数字图像处理冈萨雷斯N.pptx

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1、Introduction Background Digital Image Representation Fundamental Steps In Image Processing System Elements of Digital Image Processing System Further Readings One Picture is worth more than a thousand words.Chapter 1 no.1第1页/共29页BackgroundApplications:Improvement of pictorial information for human i

2、nterpretation.Processing of scene data for storage,transmission,and representation for autonomous machine perception.Scope definitionOrigins State of the artPrincipalsOverview of systemChapter 1 no.2第2页/共29页What are DIP and scope?(read book)nDigital Image:discrete both in space(x,y)and amplitude fnP

3、rocessing by digital computernPicture elements,image element,pels,pixels nNot limited to visual band:wide&variety field of applicationsnNo general agreement on the scope of processing,analysis,vision.Input&output,emulate human vision(AI).No clear-cut boundaries.n I/O images,extract attributes,recogn

4、izing objects.Such as analysis of text.Chapter 1 no.3第3页/共29页HistoryEarly 1920s,Bartlane cable picture transmission system.(special character,515 gray level).Middle 1960s,space shuttle,aerial and satellite imagery.(large-scale computer&space programDIP concepts).Others,medical image(x-ray,MRI,CT.),g

5、eography,archeology,astronomy,physics(high-energy plasmas,electron microscope).Machine perception:character recognition,industrial machine vision,military recognizance,matching fingerprints,etc.Chapter 1 no.4第4页/共29页History(cont.1)Chapter 1 no.5Digital images第5页/共29页History(cont.2)Chapter 1 no.6Digi

6、tal images第6页/共29页History(cont.3)Chapter 1 no.7Digital image processed by computer第7页/共29页ExamplesChapter 1 no.8Gamma ray第8页/共29页Examples(cont.1)Chapter 1 no.8X ray第9页/共29页Example(cont.2)Chapter 1 no.9Visible&Infrared第10页/共29页Example(cont.4)Chapter 1 no.10Infrared第11页/共29页Examples(cont.5)Chapter 1 n

7、o.11Radio band第12页/共29页Examples(cont.6)Chapter 1 no.12Ultrasound第13页/共29页Examples(cont.7)Chapter 1 no.13Visual spectrum第14页/共29页Digital Image RepresentationDefinition:monochrome image(image),a two-dimensional light intensity function f(x,y),point(x,y)spatial coordinates,f brightness value of the poi

8、nt.Digital Image:Discretized both in spatial coordinates and brightness(matrix,elements,pixels).Image size and the number of gray level are advantages to be chosen as integer power of 2.(512*512,128!)Chapter 1 no.14第15页/共29页Digital Image Representation(cont.)Chapter 1 no.15第16页/共29页Digital Image Rep

9、resentation(cont.)Chapter 1 no.15第17页/共29页Fundamental Steps In Image Processing SystemImage acquisition(image sensor&AD converter)camera,scanner.Preprocessing(improve image)enhancing contrast,removing noiseSegmentation partition an input image into its constituent part,output raw pixel data either o

10、f boundary or region.Representation and description(descriptors,feature selection)Recognition and interpretation assign a label to an object,assign meaning to recognized objects.an example:automatic reading of the address on piece of mail.Chapter 1 no.16第18页/共29页Elements of Digital Image Processing

11、SystemChapter 1 no.17第19页/共29页Further ReadingSlides available as pdf filesR.C.Gonzalez,R.E.Woods,“Digital Image Processing”,2nd edition,Prentice-Hall,2002,Pratt,W.K.,Digital Image Processing,3rd ed.,John Wiley&Sons,NY.,2001.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis

12、and Machine Intelligence.Computer Vision and Image Understanding.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing.IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.Chapter 1 no.18第20页/共29页Elements of Visual PerceptionStructure of Human EyeChapter 2 Elements of visual perception no.1第21页/共29页Image Formation in the Eye 2.55

13、mmElements of visual perception no.2第22页/共29页Brightness Adaptation Cannot operate such a range simultaneously.Rather,by changes in its overall sensitivity.Elements of visual perception no.3第23页/共29页Brightness Discrimination ExperimentBrightness discrimination is poor at low levels of illumination.El

14、ements of visual perception no.4第24页/共29页Mach Band PatternVisual system tends to undershoot or overshoot around the boundary of regions of different intensities.Elements of visual perception no.5第25页/共29页Simultaneous Contrast A regions perceived brightness does not depend simply on its intensity.Ele

15、ments of visual perception no.6第26页/共29页Optical IllusionsFill in non_existence/wrongly perceive geometry.Elements of visual p erception no.7第27页/共29页Reading Questionsn What is Sampling?nWhat is Quantization?nHow many samples are required for a good approximation?nHow many gray levels are required for a good approximation?第28页/共29页感谢您的观看！第29页/共29页