2021新外研版新教材高二英语选择性必修四课文及翻译.docx

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1、新外研版新教材高二英语选择性必修四课文及翻译Unit 1Understanding ideasFacing the Future面对未来For many of usz its something we already have experienced.One moment, we are lying comfortably in bed, about to fall into a deep sleep. The next, our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about possibly the

2、most important issue of our lives-the future. Will we get into the school of our choice? What will we be doing in ten years time? Can we become the person we really want to be In the face of such questions, how should we approach the future? Can we take action to shape it, or should we just accept w

3、hatever comes our way?我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正恨意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但 下一刻，我们就睁开双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情一一未来。 我们能进入心仪的学校吗?十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗面对这 些疑问，我们应如何迎接未来呢?我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我 们的一切呢？As many of us already know, having plans in place for the future is no guarantee that they will become re

4、ality. In this respect, some people are more fortunate than others, as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors, born 40 years apart. Although they shared the same ambitious and energetic approach to life, their careers unfolded in contrasting ways.正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有计划并不能保证它们都

5、会成为现实。就这一方面 而言，一些人比别人更幸运，例如有两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家，对比他们的人生就能证 明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却 截然不同。he American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write. On leaving high school, he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. He

6、 went on to become foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform his writing In his words/l decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about. Having set himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories

7、based on his personal experiences of the First World War; the Spanish Civil War, bullfighting and deep-sea fishing, amongst others. His short novel The Old Man and the Sea, about the three-day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever caught, won the Pulitzer Prize

8、for Fiction in 1953. He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.美国作家欧内斯特海明威生于1899年，他从小立志，一心一意想要成为作家。高中毕 业后，他进入堪萨斯当地的家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成为多伦多星报的一名驻外记 者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事都WELCOME TO DUNHUANG!欢迎来到敦煌！Welcome to Dunhuang! On the old Silk Road, this city was the gateway to a

9、nd from Ancient China, a place where East met West, and a green island in the middle of the desert. You can only imagine how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of Dunhuang ahead of them.欢迎来到敦煌!这座城市坐落在古丝绸之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交汇的地 方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时，他们的感受 将会是怎样的。Dunhuangs long and glo

10、rious history represents its significance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange. Today, Dunhuang is a world-class tourist destination boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status. Now, we are going to enter some of the citys famous caves, of which there are more than 700. Known as

11、the Mogao Grottoes these ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. If you look up, you can see the paintings and other artworks that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together. Look at these statues! You can see elements from Ancient Greece, India

12、 and Iran. Now look around the walls of the cave. Come little bit closer so that you can get a better view. Look at them! The murals cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres.敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世界级旅 游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保护的文化遗产。敦煌有七百多个洞窟，现在我们将要参观 其中儿个著名的洞窟。这些古老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是一多年前在岩石上雕刻

13、而成的。你抬 起头就可以看见壁画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方连接在一起的。看看 这些塑像!你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁， 请靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看这些壁画!它们的面积有45, 000平方米，非常 惊人。The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life. But one type of mural that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Apsaras,

14、or Flying Immortals. Representations of these heavenly musicians, singers and dancers decorate the walls of many caves. Take a look at this mural. The Apsaras are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky, with their scarves flying, as if they are about to fly down to meet us. And here is another one.

15、 Move over here where you can see it in more detail. The Apsaras are holding lotuses, playing musical instruments, dancing and throwing flowers. The painting of Apsaras reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty; these images are full of life, reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that t

16、ime.敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画是敦煌 独有的，画的是飞天，也就是飞仙。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、歌者和舞者。我 们看这幅壁画，上面画的是飞天在蔚蓝的天空中飞行，他们帔巾飘飘，好像要飞下来迎接我们。 再看这幅，请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、 抛花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰;这些图案栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。Now, something really extraordinary happened in 1900, when a Taoist priest made one of the

17、most important finds of the 20th century. In a sealed cave, now known as the famous Library Cave, were hidden thousands of manuscripts paintings and scrolls, as well as silk embroideries Well have a chance to see some of them shortly the Library Cave is only a stones throw from here. Dating from 405

18、 AD to 1002 AD, these hidden treasures give us a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade. Thanks to this ancient library, we now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang from as far away as North-east Europe, and that goods were also exported from Dunhuang across Asia an

19、d Europe. The scrolls are so detailed that they describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang, such as ceramics, medicine, perfumes and fruit, to name just a few. The scrolls also reveal how many different communities lived side-by-side within this great city. Howeve

20、r, the reason why the Library Cave was sealed up all those years ago remains a mystery.1900年发生了件非同寻常的事，一位道土的发现，成了二十世纪最重大的发现之一。在 一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、卷轴以及丝绸 刺绣。臧经洞离这里很近，我们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些隐藏的宝臧可追溯到 公元405年至公元1002年间，为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时的画面。多亏这个 古老的图书馆，我们才得以了解当时的情况:货物从遥远的欧洲东北部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出 口到亚

21、洲和欧洲各地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药 品、香料和水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是如何共同生活在这座名城,中的然而，藏 经洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来?这至今仍是个谜。In the Ming Dynasty, trade routes changed and Dunhuang was not as prosperous as it used to be. Gradually, it faded from memory, even though it was once such a great city.明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不像以前那样繁华

22、。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如此繁华的 大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们的记忆。This century is bringing the Silk Road to life once more through the Belt and Road Initiative. Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads since it hosted hundreds of representatives from over 51 countries for the Silk Road International Cultural Expo in 201

23、7. Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cultural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation between the countries along the Silk Road, Dunhuang was the ideal place.21世纪，一带一路倡议为丝绸之路带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代表齐聚此 地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心博览会的主题是促进文化交 流，加强丝绸之路沿线国家的相互合作。因此敦煌正是理想的会址。Now lets mo

24、ve on to the next cave.现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟Unit 3Developing ideasREADING CHINA解读中国The world of Chinese literature is one that is familiar to us all.But have you ever stopped to wonder what works are read outside of China and how they are received? Today,four Sinologists and translators share their experien

25、ce of Chinese literature with us. They are:我们都对中国文学再熟悉不过了。可你有没有想过，在中国以外的地方，人们都读过哪些 中国文学作品?对这些作品评价如何？今天，四位汉学家、译者将给我们分享他们有关中国文 学的经历，他们是：Petko, aged 43 from Bulgaria佩特科，43岁，来自保加利亚Annelous, aged 34 from the Netherlands安妮鲁斯，34岁，来自荷兰Joachim, aged 25 from France若阿基姆，25岁，来自法国Mai, aged 28 from Egypt 马伊，28岁，来

26、自埃及 QI: How did you get interested in Chinese literature? 问题1:你是怎么对中国文学产生兴趣的？Petko: It all started with a movie I watched when I was a boy The Shaolin Temple. That movie gave me so many reasons to fall in love with China. I was amazed by Chinese kung fu, of course -everyone loves kung fu, dont they?

27、 I also thought the Chinese language sounded so beautiful, and found that I liked Chinese music, too-l just loved the movies theme tune, Song of the Shepherd.佩特科:一切都要从我小时候看的一部叫少林寺的电影说起。那部电影给了我很多让我爱 上中国的理由。我当然为中国功夫所叹服一一人人都喜欢功夫，不是吗?我还觉得中文听起来 那么美，我发现我也喜欢中国的音乐一一我特别喜欢电影的主题曲牧羊曲Annelous: I became intereste

28、d in languages at a young age.When I started high school, I began reading books about Chinese history and culture, and this inspired me to choose Chinese Studies as my academic major at university.安妮鲁斯:我从小就对语言感兴趣。上高中的时候，我开始读中国历史和文化方面的书，这启 发我在大学选择了汉学专业。Joachim: When was 15 years old, my mother bought

29、 me a copy of the classic Shi Ji, or Records of the Grand Historian. Prior to that, the only great historical works I had been exposed to were Homers epic poems. Records of the Grand Historian was my first encounter with Chinese classical literature.After reading it, realised the true genius of Chin

30、as Grand Historian, Sima Qian. His writing had a profound effect on me, and I have this to thank for my passion for Chinese literature. 若阿基姆:我15岁的时候，妈妈给我买了一本经典名著史记。在此之前，我唯一接触过的 历史巨作是荷马史诗史记是我接触的第一部中国的经典文学作品。通过阅读史记， 我领略了中国太史公司马迁的才华。他的文章对我影响很大，激发了我对中国文学的热情。 Mai: I gradually fell in love with Chinese li

31、terature when I started working as a translator. Most of the translated works of literature in Egypt are from the English-speaking world, so reading Chinese literature was a stimulating and inspiring experience.马伊:我开始从事翻译工作后，渐渐对中国文学产生了兴趣。埃及大多数文学译作来自英语国 家，所以读中国文学作品使人兴奋，也鼓舞人心。Q2: How do you select wor

32、ks to translate?问题2:你是如何选择作品来翻译的？Petko: I particularly like classical Chinese literature, especially works from the Ming and Qing dynasties I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it, and was determined to translate it into Bulgarian Now that this dream has come true, my n

33、ext goal is to translate The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.佩特科:我特别喜欢中国古典文学，尤其是明清时期的作品。我第一次读到红楼梦时就喜 欢上了它，并决心把它译成保加利亚语。现在这个梦想已实现了，我的下一个目标就是翻译三 国演义Annelous: In the Netherlands, the decision as to which works of Chinese literature get translated is largely influenced by the opinions of respected Sinolog

34、ists. In addition publishing houses tend to look to other countries to see which Chinese works have sold well there, Ive so far translated the writings of Han Han, and I am now working on those of Xu Zechen.安妮鲁斯:在荷兰，声望高的汉学家很大程度上影响翻译作品的选择。此外，出版社往往会参 考其他国家哪些中国作品畅销。到目前为止，我已经翻译了韩寒的作品，现在正在翻译徐则臣 的作品。Joach

35、im: I just go with what I like and what I am interested in. Ive translated several short stories by Mo Yan. Right now, Im doing research into popular literature in Shanghai at the start of the 20th century.若阿基姆:我只是随着喜好和兴趣走。我翻译了莫言的几篇短篇小说。现在，我正在研究20世 纪初上海的流行文学。Mai: I dont care if writer is popular or

36、not. What interests me most is the work itself. Ive translated some works by authors such as Xi Murong and Bi Shumin. I also keep a close eye on whats being self-published online by new, young authors-they have some good ideas.马伊:我不在乎一个作家是否受欢迎。我最感兴趣的是作品本身。我翻译过席慕蓉和毕淑敏等 作家的作品。我还密切关注新的年轻作者自己在网上发表的作品一一他

37、们有一些不错的想法。 Q3: Which works by Chinese writers are popular in your country?问题3:中国哪些作家的作品在贵国较受欢迎？Petko: Thirty-six Stratagems has sold more than 1,000 copies in Bulgaria. When you consider that here the best a writer can usually hope for is to sell a few hundred copies of their work, Thirty-six Strata

38、gems is a best-seller in Bulgaria!佩特科：兰十六计在保加利亚卖出了一千多本。在保加利亚，作者通常最期待的是自己的 作品卖几百本，三十六计在保加利亚是畅销书！Annelous: Each year sees more works by Chinese writers published in the Netherlands, and they are well-received. The people that buy and read these books do so because they want to learn more about Chinese

39、 culture and everyday life in China. On the whole, I do have to admit that here, peoples knowledge of Chinese literature is rather limited.安妮鲁斯:每年都有更多中国作家的作品在荷兰出版，它们很受欢迎。购买和阅读这些书籍的 人想要更多地了解中国文化和日常生活。总的来说，我不得不承认，在荷兰，人们对中国文学 的了解相当有限。Joachim: The novels of Mo Yan and Yu Hua sell quite well in France. M

40、o Yan was already hugely popular, but became even more so after receiving the Nobel Prize in Literature. Literature has a lot of significance to the French and Chinese literary works tend to be highly thought of.若阿基姆:莫言和余华的小说在法国卖得很好。莫言原本已非常受欢迎，在获得诺贝尔文学奖 后更受欢迎了。文学对法国人来说意义重大，中国的文学作品往往获得很高评价。Mai: Egypt

41、ians like literature that reflects human nature and experience. A couple of good examples of this are Fond Memories of Autumnby Shi Tiesheng and Street Sceneby Zhou Guoping. I think Egypt and China are closely connected and both have a lot in common. Because of this, Chinese literary works really st

42、rike a chord in the hearts of Egyptian readers.马伊:埃及人喜欢反映人性和人生经历的文学。其中，史铁生的秋天的怀念和周国平的街 头即景就是很好的例子。我认为埃及和中国联系紧密，有许多共同之处。正因为如此，中国 文学作品才真正引起了埃及读者的共鸣。Unit 4Understanding ideasBusiness Blossoms创业之花As she spoke, Zhang Yue put her hands behind her back to hide that they were shaking. She couldnt however, h

43、ide the line of sweat running down her forehead, which was caused partly by the heat of the television studio, but more by fear of the four people seated in front of her. They stared back, their blank faces giving no clue as to what they would say next. Feeling dizzy, Zhang Yue took a deep breath as

44、 she struggled to finish her presentation, And that is why need your help in turning my new and exciting business into a successful one.发言时，张悦把手臧在背后，以掩饰双手的颤抖。但她无法掩饰从额头淌下的一行汗水。 这一部分是由于电视演播室里有些热，但更多的则是由于她害怕坐在她面前的四个人。他们面 无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。张悦感到一阵眩晕，做了个深呼吸， 然后努力完成她的陈述，“这就是为什么我需要你们的帮助，使这个全新的、激动人心的

45、创业 项目获得成功。Now chairwoman of her own company Zhang Yue is fond of saying, The early bird catches the worm.The place where this happens is a valley, a world away from any television studio. Moving carefully through the darkness, she passes row upon row of rose plants. In an hour, these fields will be

46、full of people, working quickly to pick the flowers before sunrise. It has to be done then, says Zhang. These flowers are delicate.张悦现在是自己公司的总裁，她总喜欢说:早起的鸟儿有虫吃。她创业的地点在一个山谷 里，这是一个远离任何电视演播室的世界。她小心地在黑暗中穿行，经过一排又一排的玫瑰植 株。一小时后就会有许多人来到这里，趁着日出前的时间快速采摘玫瑰花。“必须在那个时候 采。张悦说，这些花是很娇嫩的。Zhang never thought that this

47、was something she would end up doing. Surrounded by roses as she was growing up, she paid them little attention. It was only after graduating from university overseas and returning to visit her parents that Zhang realised the potential. Conditions are ideal here, she says. This is a place where rose

48、s grow wild.张悦以前从未想过自己会做这一行。她从小到大，到处都是玫瑰，她很少注意到它们。直 到她结束海外留学生活，回国看望父母时，才意识到这里的潜力。这里的条件非常理想。 她说，这里适合玫瑰自然生长。Zhang therefore decided to return to her home town and grow roses, which surprised many people. I wanted to experience the freedom of being my own boss, she said. But I also wanted to give somet

49、hing back to my home town. As people say, It takes a village to raise a child.因此，张悦决定回到家乡，开始种植玫瑰，这让很多人感到惊讶。我想体验自己当老板 的自由。她说，“同时我也想回报我的家乡。有句话说得好:养育一个孩子需要整个村庄的力 量。She is not the only young person to have been bitten by the start-up bug. All over the world, an increasing number of enterprising young people are thinking of starting their own businesses, as the growing econom