专题06 阅读理解人与自然-2023年高考英语阅读完形名校好题100篇(解析版).docx

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1、阅读理解人与自然2022重庆,重庆一中校考模拟预测1. 2022安徽,芜湖一中校联考一模2022河南郑州郑州外国语学校校考模拟预测2. 2023河北衡水河北衡水中学校考模拟预测2022湖北黄冈黄冈中学校考二模3. 2022湖南长沙长沙一中校考模拟预测2022江苏南京校联考模拟预测4. 2022山西太原太原十二中统考模拟预测2022广东,广东实验中学校考模拟预测5. 2022全国高考真题A（2022重庆重庆一中校考模拟预测）Environmental restoration projects in Shaanxi province! Qinling Mountains were not cond

2、ucted in a timely manner, a central government inspection team has revealed, urging provincial government departinents to better shoulder their environmental protection responsibilities.The Qinling Mountains arc a geographically important north-south boundary in China and home to more than 2, 600 pl

3、ant species and 300 animal species including giant pandas. In the last couple of decades, the Qinling Mountains have attracted many investment projects due to their rich natural and historical resources, dotting the area with hundreds of small coal and mineral mines, which led to serious damage to t

4、he local environment.In December 2019, the provincial government banned all exploring and mining activities in key protected areas of the mountains and told enterprises already established there to gradually leave. After 169 mining companies departed, environmental restoration was conducted slowly,

5、“the inspection team told the provincial government. 4iThe target of restoring 1,000 hectares of abandoned mines by 2020 has yet to be achieved.nIt said 64 tailings ponds in the area have not been closed as required, while the soil and rocks removed from some abandoned mines arc illegally occupying

6、nearby forests or grassland. The inspection team also noted other environmental problems in Shaanxi, such as the illegal us of underground water and pollution along the Yellow River due to the improper treatment of pollutant discharges from nearby mines and factories.“The provincial government shoul

7、d maintain a firm attitude to safeguard Qinling, the bio-safety barrier in“We deliberately left out some calculations during training,Schluessel explains. Namely, 3+1 and 3-1.” After the learning phase, the animals got to see these two tasks fbr the first time. But even in those tests, they signific

8、antly often chose the correct answer. This was true even when they had to decide between choosing four or five objects after being shown a blue 3 that is, two outcomes that were both greater than the initial value. In this case, the fish chose four over five, indicating they had not learned the rule

9、 “chose the largest (or smallest) amount presented but the rule 4talways add or subtract one”.17. How did the researchers tell the fish what to do?A. They used diflerent colors to represent difterent calculations.B. They showed different numbers by various shapes.C. They asked the fish fbr the resul

10、t after showing geometric shapes.D. They associated geometric shapes with colors.18. What did the researchers intend to teach the fish in the training?A. They can get food when swimming to the correct picture.B. Blue means “add one,“ and yellow means “subtract one”.C. Math plays an important role in

11、 ones life.D. Five squares in the blue means food.19. Why did the researchers left out some calculations during the training?A. To prove that the fish finish the task by memorizing numbers.B. To indicate the fish can do complicated tasks.C. To show an important rule the fish had not learned.D. To ch

12、eck whether the fish can apply this knowledge to new tasks.20. What is the major finding of the research?A. Some fish can perform math tasks by memory.B. Cichlids and stingrays have simple math abilities.C. All fish are smarter than we used to think.D. Scientific training is the key to math.【语篇解读】这是

13、一篇说明文，研究表明，慈媚和黄貂鱼两种鱼有简单的数学能力。17. A 解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers showed the fish a collection of geometric shapes fbr example, four squares. If these objects were colored blue, this meant 4add one fbr the following discrimination. Yellow, on the other hand, meant subtract one（研究人员向这些鱼展示了一系列几何形状, 例如

14、，四个正方形。如果这些物体是蓝色的，这意味着，加一来进行下面的区分。另方面，黄色的意 思是，减）“可知，研究人员用不同的颜色来代表不同的计算来告诉鱼怎么做。故选A。18. B 解析细节理解题。根据第三段讲述的训练过程及最后一句Over time, they learned to associate the blue color with an increase of one in the amount shown at the beginning, and the yellow number with a decrease.（随着时间的推移，它们学会了将蓝色与开始显示的数量加一联系起来，而将黄

15、色与数量减少 联系起来）”可知，研究者想要教会鱼蓝色代表“加一”，黄色代表减一 故选B项。19. D【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“We deliberately left out some calculations during training （我们在 训练期间故意省略了一些算式）和After the learning phase, the animals got to sec these two tasks for the first time. But even in those tests, they significantly often chose the correct

16、answer.（学习阶段结束后，动物们 第次看到了这两个任务。但即使在这些测试中，它们也往往选择了正确答案）可知，研究者故意遗漏 一些算式，是为了看看鱼是否能将学到的知识（蓝色代表“加I ”，黄色代表“减一”）应用到新的任务中， 结果证明鱼能把所学东西运用于实践。故选D。20. B 解析细节理解题。根据第一段“Suppose there are some coins on the table in front of you. If the number is small, you can tell right away exactly how many there are. You dont

17、even have to count them a single glance is enough. Cichlids and stingrays, two kinds of fish, are astonishingly similar to us in this respect: they can detect small quantities precisely and presumably without counting. For example, they can be trained to reliably distinguish quantities of three from

18、 quantities of fbur.（假设:你面前的桌子上有一些硬币。如果这个 数字很小，你可以马上知道到底有多少。你甚至不必数一数，一眼就够了。慈鲫和黄貂鱼这两种鱼类 在这方面与我们惊人地相似：它们可以精确地检测到少量的鱼，而且可能不需要计数。例如，可以训 练他们可靠地区分三的数量和四的数量）”和及最后一段中“In this case, the fish chose four over five, indicating they had not learned the rule “chose the largest （or smallest） amount presented but t

19、he rule “always add or subtract one”.（在这种情况下，鱼选择了 4而不是5,表明它们没有学习，选择最大（或最小）的数 量的规则，但学习了总是加或减1的规则）”可知，这项研究的主要发现是慈酗和黄貂鱼有简单的数学 能力。故选F（2022湖南长沙,长沙一中校考模拟预测）A study has shown how ccotourism in the Philippines has transformed peoples attitudes towards marine（海洋的）conscn ation.Researchers from the University

20、of Victoria in Canada and other institutes in Philippines, visited three sites where tourists pay to swim with whale sharks in the wild. They interviewed a range of locals in Oslob, Donsol and Pintuyan, including fishers and ex-whale shark hunters. At Oslob, the largest of the three sites, people we

21、re more likely to speak about the resulting improvements to their quality of life and an increase in job opportunities. At the smaller, less profitable sites, responses were more likely to be about the changes in. how people behaved towards the sharks.Dr. Jackie Ziegler, who led the teain from the u

22、niversitys Marine Protected Areas Research Group, said, “Many of the people we spoke to reported they now care about and value whale sharks because of tourism activities. They also expressed the communitys emotional connection to the species and the strong need to protect them. Before the introducti

23、on of tourist activities, most of the locals admitted to harming the sharks by hitting them with stones, harpoons, paddles, dynamite or riding them. In terms of attitudes towards the wider marine environment, the majority of respondents now actively encourage others to care fbr the ocean and they al

24、so use more sustainable（可持续的）fishing practices.The study also acknowledged the potential negative effects of tourisin on the marine environment, such as impacts on the health of local coral reefs and of the sharks. It concluded that fiirther studies were needed to assess these impacts before firm co

25、nclusions could be drawn regarding the positive impact of whale shark tourism on ocean conservation.Nevertheless, the researchers say their work suggests ccotourism can be an effective means of strengthening protection. was fascinating to hear the importance so many local Filipino communities place

26、on whale shark tourism. Bringing in the views of the local tour operators to the study was imperative（:必要的）in uncovering the true impact of whale shark tourism and the wider benefits to ocean conservation in the Philippines/ Dr Ziegler added.21. What do the local people concerned least according to

27、Paragraph 2?A.Improvements oflife.B.Behaviors towards sharks.C.Increases of workchances.D.Relationshipsbetweenpeople.22. Which word can best describe locals action towards marine lite before ecotourism?A.Protective.B.Satisfying.C.Unsustainable.D.Beneficial.23. What will be the fbcus of the future re

28、search on tourism?A. Influences on the health of other marine species.B. Strategics fbr carrying out marine ccotourism.C. A mounts of benefits from ocean conservation.D. Importance of protecting the local whale sharks.24. What may be the best title of the text?A. Ecotourism Has Brought Large Benefit

29、s to PeopleEcotourism Does Much Good to Marine Life as BeforeB. Marine ecotourism Gives Rise to a New Kind of BusinessEcotourism Transforms Locals Attitudes to Marine Conservation【语篇解读】本文是一片说明文。本文主要介绍了一项研究结果，生态旅游可以转变人们对于海洋保护的 态度。21. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ At Oslob, the largest of the three sites, people

30、 were more likely to speak about the resulting improvements to their quality of life and an increase in job opportunities. At the smaller, less profitable sites, responses were more likely to be about the changes in how people behaved towards the sharks.（在这三个网站中最大的Oslob,人们更愿意谈论由此带来的生活质量的改善和就业机 会的增加。

31、在规模较小、利润较低的网站，人们的反应更可能是人们对待鲨鱼行为的变化）“可知，当地 人关心生活质量的改善，就业机会的增加和人们对鲨鱼的行为，所以不关心的是：人与人之间的关系。 故选D。22. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Before the introduction of tourist activities, most of the locals admitted to harming the sharks by hitting them with stones, harpoons, paddles, dynamite or riding them.（在弓I 入旅游,舌 动之前，大多

32、数当地人承认用石头、鱼叉、船桨、炸药或骑着鲨鱼来伤害鲨鱼）“可知，在生态旅游之前 人们对海洋生物的行为是“不可持续的故选C。23. A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“It concluded that further studies were needed to assess these impacts before firm conclusions could be drawn regarding the positive impact of whale shark tourism on ocean conservation它的结论是，在得出关于鲸鲨旅游对海洋保护的积极影响的确切结论之

33、前，需要进 一步的研究来评估这些影响）“可知，将来对旅游业的研究重点是对海洋生物的影响。故选A。24. D【解析】主旨大意题。结合文章第一段中“A study has shown how ecotourism in the Philippines has transformed peoples attitudes towards marine（海洋的）conservation.（一项研究表明，菲律宾的生态旅游改 变了人们对海洋保护的态度。广可知，文章主要讲述的是一项研究结果，即生态旅游可以让人们转变对 海洋保护的态度。故选D。(2022江苏南京校联考模拟预测)With no special e

34、quipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewiided (重新野化)，in large part due to the efforts of jays, which actually “engineered” these new woodlands. Researchers now hope that rewilding projects can take a more natural and hands-ofl approach and that j

35、ays can shed some of their bad reputations.The two fields, which researchers have called the New Wilderness and the Old Wilderness, had been abandoned in 1996 and 1961 respectively. The former was a bare field, while the latter was grasslandboth lay next to ancient woodlands. Researchers had suspect

36、ed that the fields would gradually return to wilderness, but it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened, and how much of it was owed to birds.Using aerial data, the researchers monitored the two sites. After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132

37、 live trees per hectare, over half of which (57%) were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.“This native woodland restoration was approaching the structure (but not the species composition) of long-established woodlands within six

38、 decades J the researchers explained in the study.Part of this reforestation was done by the wind, and researchers suspect that previous ground disturbance may have aided the woodland establishment-which is good news, as it would suggest that agricultural areas may be reforested faster than anticipa

39、ted. However, animalsEurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrelsalso played an important role in helping the forests take shape. This handful of species provided much of the natural regeneration needed fbr the forest to develop. Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting.25.

40、 What does the underlined word shed in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Be opposed to.B. Be ashamed ofGet used to.C. Get rid of.26. Which aspect of the changes in the two fields impressed the researchers?A. The scale of the woodlands.B. The diversity of the fields.C. The rate of the changes.D. The frequency

41、of the wilderness.27. What docs the author want to tell us by providing some data in Paragragh 3?A. The woodland restoration was approaching the structure of long-established ones.B. Much of the wilderness of the fields was owed to birds.C. Previous ground disturbance aided the woodland establishmen

42、t.D. How quickly the fields returned to wilderness over time.28. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A. The essential role of humans in the reforestation.B. The factors that contribute to the reforestation.C. The importance of woodland establishment.D. The threats faced by a handful of wi

43、ld animals.【语篇解读】本文是篇说明文。文章通过研究、检测英国的两块废弃农田被重新野生化的过程，得出结 论，重新造林速度比预期要快，并且该过程有了风力和一些为数不多的物种的帮助后，能够加速大自然的 更新。25. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“With no special equipment, no fences and no watering, two abandoned agricultural fields in the UK have been rewilded （重新野化），in large part due to the efforts ofjays, （在没有特

44、殊设备、没有围栏、没有浇水的情况下，英国的两块废弃农田被重新野生化，这在很大程度 上要归功于松鸦的努力。）”以及后文“some of their bad reputations（一些坏名声）”可知，松鸦本来是有着 坏名声的鸟类，但却帮助两块废弃农田重新野生化。所以是摆脱了坏名声。故选D。26. C 解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段“it was impressive to see just how quickly this happened （但令人印 象深刻的是，这一切发生得如此之快。）”可知，工作人员认为废弃农田重新野生化的速度非常令人印象 深刻。故选C。27. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文

45、章第三段“After just 24 years, the New Wilderness had grown into a young, healthy wood with 132 live trees per hectare, over half of which （57%） were oaks. Meanwhile, the Old Wilderness resembled a mature woodland after 39 years, with 390 trees per hectare.（仅仅 24 年之后，新荒野 就长成了一棵年轻、健康的树林，每公顷有132棵活树，其中超过一半（

46、57%）是橡树。与此同时，老荒 野在39年后变成了一个成熟的林地，每公顷有390棵树。户可知，作者进行了数据的对比，表示仅仅 24年，新荒野就变成了树林，而39年后，老荒野就成了成熟的林地。由此可知，作者展示大量数据是 为了告诉我们废田地重新野生化能有多快。故选D。28. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Part of this refbrestation was done by the wind,（部分重新造林 是由风完成的。）、“However, animalsEurasian jays, thrushes, wood mice, and squirrelsalso played

47、an important role in helping the forests take shapc.（然而，欧亚松鸦、鹑鸟、木鼠和松鼠等动物也在帮助森林 形成中发挥了 重要作用 o ） ”以及“Jays, in particular, seem to have done a lot of heavy lifting尤其是松鸦， 它们似乎做了很多繁重的工作。厂可知，风力、松鸦、木鼠等动物在重新造林中发挥了重要的作用。由 此可知，作者最后一段是在列举帮助重新造林的各项因素。故选B。H（2022山西太原 太原十二中统考模拟预测）Suy credits his interest in photog

48、raphy to a French journalist he met in 2000. Since 2012. he has used his love of photography for a good cause: protecting wildlife. As more and more animal species began to disappear from Kandal Province, he grew worried. So he created a photo project which he hoped would bring more attention to the

49、 loss of natural habitats in Cambodia.He hopes to educate Cambodians about the importance of bird species and the effect they have on nature. He said, “The biggest issue is the damage to habitats and poaching.Besides that, it is due to the demand from the rich who desire wild meat and who consider wild meat chemical-free.His