03+非谓语动词【知识串讲】-备战2023年高考英语语法知识串讲与运用(通用版).docx
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1、备战2023年高考英语语法知识串讲03非谓语动词非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分 词),即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。一、不定式的定义及用法1 .做主语It took us four hours to finish the work.动词不定式做主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It + be + adj. (+for sb. / of sbo ) + to do sth.; It + takes/took + sb. + some time + to do slh。
2、注意:形式主语结构中如果使用表示人的品质的形容词,如I kind, nice, clever等时,应当使用of sb.的结构。例如:k is very nice of you to help me with the project.2 .做宾语Jamie Oliver wants to improve school dinners.有此动词后面只能用不定式做宾语,如want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect, would like等。有些动词后面可以用不定式也可以用动名词做宾语,含义相同,如like, start, begin等;有些动 词后面可以用不定式也可
3、以用动名词做宾语,含义不同,如stop, remember, forget, try, regret, mean 等。形式宾语,结构为:主语+谓语(表示内心活动如:find, think等)+il +adj. + to do sth。例如:I find it interesting to learn calligraphy o有些动词后加不带 to 的不定式做宾语,如 had better, would rather, would/ could you please, why not, why don t you 等。复合不定式结构做宾语。We didnt know what to do wi
4、th the big sofa.注意:复合不定式结构中,要区别what to do和how to do it。名师点睛:有些结构中的t。并不是不定式的标志而是介词,后面要加名词,代词或动名词。其他常用动词短语还有:pay attention to, be/get/become used to, be known (o, be/get married to, see to, belong to 等。3 .做宾语补足语不定式做宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。后面常加不定式做宾语补足语的谓语动词有: tell, ask, want, allow, get, encourage 等。在一些使役动词
5、和感官动词后也使用不定式做宾语补足语,但此时不定式要省略to。有一口诀 可以快速有效记忆这些动词:四看(see, watch, notice, observe)三让(make, let, have)两听(hear, listen to)感觉(feel)半帮助(help)例如:Reading can make you grow better, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.注意:当不带I。的不定式做宾语补足语前面的动词变为被动语态时,省略的to要还原。例如:They saw him leave the house las
6、t night.变被动 He was seen to leave the house last nighto注意:现在分词和不定式做宾语补足语的含义区别。不带t。的不定式做宾语补足语,表示已 经完成了的或经常性的动作;现在分词做宾语补足语,表示正在进行着的动作。例如:We heard the girl playing the piano at this time last night.We hear the girl play the piano at this time every day.名师点睛:have sth. done结构中,过去分词做宾语补足语,表示动作由他人完成,含有被动意 义
7、且强调动作已经完成。例如:I had my hair cut before the party。4 .做状语I feel regretful to tell you that I wont be able to meet you at the airport.原因状语We set off early to catch the first bus.目的状语The old man is too weak to look after himself.结果状语5 .做定语There was nothing to see for the little boy in the Spring Festival
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