介词短语及介词的后置和省略.ppt

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1、prepositional phrase介词短语及起功用介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语.介词短语可以用作：1.表语，如：2.She looks like an actress.她看上去像演员。2.宾语，如：Ill give you until tomorrow.我给你的限期到明天3.定语，如：4.The end of colonialism is now a question of time.殖民主义的结束现在已是一个时间问题。4.状语，如：Albert has so much work to do that he is staying late at the office.Albert 工作

2、很多，现在在办公室加班呢。His heart danced crazily for a moment,then became normal again.他的心剧烈跳动了一会儿，然后恢复正常5.补语,如：As a scientist,he was dedicated to the truth.作为一名科学家，他现身于追求真理。（主语补足语）She regarded him as a hero.她把他看成英雄(宾语补足语)介词兼作副词与连词有一些介词可以兼作副词（这种介词也可称作小品词particle）试比较：（1）I met him before the war.(介词)（2）Weve met

3、before.(副词)（3）My mother is in the house.(介词)(4)Is there anybody in?(副词)（5）The programme was broadcast over the radio.（介词）(6)The broadcast was over.(副词)请注意下面两句中的与介词形式相同的副词：He turned over the page.(over在此处是副词)Ive put on weight.(on在此次是副词)请注意下面两句中的与副词形式相同的介词：The boat moved slowly down the river.(down在此是

4、介词)He climbed up the tree.(up在此是介词)还有少数介词可以兼作连词，如after,before,since,till(until)The ball goes up very high after it hits the ground.They kept on working until it became completely dark.I cant make you out.Youre so changed since last we met.介词与其他词类的搭配1.与名词搭配：2.与动词搭配：2.By the door account to3.During th

5、e night cooperate with4.Till next week die of/from5.Over the weekend object to6.Acquaintance with specialize in7.Independence of sympathize with8.Offence against persist in3.与形容词搭配：Afraid of Popular withEqual to Sympathetic withFaithful to Guilty of*词根或词源相同的名词、动词、形容词多共用一个介词Object popular to 反对 with

6、受欢迎Objection popularitysympathySympathize with 同情sympathetic介词的后置介词一般放在名词前面，但在下列情况下，则常后置（常在全句或分句或从句之末）1.介词宾语为疑问词时，如：2.What are you talking about?3.Where are you from?4.在间接疑问句和感叹句中介词亦可后置，如5.I dont know what you are talking about.6.What a jolly mess I am in!我所处的局面多么糟糕啊！2.介词宾语为关系代词或缩合连接代词时，如：Do you rem

7、ember the book which the teacher referred us to?Thats what he is talking about.*在正式文体中，介词亦可放在疑问词、关系代词、连接代词之前，如：With whom did you go?This is the book from which I got the story.介词的省略1.省去as,如：2.I consider him as expert.(him后省去as，现在一般认为不应用as)2.省去at，如：1.What time did you arrive home?(what前省去at)3.省去by，如：

8、1.Fish increased 14.9 per cent.(14.9 per cent前省去by)4.省去fromCant you stop the child getting into mischief?(getting 前省去from)5.省去inThey have recruited few new barbers the past three years.(the past three years前省去in)6.在列举一系列名词时，介词可省去，以免重复When youre lying without moving,you suddenly get an itch on the sh

9、oulder,the head,the back.(the head 与the back 前省去on)但在下面的句子中由于强调介词of，故需重复He was guilty of vanity,of several meannesses.他有虚荣心，干过好多卑劣的事情。下面一句中连词and前后的介词不同，故一般皆不可省去Dr.sun has agreed to be an adviser to and member of the board of the college.*在某些现成说法中，介词的宾语亦可省略Have you put the kettle on?你把水壶放在炉子上了吗？（介词on后省略the fire）When do you go off？你什么时候休息？（off后省去duty）