2022届全国新高考英语备考复习：介词和介词短语课件.pptx

《2022届全国新高考英语备考复习：介词和介词短语课件.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022届全国新高考英语备考复习：介词和介词短语课件.pptx（97页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、介介 词 和和 介介 词 短短 语2022届全国新高考英语备考复习方方位位介介词1时间介介词2表表示示工工具具、手手段段、方方式式的的介介词3表表示示支支持持、反反对的的介介词4目目录CONTENTS表表 示示“比比较较”的的介介词词5易易混混介介词6其其 他他 常常 考考 介介词7常常 考考 介介词短短语8目目录CONTENTS方方 位位 介介词的的 基基 本本 用用 法法1介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句in/insideintooutside在.里面进入在.外面The students are reading in the classroom.Throw it into the fire

2、.You can park your car outside our house.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句out ofaboveover从.里出来，侧重于从里向外在.（斜）上方在.（正）上方；跨越到物体的另一面He walked out of the room and left.The water came above our knees.There are several bridges over the river.He climbed over a wall and ran away.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句onontounder在.上（表面接触）到.之上在.正下方He

3、put a picture on the wall.The child climbed up onto his fathers shoulders.A policeman is standing under an unbrella.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句belowbeneathbybeside在.(斜)下方紧贴在.的下方在.旁边Skirts must be below the knees.They found the book buried beneath a pile of leaves.Our house is by the river.Come and sit beside m

4、e.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句past/bynear/close tonext to从.旁边经过在.附近紧挨着.He walked by/past me without apeaking.Dont sit near/close to the door.A close friend of mine sits next to me in the room.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句behindin front of/beforein the front of在.的后面在.外部的前面在.内部的前面，其反义短语为 at the back ofOliver hid behind a tree

5、.He likes to sit in front of me.The teacher is in the front of the classroom.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句aroundfromacross围绕.从.(起点)来，强调起点横过.;在（街、河等）.对面The whole family are sitting around a table.Has the train from London arrived?I will row you across the river?My house is just across the street.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句t

6、hroughalongaway fom/off透过，穿过沿着从某处落下或离开The thief got in through the window.Water will be pumped through a pipe.I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop.Keep off the grass.介介 词图 示示词 义例例 句句betweenamong在两者之间在三者或三者以上之间There was a fight between the two boys.They hid themselves

7、among the trees.易易 混混 方方 位位 介介词的的 用用 法法2（1）at,in 二者均表示地点，表示“在.处”。at 用于指较小的地方，如在门牌号码前；in 用于指较大的地方。Well meet each other at my home.Mr.White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.（2）in,on,to,off介介 词词用用 法法图 解解例例 句句inontooff表示在某地范围之内表示“毗邻”“接壤”表示在某范围之外且不接壤强调两地间隔着一小段距离Shangdong Province is/lies in the east of Ch

8、ina.Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.Shangdong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.Lily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.inontooff用介词in，to，off 填空(1)Janpan is/lies_the east of China.(2)Beijing lies_the north of China.(3)The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place_the main road at

9、 the far end of the lake.toinoff（3）among,between介介词用法用法例句例句amongbetweenamong在表示范围时，表示“在（其）中；.之一”一般指两者之间，其宾语往往是表示两者的名词或代词，或者是由and连接的两个具体的人或物当两个以上的人或物用 and 连接时强调每两者之间的关系表示“由于.合作的结果”时在divide,share等表示“分享”之类的动词之后，若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时，用among和between均可用于三者或三者以上的人或物She is the youngest among the three sisters

10、.Im sitting between my parents.Its a secret between you and me.Switzerland lies between France,Germany,Austria and Ital.the difference between the three of themBetween them they landed the fish.He divided his money among/between his five sons.用介词between,among 填空(4)Some students often listen to music

11、_classes to refresh themselves.(5)Four Chinese models were_ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.betweenamong（4）on,inon in例例 句句一般用法在“动词+sb.+in/on+the+部位”中在介词短语“on/in the tree”中强调“在.的表面上”强调“在.空间内”Mr.Ford saw a nice sweater in the shop window.Mr.Ford saw a key on

12、the shop window.打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等较硬或突出的部位打击某人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等较软的部位树本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等在树上不是树本身生长出来的枝、叶、花、果等在树上The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforeted him.He hit me in the face.There are lots of apples on the tree.A cat is mewing in the tree.用介词in,on 填空(6)Bob hit her _ the nose.(7)Birds are singi

13、ng_the tree.onin（5）over,above词词 义义overabove例例 句句多于在.之上相当于more than,其反义词是 under(=less than)强调控制、掌握、权威、优越等用于表示与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事物强调级别、地位、重要性等1，000 meters above sea level.two degree above zerroHes over fifty.Its under a mile from here to the post office.He always puts his students above everything.He has

14、 little control over his emotions.用介词over,above 填空(8)Shes been here for_ two hours.(9)A great person is always putting ohers interests _ his own.overabove（6）to,for,toward(s)介介 词词用用 法法例例 句句 tofortoward(s)用于诸如go,come,walk,run,dash,rush,move,fly,return,lead,take 等表示来往行动的词后，意为“到达.”等于toward(s),意为”in the

15、direction of(朝)”用于表示“起程”“出发”“离开”的动词（词组）如leave,set off,start之后，表示“去某地”朝The garden extends to the riverbank.Turn to the left and you cant miss it.After the soldiers got well prepared,they set off for the front.Its reported that the sandstorm is moving toward(s)the south.用介词for,towards 或 to 填空(10)The d

16、oor opens_the mountain.(11)He is leaving_Beijing tomorrow.(13)What time do you start _ school in the morning?to/towardsforfor时间介介词（1）in,on,at介介 词图 解解用用 法法例例 句句inonat表示在某段较长的时间内（如：世纪、年份、季节、月份朝代及泛指上午、下午和晚上等）表示在具体的某一天，日期 表示在含有“Day”的节假日 表示某天的上午、下午或晚上表示在某一刻表示在不含有“Day”的节假日在习惯表达中in the 1980s/1980s,in the Q

17、ing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon/evening on October the first,on a rainy dayon the National Dayon the afternoon of his arrivalat 12:00,at noon,at midnightat Christmasat night,at dawn/daybreak,at sunrise/sunset,at dusk,at the same time笼统具体注意注意:以下情况不用介词 in,on,at:条条 件件例例 句句当时间状语是today,ye

18、sterday,tomorrow,tonight,yesterday(tomorrow)morning(afternoon,evening)等时由“this/that/these/those/last/next/every/each+名词”构成的时间状语由all构成的短语作时间状语，如all day,all the week,all the year等There was a football match yesterday evening.They will go to the zoo tomorrow.Ill visit my grandparents this weekend.I saw

19、him in the street last week.He watches TV every night.My mother was busy all day yesterday.The girl was ill in bed all the week.汉译英（13）在星期天上_（14）在三月初_（15）在儿童节_（16）在19世纪20年代_at the beginning of Marchon Sunday morningon Childrens Dayin the 1820s/1820s（2）in,after in 表时间，常表示“在.之内”，有时 in 还有“在.之后”的意思，但表示此

20、意时，必须具备两个条件：所在句子之后的谓语动词必须表示将来；后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则用after 或 laterMy father will be back in three days.My father will be back after three oclock.My father came back after three days/three days later.用in，after，later填空(17)It will be finished _ an hour.(18)He returned _ a few days.(19)They finished the

21、ir lessons at four and a little while _they went out to take a walk.inafterlater（3）for,from,since介介 词词用用 法法例例 句句forfromsince后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久后接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短后接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen

22、 years after his retirement.My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.Tom has been doing his homework since seven oclock.用for，from，since填空(20)_then on she knew she would win.(21)I lost my money and I have been worried _then.(23)The meeting lasted _ three hours yesterday.forFromsinc

23、e（4）during,through,over介介 词用用 法法例例 句句duringthroughover指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续的发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显在.期间；从.开头到结尾（所指时间包括在内，此时与 throughout 相同）在（做）.期间；贯穿（一段时间），与during 同义He often falls asleep during the class.He swims every day during the summer.Tom was brave through his fathers illness.We ha

24、d a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.He will stay in Wales over/during Christmas and New Year.用during，over，through填空(23)Lets discuss it _lunch.(24)_ the past 10 years,great changes have taken place in this area.(25)Cold-blooded animal hibernate _ the winter.overOver/Duringthrough（5）before,by,till/unt

25、il介介 词词用用 法法例例 句句beforebytill/until早于；在.之前表示“不迟于.，在（某时）前”表示“在.期间，在.时间内”until 比 till 更正式。相关的谓语动词需是延续性动词肯定式或瞬间动词否定式The new road will be completed before the end of the year.All of you are to arrive at school by seven oclock.He worked by night and slept by day.I shall wait until ten oclock.I didnt go t

26、o sleep until midnight用before，by，until填空(26)Well have finished the work_ ten oclock tomorrow.(27)I usually take a bath _ having my breakfast.(28)Up_ last year,they didnt even own a car.bybeforeuntil表表示示工工具具、手手段段、方方式式的的介介词词（1）与交通工具连用的by,in,on 介介 词用用 法法例例 句句byin,on不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名

27、词前不加冠词和任何修饰语当与特指的交通工具连用时，用on 或 in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用 onby sea,by water,by hand,by airby bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceshiptravel to New York on this plane,go to school in my caron foot,on horseback/on a horse on a camel同义句转换(29)He went to Beijing by car.He went to

28、 Beijing _.(30)I prefer to travel by ship.I prefer to travel _.in his/a carby sea/water（2）表示“用”的介词 介介 词用用 法法例例 句句within固定短语用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰用于原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等They are digging with a pick/spade.We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.Please answer me in English.

29、The artist wrote in ink/pencil(=with a pen/a pencil)on/over the telephone/radioin this/that way/,by this/that means/,with this/that method用by,over,in,on填空(31)This form is to be filled _ ink.(32)This toy is not machine-made.It is made_hand.(33)In this morning I usually listen to the news _ the radio.

30、inbyon/over表表 示示 支支 持持、反反 对对 的的 介介 词词表示支持、反对的介词 介介 词词词 义例例 句句againstfor反对，倚靠，逆着，相反，在.的衬托下，与.比赛支持，赞成，与 in favor of 同义She was forced to marry against her will.Thats against the law.The skiers red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.Are you for or against the new road scheme?介词填空(34)An agreement

31、 seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are_it.(35)Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back _a big tree.againstagainst表表示示“比比较较”的的介介词词表示“比较”的介词 介介 词用用 法法例例 句句thanto形容词、副词比较级+thanbe superior to 优于be inferior to 劣于be senior to 年长于be junior to 年幼于be prior to 先于He runs faste

32、r than his brother.Bobs strength is superior to mine.Your father is senior to hers.用介词than，to填空(36)Divorce is more common _ it was a generation ago.(37)My brother is senior _ me by two years.thanto易易混混介介词词（1）as,like 介介 词词用用 法法例例 句句aslike介词，作为.连词，像.，虽然，后面加句子构成the same as,as.as.，such.as.句型介词，像.，后面加名词、

33、代词等Treat me as a friend.Adult as he is,his mother always treats him as a child.I have the same book as you(have).He looks like his father.用as,like填空(38)My notebook is the same _ yours.(39)He got/found a job_ a journalist.(40)The big stone looks _ a monkey.asaslike（2）It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.与It is

34、+adj.+for sb.to do sth.的区别句句 型型用用 法法例例 句句It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.当sb.与形容词构成逻辑上的“主系表”关系时，常见的形容词有：kind,good,nice,clever,stupid,foolish,considerate,polite,impolite,cruel等当不定式与形容词构成逻辑上的“主系表”关系时，常见的形容词有：important,necessary,possible,impossible等It is very kind of the teachers

35、 to help support the poor students.=The teachers are very kind to help support the poor students.It is quite important for us to protect the environment.=To protect the environment is quite important for us.用for 或 of 填空(41)It is very considerate_ you to remind me.(42)It is necessary _ the students t

36、o know some learning methods.(43)It is possible _ him to come here soon.offorfor（3）on 与 in 表示“处于.状态”介介 词用用 法法例例 词onin表示动态，表示“正在从事某种活动或处于某种运动状态之中”表示静态，后面常加表示安全、危险、健康以及表示人的情绪等的名词on business/strike/sale/show/display/watch/fire/vacation/hliday/a trip/journey/tour/duty/guard/the increase/decrease/the go(

37、非常忙碌）/the match（在行进中）/trial（在受审）in trouble/difficulty/danger/order/surprise/silence/(high/low)spirits/debt/need/peace/print/public/rags/ruins/secret/safty 用on 或 in 填空(44)The patients life is_danger.(45)The guard is_ watch now.(46)The house is_ fireinonon（4）besides,except,except for介介 词词用用 法法例例 句句bes

38、idesexceptexcept for介词，=in addtition to 除.之外（还有）副词，=in addition,moreover,furthermore=not including 除.之外（不再有），后面可接名词、代词、动名词、副词、that从句、when从句“除了.”之意，它所叙述的事实或细节部分用来修正句子的主要意思We have lots of things in common besides music.We all passed the exam except Tom.The compisition is good except for a few spelling

39、 mistakes.用except,except for,besides 填空(47)I know nothing zbout the young lady_ that she is from Beijing.(48)What else did you do there_fishing?(49)The car is nice_ the color.exceptexcept forbesides（5）in 与 of 表示比较范围介介 词用用 法法例例 句句inof二词均可引出一个可供比较的范围，适用于形容词和副词的最高级，指三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较in 表示限定在某个范围内的最高级of 表

40、示同一类人或事物中的最高级，此外of 还可以用于同类两者之间的比较，但比较级前需加定冠词theThe Yellow River is the second longest river in China.Mary sings best in the school.Of all the boys,Jack runs fastest.Tom seems to be the more diligent of the two brothers.用介词填空（50）John is the tallest _the students _ his class.ofin（6）for 与 to 接后置的间接宾语介介

41、 词用用 法法例例 句句forto buy/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save.+sth.+for+sb.bring/give/lend/offer/pay/pass/promise/read/return/send/show/tell/throw/write.+srh.+to+sb.Please buy a book for me.=Please buy me a book.Pass the pencil to me,please.=Please pass me the pencil.（7）形容词后的 for 与 to介介 词词用用 法法例例 句句fort

42、o当形容词被副词too或enough修饰当侧重于与别人比较，有“对.而言”之意时当侧重于主观看法或感觉，有“在.看来”之意时The shirt is too large for me.Chinese is very difficult to me,but Ill try my best to learn it.Chinese is very difficult for me.I cant learn it.用介词填空(51)These math problems are too difficult_me.(52)The house is big enough _ us two.(53)The

43、car is nice_ the color.forforfor/to其其他他常常考考介介词词（1）with 的用法用用 法法例例 句句和.一起随着（表示同时或同一方向）具有，带着（表示伴随）由于（表示原因或理由）表示姿势、状态或某人做某事时的情形Mr.and Mrs.Smith were there,with their three small children.With time passing by,they have grown into big boys and big girls.Temperature vary with the time of the year.A tall g

44、entleman with a beard is waiting for you.He looked at me with a frown.She was shivering with cold.The small child trembled with fear.His face was red with anger.she stood with her back to me.He is reading with the window open.用介词填空(54)_production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.

45、(55)It was a pity that the great writer died _ his work unfinished.Withwith（2）for 的用法用用 法法例例 句句为了（表示目的和功能）由于，因为换取（表示等值交换）He plays basketball just for fun.He paid 300 dollars for the dictionary.He was arrested for a attempted murder.（3）by的用法用用 法法例例 句句不迟于（某时间）在.期间（一段指明的时间）We have to reach home by ten

46、oclock.They decided to travel by night.触及或抓住人体或物体的某一部分由于.;凭借.以.的幅度，差.表示买卖东西所按以计算的数或量，或付酬所按以计算的时间按照.，根据.This one is shorter than the other by three inches.Milk is sold by the pint,buteer by the pound,and eggs by the dozen.He seized me by the arm.He succeeded by hard work.By my watch,the time is half

47、past eleven.By the expression on his face,he seemed to be displeased.We shall get a storm before long by the look of the sky.翻译下列句子(56)Can you finish the work by five oclock?_(57)The bullet missed him by two inches._(58)We sell ice cream by the thousand in summer._你能在5点钟以前完成这项工作吗？那颗子弹差两寸就打中他了。我们在夏天出

48、售的冰激凌数以千计。（4）beyond的用法用用 法法例例 句句/词词表示“（时间）过了，比.晚，迟于”表示“（位置）在.的那边，在.以外”表示“（范围）超过，为.所不及”They arrived beyond nine oclock.He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.The village is beyond the mountain.beyond compare（无与伦比）/comprehension/control/description/do

49、ubt/question（无可争辩；毋庸置疑）/reach/ones wildest dreams(做梦都没想到，远远出乎意料）翻译下列句子(59)It was a case beyond the doctors skill._(60)These students come from beyond the seas._(61)Her work is beyond praise._那位医生治不了这种病。这些学生来自海外。她的工作令人赞不绝口。（5）of(+great/much)+抽象名词=（very+）形容词 of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词1)It is of great value.2)

50、The camel is of great help to the Arabs.3)It is of no use.4)This matter is of much importance.=It is very valuable.=The camel is very helpful to the Arabs.=It is not useful.=It is useless.=This matter is very important.同义句转换（62）The meeting is very important.=_The meeting is of great/much importance.