专题03句子成分1-主谓宾表语-2022年初升高英语衔接宝典.docx

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1、句子成分主谓宾表语句子成分,即句子的组成成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语(subject).谓语(predicate).表语(predicative).宾语(object). 定语(attribute) .状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)o01主语主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构.疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒 装句中，主语位于谓语.助动词或情态动词后面。一.主语的基本用法1.名词作主语(1)单数名词作主语The bag is very beautiful.这个包很漂亮。Wang Ming is monitor of our clas

2、s.王茗是我们班的班长。(2)复数名词作主语The bags are very beautiful.这些包很漂亮。【提醒】复数名词可以用来表示种类，另外单数名词，定冠词加单数名词也可以表示种类。A horse feeds on grass.马吃草为生。=Horses feeds on grass.=The horse feeds on grass.(3)不可数名词作主语The mother s love expects nothing in return.母爱是不求任何回报的。Air is a mixture of several gases.空气是好几种气体组合的混合气体。(4)集合名词作主

3、语“集合名词”是名词的一个特殊形式，描述成群成组的事物。The class consists of 45 students.这个班由 45 个学生组成。The class are having an English class now.这个班的学生正在上英语课。【提醒】集合名词用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。试体会以 下例句：The family is a very happy one.那个家庭是一个非常幸福的家庭。Li yan often reads newspaper after breakfast.李岩通常 在早饭后读报纸。We remember y

4、our friendly treatment.我们记得你们的 友好款待。二.复合谓语：1 .情态动词+行为动词作谓语He can speak English.（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）Nobody can answer this question.没有人能回答这个问题。You must hand in your homework before dinner.你们必须在晚饭前交上作业。2 .助动词+行为动词作谓语We have finished reading the book.我们已经读完了这本书（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语）Lucy didn t return the book,露西没

5、有还书。They are having lessons now.他们正在上课。3 .由系动词加表语构成谓语His parents are teachers.他的父母都是教师。（系动词和表语一起作谓语）He is my brother.他是我弟弟。He looks like his father他看起来像他的父亲。随堂练习一,指出下列句子的谓语.We are studying English hard.1 . You may go to play football now.2 .We have known the result.3 .He is fast asleep.1.1 usually g

6、et up at 6:30 in the morning.6 . Do you practise speaking English every morning?7 .Mike has to look after his sick mother.8.1 have been dreaming of being admitted into a top university.答案：l.are studying 2.may go 3,have known 4.is5.get up 6.Do;practice 7.has to look after 8.have been dreaming of二,根据汉

7、语提示完成下列句子。1 .You （可以借）the book for half a month.2 .The plane （起飞）at 8： 00 in the evening.3 .He （写 了）ten letters to his girl-friend by the end of last week.1.1 （原以为）that you would come to see me.5 .The big house （属于）him ten years ago.6 .Look at the black clouds. It （要 下雨）.7 .The famous place of inter

8、est （吸弓 I） millions of visitors so far.8 .Mo Yans novels （卖）well at present.9 .The dictionary （应该保管好）when you use it.10.1 （在聊天）online with one of my close friend then.答案：l.may keep 2.takes off 3.had written 4.thought 5,belonged to6.is going to rain 7.has attracted 8.sell 9,should be taken good care

9、of lO.was chatting03表语表语用以说明主语的身份.特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等）之后。一.表语的基本用法.名词作表语He is a teacher.他是一名老师。These are beautiful flowers.这些是漂亮的花朵。1 .代词作表语Is this yours?这是你的吗？That is all 1 knew about the event.关于这件事我知道的就是这些。What I want is 这.我想要的就是这些。What is your father?你父亲是干什么

10、工作的？It is me.是我。2 .形容词作表语She looks pretty.她看起来很美。It gets warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖。Food goes bad easily in summer,夏天食物很容易变坏。3 .数词作表语He was the first to get there.他是第一个到那儿的。My father is sixty this year.我父亲今年 63 岁了。4 .副词作表语Mr. Smith is out at the moment.史密斯先生现在不在家。6.介词短语作表语He stayed at home on Sundays.

11、每周日他都待在家里。7.动词不定式作表语The matter is to be settled.问题即将被解决。the T-shirt is to be washed. T 恤即将被清洗。My dream is to be a singer.我的梦想是成为一名歌手。8 .动名词作表语His job is cooking.他的工作就是做饭。9 .从句作表语即为表语从句That is what I want to say.那就是想说的。My suggestion is that you should work hard.我的建 议就是你应该努力学习。二.连系动词系动词亦称连系动词（Link Ver

12、b），作为系动词，它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称 补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况.性质.特征等情况。1 .状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be 一词。He is a teacher他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am a teache匚我是一名教师。She was a teacher.她当过一名教师。We are teachers,我们是教师。2 .持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, standoHe always kept silent at meeting.他开

13、会时总保持沉默。This matter remains a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。He stayed awake all night long.他整晚都没睡。3 .表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念,主要有seem, appear, lookoHe looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。4 .感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteoThis kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.

14、这朵花闻起来很香。The squid stew tasted good.乌贼炖汤味道很好。That music sounds beautiful.那音乐优美动听。5 .变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runoHis face turned redder and redder.他的脸变得越来 越红 了。He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富 了。Please don t get

15、angry.请不要生气。The children must not go hungry.孩子们不应当挨饿。The water ran cold when I turned the tap on.我把水龙头打开，水就凉了。Towards the end of the game she匡U_asleep.她在比赛快结束时睡着了。6 .终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out,表达“证实”，“变成”之意。The rumor proved false,这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult,搜查证实很难。His plan turned out

16、a success.他的计划终于成功 了。随堂练习一.分析下列句子成分1.1 am a teacher.（系动词 am+表语 a teacher）2.They are on the playground now.（系动词 are+表语 on the playground）3.1 gets cold.（系动词 get,表语是 cold）4.It sounds interesting, （sound 为系动词,interesting 为表语）答案：1 .主语1,系动词am,表语a teachero.主语 they,系动词 are,表语 on the playground。2 .主语it,系动词ge

17、t,表语是coldo.主语 it, sound 系动词,interesting 表语。二.指出下列句中的表语.The old man was feeling very tired.1 .Why is he worried about Jim?2 .The leaves have turned yellow.3 .Soon they all became interested in the subject.4 .She was the first to learn about it.答案：1 .very tired 2.worried about Jim 3.yellow 4.intereste

18、d in the subject 5.to learn about it三.单项选择2 .everyone here today?A. BeB. AreC. IsD. Am.Harry is older than I. But he younger than I.A. lookB. looksC. lookedD. looking【解析】根据句意和前句时态，后句应用一般现在时。【答案】B. It like the singing of the birds.A. soundsB. looksC. smellsD. tastes【解析】根据语境,只有sounds (听起来)符合题意。looks意为

19、“看起来”，smells意为“闻起来，tastes意 为“尝起来【答案】A.This kind of cake tastesA. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be well【解析】连系动词taste后应接形容词作表语。【答案】A.The children all looked at the broken model plane and felt quiteA. sad; sadB. sadly; sadlyC. sad; sadlyD. sadly; sad【解析】根据句意，句中的look at是行为动词，所以修饰此动词时应用副词；在连系动词feel后应用形容

20、词作表语。【答案】D.This kind of paper nice.A. feelB. feltC. is feelingD. feels【解析】当this kind of作主语时谓语动词用单数。【答案】D.This math problem is and I can do itA. easy; easilyB. easily; easilyC. easy; easyD. easily; easy【解析】连系动词is后接形容词。根据句意，修饰行为动词do用副词。【答案】A. Coffee is ready. How nice it!Would you like some?A. looksB.

21、 smellsC. soundsD. feels【解析】根据语境和首句(Coffee is ready),此处用smell才符合题意。【答案】B9.In winter the days colder and colder.A. getsB. gettingC. gotD. get【解析】根据常识我们知道冬季天气寒冷，故用一般现在时。【答案】D10.He pale at the thought.A. gotB. lookedC. turnedD. seemed【解析】根据语境只能使用turned,句意为“一想到这儿，他的脸就发白了“。【答案】C04宾语宾语表示谓语动词动作的对象，是动作的承受者。

22、从语法角度说，及物动词后面要接宾语（介 词后也有宾语）。从意义上来说，宾语是动作的对象.目标。一般情况下，宾语都在动词后面，它的 顺序是：主语十谓语十宾语。一.宾语的基本用法.名词作宾语We love our motherland,我们热爱我们的祖国。You should finish your task on time.你们应该按时完成任务。1 .代词作宾语They respect you very much.他们非常尊敬您。We should help each other.我们应该相互帮助。2 .数词作宾语Hike the fourth,我喜欢第四个。I have got only tw

23、o,我只得了 两个。3 .” The+形容词”作宾语They led the blind out,他们把盲人领出去了。4 .动词不定式作宾语I hope to see you again,我希望能再次见到你。I want to tell you that you are wrong.我想告诉你你错了.5 .动名词作宾语Stop talking, please.请停止谈论。Let us go on reading the novel.让我们继续读小说（介词宾语）。6 .从句作宾语即为宾语从句We don t know where we 11 go on vacation.我们不知道我们将去哪儿度

24、假。Tell me what you want.告诉我你想要的。二.介词宾语.动名词用作介词宾语She was late because of missing the bus.她迟至ll 了.因 为没有赶上公共汽车。1 .介词短语用作介词宾语The phrase has been in wide1 use from before 1950s.这个词组从五十年代前起就被广泛运用了。She s lived there since before the war.她从战前就一 直住在那里。The secret was never told until after the old marfs death

25、.这个秘密在老人去世后才说出来。三.直接宾语和间接宾语英语中有些动词可以接两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语,也称双宾语。L主语+及物动词+间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth.)间接宾语指人，是动作的对象；直接宾语指物，是动作的承受者。一般情况下间接宾语放在直接宾语的前面。He gives me a book.他给我一本书。(me间接宾语,a book直接宾语)2.主语+及物动词+直接宾语(sth.) +介词+间接宾语(sb.)如果间宾后移，必须在其前面加介词to或for,也就是双宾语可以转化成介宾结构。(1)主语+及物动词+直接宾语(sth.) +to+间接宾语(sb.)Give me a bo

26、ok. = Give the book to me,给我一本书。Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.给他寄封信。Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.给他这件新衣服看看。【拓展】give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物给某人sell sb.sth.= sell sth.to sb.把某物卖给某人tell sb.sth. =tell sth.to sb告给某人某情况send sb.sth. = send sth.to sb.把某物送给某人lend sb.

27、sh.= lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人hand sb.sth. = hand sth.to sb.把某物递给某人pass sb.sth. = pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人show sb.sth. = show sth.to sb.拿某物给某人看throw sb.sth. = throw sth.to sb.把某物扔给某人return sb. sth. = return sth.to sb.把某物还给某人bring sb.sth. = bring sth.to sb.把某物带给某人(2)主语+及物动词+直接宾语(sth.)+for+间接宾语(sb.)He boug

28、ht his son a toy car.他给 JL子买了辆玩具车。=He bought a toy car for his son.They made her a cake他们给他做 了个蛋糕。=They made a cake for her.【拓展】buy sb.sth. = buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物cook sb.sth. = cook sth.for sb.为某人煮某物make sb.sth. = make sth.for sb.为某人做某物sing sb.sth. = sing sth.for sb.为某人唱某物(歌)draw sb.sth.=draw sth.f

29、or sb.为某人画某物get sb.sth. = get sth.for sb.为某人拿来某物make sb.Sth. = make sth.for sb.为某人做某物【提醒】当双宾语结构中，指物的直接宾语是代词时就不能用双宾语结构而只能用介宾结构。(l)Helen told me it.(x)Helen told it to me.( /)(2)The artist drew him it.(x)The artist drew it for him.(/)四.复合宾语英语中，有些及物动词接宾语后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况，这样意思才完整,宾语和 宾语补足语合称复合宾语常用句型

30、为：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语.1 .We call them mooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼.（them宾语,mooncakes宾语补足语）.At first I found Chinese hard.开始的时候，我发现汉语很难。（Chinese宾语,hard宾语补足语）2 .Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.告诉他后天到这里来，（him 宾语,to come here the day after tomorrow 宾语 补足语）.He made us laugh.他使我们大笑。（us宾语,laugh宾语补足语）3 .Sh

31、e often helps her mother（to） do some house-work.她经常帮母亲做家务活。（her mother 宾语，（to） do some housework 宾语补足语）6.In the country, he can hear birds singing.在农村，他能听到鸟儿歌唱。（birds宾语,singing宾语补足语）7.The boy found his pen on the floor.这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔。（his pen宾语,on the floor宾语补足语）随堂练习一.指出下列句子中的宾语分别由什么充当They went to

32、see an exhibition yesterday.1. The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.2. How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.3. They helped the old with their housework yesterday.4. He pretended not to see me.6.1 enjoy listening to popular music.7.1 think (that)he is fit for his office

33、.答案：1 ,名词2 .代词3 .数词4 .名词化形容词5 .不定式短语6 .动名词短语7 .宾语从句二.句型转换l.Tom gave them two books yesterday.The family are very pleased about Tomz s success.全 家人对汤姆的成功都感到很高兴。2 .代词作主语（1）人称代词作主语He is a warm-hearted man.他是一个热心肠的人。We all love our motherland,我们都热爱我们的祖国。（2）名词性物主代词作主语My book is here. Yours is there.我的书在这

34、儿.你的（书）在那儿。（3）指示代词作主语This is my book.这是我的书。These are oranges.这些是桔子。（4）疑问代词作主语Who is the man standing out of the classroom?站在教室外的那个人是谁？What made you so happy?什么让你如此高兴？（5）不定代词作主语One is red.一个是红色的。Something happened.有事情发生了。Both （of us） are right.（我们）两人都对。Either （of the answers） is correct.两个回答不论哪一 个都对。

35、Neither （of the answers） is correct.两个回答哪一个 都不对。Is everybody here?大家都到了吗？Not如ng special happened yesterday.昨天没有发生 什么特殊的事情。All is going well.一切进行得很好。3，the+形容词”作主语（1）“the+形容词”表示某一类人The poor are against the plan.穷人们都反对这个计划。The old are being taken good care of here.老人在此 受到很好的照料。2 .My parents bought me a

36、 bike.3 .Remember to write us a letter please.1.1 will return you the book tomorrow.5 .Fetch me a chair, will you?6 .The teacher gave us a lot of homework.7 .He bought his girlfriend flowers.8 .He threw me the ball, and 1 caught it.9 .He read his children a story last night.10 .They sang the soldier

37、s beautiful songs.答案：1 .Tom gave two books to them yesterday.2 .My parents bought a bike for me.3 .Remember to write a letter to us please.1.1 will return the book to you tomorrow.5 .Fetch a chair for me, will you?6 .The teacher gave a lot of homework to us.7 .He bought flowers for his girlfriend.8

38、.He threw the ball to me, and I caught it.9 .He read a story to his children last night.10 .They sang beautiful songs for the soldiers.三用介词to或for填空.He has written a letter Jenny.1 .She has taught sewing Jenny.3 .They have bought s radio Jenny.4 .She has lent her car Jenny.5.They have bought a dictio

39、nary jenny.6.They have gotten a sewing machine Jenny.7.She has mailed a package Jenny.8 .They have gotten a desk Jenny.9 .He has shown a map Jenny.10 .He has given some advice Jenny.答案：l.to 2.to 3. for 4.to 5. for 6.for 7.to 8. for 9.to10.to【拓展】the rich 富人the poor 穷人the blind 盲人the sick 病人the old老人t

40、he young 年轻人the dumb 哑巴the deaf 聋子the dead 死者the weak 弱者the strong 强者the jobless 失业者the brave勇敢者the foolish 傻子the wise聪明人the black 黑人,the white 白人the diligent勤奋的人the homeless无家可归者(2) “the+分词形容词”表示某一类型的人The unemployed were very eager to find new jobs.失业者渴望找到新工作。【拓展】the wounded 伤员the injured 伤者the kil

41、led被杀者the employed被雇用者the unemployed 失业者the accused 被告the learned有学问的人the aged老年人the missing失踪的人the living活着的人【提醒】“the+adj丁也可作为单数名词，表示“人，The accused was acquitted of the charge,被告 已无罪开释了。(3) “the+国籍形容词”表示全体国民The Chinese are a friendly peopl已中华民族是一个友善的民族。The French are famous for their cooking.法国人以善烹

42、调著称。The British are very proud of their sense of humor,英国人为自己的幽默感到自豪。【拓展】the British 英国人the English 英国人the French法国人the Chinese 中国人the Japanese 日本人the Russian俄罗斯人(4) “the+形容词”表示抽象概念(谓语动词要用单数形式)The bad is different from the good.好与坏是不同的。【拓展】The true 真the good 善the beautiful 美the right 是the wrong 非the

43、 false 伪the impossible不可能做到的事the unknown未知的事物4 .数词作主语(1)基数词作主语One plus nine is ten.l 加 9 等于 10。Three of us will help you.我们有三个人将帮助你们。【提醒】the three of us我们的人数一共是三个人，而three of us我们中的三个人(2)序数词作主语The first is better.第一个更好一些。The second is a tall man.第二个人是高个。(3)分数作主语Two thirds of our body is water.我们身体的三分

44、之二是水。Three fifths of the students of our school are boys .我 们学校有五分之三的学生是男生。(4)百分数作主语Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面的百分之七十被水覆盖着。Eighty percent of the people in our city are workers.我们城市百分之八十的人是工人。5 .动词不定式作主语To see is to believe.眼见为实。To swim in a river is dangero

45、us.在河里游泳是危险的。6 .动名词作主语Getting up early is a good habit.早起是一个好习惯。Helping others brings us happiness.帮助别人给我们 带来快乐。【归纳】动名词作主语用于there be句型中：There is no.doing sth.无法There is no sense in doing sth,没有道理There is no use in doing sth.无用There is nothing worse than doing sth.没有比更There was no knowing where we wo

46、uld go.我们不知道去明B里。There is no point doing such a silly thing.做这样一件 傻事毫无意义。He is such a stranger person; there is no knowing what hell do next.他是一个奇怪的人,没人知道她的打算。【提醒】在There is no need to do sth,用动词不定式。There is no need to tell him again.再告诉他没有必要。7 .从句作主语也就是主语从句What you said made him angry,你所说的话让他很生气。Whe

47、n we will go on vacation hasn t been decided.我 们将去哪儿度假还没有决定。8.it作主语(1)代词it的用法用于指代this, that或前面提到或对话双方心目中的人或事物。-What1 s this in English?用英语说这是什么？-It7 s a pen.是一支钢笔。在性别.身份不详时指人或指婴儿。-Someone is knocking at the door. Who can it be?-Its me.表示时间.距离.温度,环境.天气等自然现象。It s early midnight now. We d better go to bed.（表时司）It, s about a quarters ride from here to the train station.（表是巨离）H s quite warm for January, isn? t it? （表天气）二.形式主语1 .代替不定式动词不定式在句子中做主语时，通常为了使句子保持平衡，常使用it来做形式主语，而真正主语则是不定式 或不定式短语。