新视界大学英语综合教程4Unit7.pptx

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1、Watch the video clip about Michael Phelps learning Chinese,supposed you are his teacher,try to find out his problem and give some suggestion.Warming up第1页/共119页Warming up Match the scripts with the languages.Answer:1(a)2(c)3(e)4(b)5(f)6(d)第2页/共119页Warming up Work in pairs and discuss the questions.W

2、hich of the languages in Activity 1 do you think would be the easiest to learn?Why?Which do you think would be the most difficult?What is the easiest thing about learning English?4 What is the most difficult thing about learning English?第3页/共119页Warming up Work in pairs and discuss the questions.1 W

3、hy would speakers of English want to learn Chinese?2 What difficulties do you think they might have?3 What might they find easy?4 How many characters do you think a foreigner needs to know to be able to read Chinese?5 Do you think Chinese grammar is more or less difficult than English grammar?Now re

4、ad the passage and compare your answers with the writers.第4页/共119页SkimmingBrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Answer the questions of Activity 2 and 3 on page 137.TaskTask第5页/共119页Skimming Match the facts with the correct numbers.Answer:(d)2(c)3(h)4(b)5(g)6(a)7(e)8(f)(a)

5、about seven(b)no more than 20(c)40(d)over 500(e)about 480(f)about 2,200(g)about 5,000(h)1.3 billion Now work in pairs and discuss which fact you find most surprising,and why.第6页/共119页Skimming Answer the questions.1 Why is the writer learning Chinese?What is going to happen to English in the future?2

6、What makes learning Chinese difficult for English speakers?For her work in Beijing.English will decline as a world language.Having to learn thousands of characters,and the tone system.第7页/共119页SkimmingWhy does the writer say that her teacher makes things difficult?5 How does Chinese differ from Engl

7、ish in its representation of meaning?She does not adequately understand her students difficulties in learning Chinese.In written form,a word/character primarily represents a meaning in Chinese,but in English a series of sounds.第8页/共119页Lessons to be learnt译文译文Digging1 Ive been spending several years

8、 learning Chinese for my work here in Beijing,so the latest news that theres to be a new campaign to introduce the language into US schools,and a recent report estimating that over 500 schools in the UK are teaching it prompts me to tell you something which you may not want to hear:Learning Chinese

9、is really,really tough.Background information第9页/共119页Digging2 After Canada and Mexico,China is the US biggest trading partner.UK exports to China are expected to multiply by four times by the end of the decade,and its government wants every school,college and university to be twinned with an equiva

10、lent institution in China.With the importance of English as an international language set to decline over the next 40 years,its not surprising that this fall is matched by a rise of interest in learning Chinese.第10页/共119页译文译文Digging3 Chinese culture is one of the great wonders of the world.Its philo

11、sophy,art,food and literature show both delicate appeal and humanity in equal measure.第11页/共119页译文译文Digging4 But I have to say that if learning is a journey,its sometimes hard to keep your eye on your destination when there are so many other sights to see which slow you down on the path towards flue

12、ncy.And no one said it would be an endurance test.第12页/共119页译文译文Digging5 Youve heard of the Long March?Well,that was a stroll in the park,compared to what its like to learn Chinese.第13页/共119页译文译文Digging6 So,if 1.3 billion Chinese dont have a problem with their own language,why do dumb foreigners lik

13、e me find it so hard to learn?第14页/共119页译文译文Digging7 First of all,learning thousands of characters is a chore,and theres nothing for it but to learn them by heart.Even using a dictionary has its own set of problems.For example,how do you look up the meaning of a character?Ive spent hours trying to m

14、atch what I think is the radical with the list in the middle of my Chinese-English dictionary,then hunting down the character matched with its pinyin(Roman alphabet)equivalent,then turning to the dictionary entry itself,and looking for the character and eliminating all those with wrong meanings unti

15、l I find the right one.It takes a lot of patience,it can be very disappointing,and my disgraceful strike rate is scarcely 20 characters an hour.第15页/共119页译文译文Digging8 Language experts estimate that you“only”need to learn about 5,000 characters to have a working knowledge of Chinese.(I just love that

16、“only”!)They also say its desirable to see and revise a character about seven times in different contexts in order to retain it and use it productively.9 So you do the maths.第16页/共119页译文译文Digging10 Learning Chinese is already tough,but learning with an unqualified teacher makes it even more difficul

17、t.In our first lesson,we learnt our first Chinese character 家.Our teacher told us that Chinese people are able to see the original representation of meaning in the character.She drew it on the whiteboard.It means home.Good.She then explained that its meant to illustrate a pig under a roof.Thats good

18、 too.Then she asked,“Can you see the pig?”11 No?第17页/共119页译文译文Digging12“There it is,cant you see?”she enquired.13 I see no pig.14“And can you see the roof?”15 Well,I suppose so,but only if I had lost my glasses or,possibly,was drunk.But to please my teacher I said,yes I can see the roof,just a bit o

19、f a blur,thats all.16“Thats the pig under the roof.That means home!”said my teacher,in a voice celebrating the glory of Chinese.第18页/共119页Digging17 Have I finished with the bad news?18 Not yet.The tone system means that a single character can have different meanings according to the tone used to pro

20、nounce it.What are the odds I call my mother a horse?And its easy to misunderstand and be misunderstood,and even worse if you travel around the country,as the tones can vary from province to province.第19页/共119页Digging19 So is there any good news?20 Well,I concede that grammar is easier to crack than

21、 most European languages.There are no verb tenses to manipulate,no singular and plurals,no relative clauses.(Confusingly,theres also no difference in pronunciation of the character for he and she.For me,its a fairly basic distinction,but maybe Im being Ms Picky.)第20页/共119页Digging21 But back in class

22、 again,I noticed that by the words in the vocabulary list there is a part of speech marked,noun,adjective,verb.When I look back at my vocabulary notes,I see that some words can function as nouns and as verbs,and others such as guo,ba or le are called particles,but dont have an obvious function.They

23、have meaning,and without them the meaning of the sentence is changed,but it seems strange to use a system invented to analyze European languages.Does this compound all the difficulties?第21页/共119页Digging22 Similarly,I begin to wonder how Chinese can express complex concepts.Take one character and it

24、has a denotational meaning,which you can usually find in a dictionary.Combine this character with another and you create a concept which is new and different.Combine them with more characters and you further develop this concept.第22页/共119页Digging23 Is this so different from English?Well,yes,because

25、by this time,you need to interpret the combination of characters to understand what it means.It doesnt mean the sum of its isolated,denotational meanings,but the sum of its connotational(or implicit)meanings!第23页/共119页Digging24 But everyone who uses the language has to agree on the connotations of e

26、ach of the characters,and if they dont,then surely theres a risk of being vague or of a lack of precision or faulty grammar.So how does Chinese express complex and precise concepts?第24页/共119页Digging25 What compensates for all the difficulties is that learning Chinese is like playing chess or doing t

27、he crossword.Its totally absorbing,and its not the right word,but how else can I say it?I enjoy myself.Its not just a gradual process of language acquisition,it inspires ongoing questions about the meaning of communication and the power of language.Its a very beautiful,deeply inspiring,and thrilling

28、 challenge.I have to keep going,as the journey will fascinate me as much as the arrival at my destination.第25页/共119页Digging26 But how long will it take?27 Some statistics suggest that an educated English speaker needs 1,300 hours to achieve a proficiency corresponding to an educated native speaker o

29、f Chinese,while it would only take about 480 hours to achieve a comparable level in French or Spanish.Others reckon that 1,300 hours isnt sufficient,and that its closer to 2,200 hours.第26页/共119页Digging28 Thats quite a few lessons to be learnt.29 Michael Phelps,the great Olympic champion swimmer at t

30、he Beijing Olympic Games,is learning Chinese too.During an interview in 2008,he made a famous declaration Ill never forget.“Its easier to win eight gold medals at the Olympic Games than it is to learn Chinese.”30 Hes not making it up.Hes right.Main idea of the text第27页/共119页1.and its government want

31、s every school,college and university to be twinned with an equivalent institution in China.(Line 5,Para 2)be twinned with an equivalent institution in China:to sign an agreement with a“sister”organization in China for joint activitiesDifficult sentences 第28页/共119页Difficult sentences 2.Well,that was

32、 a stroll in the park,compared to what its like to learn Chinese.(Line 1,Para 5)a stroll in the park:an idiom meaning something which is easy to do第29页/共119页Difficult sentences 3.and my disgraceful strike rate is scarcely 20 characters an hour.(Line 14,Para 7)strike rate:one of the statistics used i

33、n the sport baseball/cricket.Here it is used metaphorically to mean success rate.第30页/共119页Difficult sentences 4.(I just love that“only”!)(Line 3,Para 8)The expression is used sarcastically of anything one wants to scream about.Here it is the implication in only that learning 5,000 characters is a s

34、imple task.第31页/共119页Difficult sentences 5.So you do the maths.(Para 9)The expression“do the math”here means to work it out.第32页/共119页Difficult sentences 6.For me,its a fairly basic distinction,but maybe Im being Ms Picky.(Line 6,Para 20)Here Ms Picky refers to a difficult fussy person.第33页/共119页Dif

35、ficult sentences 7.Does this compound all the difficulties?(Line 11,Para 21)Does this make the difficulties worse?第34页/共119页prompt 释义vt.to make someone decide to do something 促使，导致例句 The decision prompted steel workers to strike.这个决定促使钢铁工人下决心罢工。翻译WordsWords例句News of the scandal prompted the investig

36、ation.关于这件丑闻的新闻报道促使对此事展开调查。翻译第35页/共119页释义vi.to increase by a large amount 大量增加WordsWords例句Dont let your troubles multiply,just take them one by one.别让问题堆积如山，一个一个着手解决。翻译例句The spirits of love and gratitude multiply when they are shared.爱和感恩之心在与他人一起分享时会成倍增长。翻译multiply 第36页/共119页释义1v.(BrE)(AmE review)to

37、 read and learn information that you have studied in order to prepare for an examination 复习 WordsWords例句Id better skip the party and stay at home to revise.我最好还是不去参加这个聚会，留在家里温习功课。翻译例句Have you revised the work we did last term?你复习我们上学期学的内容了吗？翻译revise 第37页/共119页释义2vt.to change something because of new

38、 information or ideas 改变，修正WordsWords例句The plan was revised and the fee lowered to 600.计划作了修改，费用降至600美元。翻译例子He soon came to revise his opinion of the profession.他很快就改变了对这个职业的看法。翻译revise 第38页/共119页释义v.(also inquire)to ask someone for information about something 询问，打听WordsWords例句I am writing to inquir

39、e about subscribing to your magazine.我写此信是为了询问贵杂志订阅事宜。翻译例句I inquired as to whether I could park for free before going to that shopping mall.我去商场之间询问过是否可以免费停车。翻译 enquire 第39页/共119页释义1n.U great beauty 壮丽，绚丽；辉煌例句The designs reflect the glories of French fashion.这些设计反映出了法国时装的辉煌。翻译WordsWords例句翻译The sun e

40、merged from behind the clouds in all its glory.太阳从云层后钻出，光芒四射。glory 第40页/共119页释义2n.U admiration and praise that you get because you have done something impressive 荣誉，光荣例句翻译WordsWords例句Becoming a Supreme Court judge was the crowning glory of her legal career.翻译成为最高法院法官是她法律职业生涯中的最高荣耀。At 19 he won glory

41、 as an Olympic champion.他19岁的时候就获得了奥林匹克冠军的荣誉。glory 第41页/共119页释义n.(pl)the chance of something happening(某事发生的)机会，可能性例句The odds of getting hit by a falling satellite are very small.被坠落的卫星砸中的可能性是极小的。翻译WordsWords例句翻译What are the odds of finding a parking space right outside the door?在门口就能找到停车位的可能性有多大？od

42、ds 第42页/共119页释义1vt.to solve a complicated problem or find the answer to a mystery 解决，破解，破译例句He has finally cracked the system after years of painstaking research.经过多年的努力研究，他终于找到了破解这个系统的办法。翻译WordsWordscrack 第43页/共119页释义2 vt.to damage something so that a line or long narrow hole appears on its surface

43、,but it does not break into pieces 使裂开，使破裂例句A gas main had cracked under my neighbours garage and gas had seeped into our homes.邻居车库下面的煤气总管裂开了，煤气渗入了我们家。翻译WordsWords例句A strong earthquake cracked buildings in northwest China.一场强地震把中国西北部的建筑物震裂了。翻译crack 第44页/共119页释义1vt.to skillfully handle,control,or us

44、e something（熟练地）控制，操作，使用例句 The technology uses a pen to manipulate a computer.这项技术使用一支笔来操作电脑。翻译WordsWordsmanipulate 例句Players manipulate characters on the screen using a joystick.玩游戏者利用一根操纵杆来操纵屏幕上的人物。翻译第45页/共119页释义2vt.to inluence someone or control something in a clever or dishonest way（以巧妙或不诚实的方式）影

45、响，操纵，摆布例句He is a very difficult character.He manipulates people.他是个极难对付的角色，总是把人玩弄于股掌之间。翻译WordsWords例句Students were outraged that someone could use their newspaper to manipulate them.翻译学生们因有人能利用他们的报纸来操纵他们而被激怒了。manipulate 第46页/共119页释义vt.to make a problem or diicult situation worse 加大（困难）；加重 PhrasesPhr

46、ases例句翻译 Additional bloodshed and loss of life will only compound the tragedy.额外的流血和牺牲只会加重这场悲剧。例句翻译The problem is compounded by the medical system here.这儿的医疗体制使问题进一步恶化。compound 第47页/共119页释义例句翻译利维的声明可以被看作是含蓄的认罪。Levys statement could be understood as an implicit admission of guilt.a.not stated directl

47、y,but expressed in the way someone behave,or understood from what they are saying 不直言的，不言明的，暗示的，含蓄的PhrasesPhrases例句翻译This is seen as an implicit warning not to continue with military action.这被视为一个停止军事行动的含蓄警告。implicit 第48页/共119页释义例句翻译为了弥补过去受到的歧视，更多的妇女将被提升。More women will be promoted in order to compe

48、nsate for discrimination in the past.vi.to change or remove the bad result of something 补偿，弥补PhrasesPhrases例句翻译To ease financial difficulties,farmers could be compensated for their loss of subsidies.为了缓解经济困难，农场主们损失的补贴会得到补偿。compensate 第49页/共119页释义例句翻译我们看到劳动条件正在逐步改善。Were seeing gradual improvement in

49、labor conditions.a.gradual processes and changes happen slowly and by small amounts 逐渐的，渐渐的，逐步的PhrasesPhrases例句翻译Over the past year,her friends have noticed gradual changes in her behavior.过去一年来，朋友们注意到她的举止逐渐发生了变化。gradual 第50页/共119页释义例句翻译a.as much as is needed 足够的，充足的PhrasesPhrases例句翻译sufficient 绝大部分

50、卧室只用床头照明是不够的。Bedside lighting alone is not sufficient for most bedrooms.There was not sufficient evidence to secure a conviction.没有足够的证据来定罪。第51页/共119页释义例句翻译to try to find a particular thing or person 找到，追寻PhrasesPhraseshunt downThose criminals who do not come forward should be hunted down.对于那些不肯自首的罪