preserve family harmony.She managed despite everything to preserve her s

45、ense of humor.母亲总是在努力维持家庭和睦。More and more teenagers fail to preserve their eyesight and wear glasses.第36页/共74页preserveCF:preserve,conserve,reserve保护，保存。往往指对某种珍贵的物品进行保存，并含有一旦用完将很难找到替代品的含义，宾语多为能源、资源、力量等，但不以钱财为宾语。正式用语，意为“收藏，保存”，指为了防止损害、变质或腐烂而进行保存、深藏，强调使之完好或质量不变，其宾语往往为文献、食品、生命等。The government requests c

46、itizens to conserve water during the drought.Even in ancient times,people knew how to preserve their food from decay.We should conserve some of our strength for the last part of the fight.conservepreserve第37页/共74页preserve意为“保留、留存”，表示为了特定的目的而将某物留存一段时间，宾语可为钱财、房间、座位、资金、原料等。She reserved the best wine fo

47、r Christmas.Well reserve the ticket for you until tomorrow noon.NoteNote:conserveforests和preserveforests区别在于，前者指“有效利用、保存森林资源”，而后者指“保护森林使之不被破坏”。CF:preserve,conserve,reservereserve第38页/共74页Directions:Read the sixth paragraph and answer the following question.Comprehension Questions4.Whatismeantby“virt

48、uousfriends”accordingtotheclassicalview?Virtuous friends possess moral excellence and share a commitment to the good.2.2DetailedReading第39页/共74页Thus,we may see that thetraditional idea of friendship is madeupofthreecomponents:Friendsmustenjoy each others company;theymustbeusefultooneanother;andtheym

49、ustshareacommitmenttothegood.Accordingtotheclassicalviews,virtuousfriendsareboundtogether,asthey recognize each others moralexcellence.2.2DetailedReadingWhat Is Friendship?Toperceiveafriend,therefore,istoperceiveoneself;andtoknowafriendistoknowoneself.Eachcanbesaidtoprovideamirrorinwhichtheothermays

50、eehimself.Throughnetworksofsuchvirtuousfriends,wecandevelopasharedideaofthegoodandpursueittogether.Friendshipofthiskindispermanent,becauseinitareunitedalltheattributesthatfriendsoughttopossess.第40页/共74页commitment:n.aresponsibilityorpromisetofollowcertainbeliefsoracertaincourseofactionMany young peop