专题13-第十三章情态动词（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

《专题13-第十三章情态动词（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专题13-第十三章情态动词（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、第十三章情态动词初中知识回顾初中阶段，我们主要学习了情态动词的基本用法以及它们之间的区别。回顾一：can和could的基本用法.表示能力（体力、知识、技能等）。如：Can you swim?（技能）你会游泳吗？1 .表示请求和允许。如：一 Can I go now?我现在能去吗？一 Yes,you can./No,you cant.是的，你可以。/不，你不可以。2 .表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。如：TheyVe changed the timetable,so we can go by bus instead.他们已经改了口寸间表，所以我们可以坐公交车去。3 .表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、

2、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。如：This cant be done by him.不可能是他做的。1 .-Please be quiet.Our teacher is coming.-It be our teacher.She has gone to Beijing.A.mustB.mayC.cantD.mustn*t回顾二：may和might的基本用法1 .表示请求和允许：表示现在的允许时，若是请求别人允许自己做某事，两者均可用，但might比may语气 更委婉。若是自己允许别人做某事，一般只用may,而不用might。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt,表示“不可 以，

3、禁止如：MayMightI use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗？Yes,of course you may.是的，当然可以。（不能说 Yes,you might.）.表示推测、可能性：两者都可用，此时might不是may的过去式，只是might比may语气更不确定，表示 的可能性更小。若推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；若推测正在进行的情况，后接动词进行式；若推测过 去的情况，后接动词的完成式。如：He maymightnot be Here,他可能不在那里。He maymightbe waiting for someone.他可能在等人。They maymighthave seen h

4、im.他们可能见到过他。A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should4. 一 Turn off the TV, Jack. your homework now?一 Mum, just ten more minutes, pleaseA. Should you be doingB. Shouldnt you be doingC. Couldnt you be doingD. Will you be doing考点五 will与wouldL 表示意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句中。would常指过去的意愿。例句：(1) If you will read the book, Ill give

5、 it to you.如果你想要读那本书，我就把它给你吧。(2) I will go shopping this weekend.这周末我要去购物。2 .表示请求，用于疑问句。would语气较委婉。例句：(1) Will you close the window?你可以关一下窗吗？(2) Would you please close the window?你可以关一下窗吗？在上面两个句子中，虽然翻译一样，但在英语的表达习惯中，句子(2)要委婉的多。3 .表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，常译为“总是，惯于。would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向, 后面接表示动作的动词，不能接表示状态的词。例句：

6、 (1) He would sit in the park which used to be a factory reading for hours.他总是坐在公园里读书，一读就是几个小时，这个公园以前是一个工厂。(2) I would listen to pop musics at that period.那段时间我总是听流行音乐。巩固练习：1. 一 Why didnt you come to Simons party last night?一 I wanted to, but my mom simply not let me out so late at night.A. could B.

7、 might C. would D. Should2. John promised his doctor he not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since.A. might B. shouldC. couldD. Would3. If I you, I more attention to English idioms and phrases.A. was； shall payB. am； will payC. would be； would pay D. were； would pay4.1 often go fishing when I liv

8、ed in the countryside.A. should B. would C. could D. might考点六 may与 might1.表示请求、允许、许可，might比may语气委婉。例句：(1) You may use my bike.你可以用我的自行车。(2) May I join you in the activity?我可以加入你们的活动吗？2.表示推测，常用于陈述句中，语气比较弱，把握性不大。might语气比may还要弱。例句：(1) He may go out.他可能会外出。(2) She may be at home.或许她在家吧。3. may as well+动词

9、原形，意为“最好，倒不如例句： (1) You may as well do it at once.你最好立即行动吧。(2) You may as well tell me your problem, otherwise I couldnt help you.你倒不如告诉我你的难处，不然我帮不了你。4. maywell+动词原形，意为，完全能，很可能”(这里的well是副词，修饰后面动词的程度)。 例句： (1) Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize at first sight.她的外貌已经改变了

10、很多，当你第一眼见到她，很有可能会认不出来。(2) Since he has make so many efforts, he may well pass the exam.他做了这么多的努力，完全能通过考试。5. may用于祈使句中，表示祝愿。句型为:maysb+动词原形。例句：(1) May you return in safety.愿你平安归来。(2) May you succeed.祝你成功。巩固练习：1. I take the book out?一 Im afraid not.A. WillB. MayC. MustD. Need2. The traffic is heavy the

11、se days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. canB. mustC. needD. Might3. Some people who don9t like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they just bequiet people.A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. Would4. Liza well not want to go on the trip 一 she hates traveling.A. willB. canC. mustD. may5.

12、 Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. should考点七 need与dare1.二者都可以作为情态动词和行为动词。need表示“需要、必须”；dare表示“敢于”。当作情态动词时，后面要接动词原形，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。用作行为动词时，其变化和一般的动词相同，有人称和数的变化，构成否定句和疑问句时要借助于助 动词 do, does, didodare用作行为动词，用于否定句和疑问句时，常省略后面的to。例句： (1) You neednt hurry

13、； he needs to dress up.你不用急，他还需要打扮呢。(2) The little girl didn*t dare (to) go out at night alone.=The little girl dare not go out at night alone.那个小女孩不敢晚上独自外出。在句子(1)中，第一个need用作情态动词，后加动词原形；第二个need用作行为动词，有人称和数 的变化，need to do sth需要做某事”。在句子(2)中，第一个dare用作行为动词，dare to to sth敢于做某事”，在否定句中，要借助助动词 didnt来表示过去否定的

14、情况；第二个dare用作情态动词，后加动词原形，否定式在dare后面加not即可。 2.meed作行为动词时，若主语和动作之间存在被动关系，可采用下列两种方式表达：方式一：用动词的主动形式表示被动意义，结构为need+动词ing形式；方式二：用不定式的被动形式，结构为need(s)+tobe+动词过去分词。例句: (1) The house needs repairing.=The house needs to be repaired.那个房子需要修理。(2) My computer needs repairing before it could work again.=My computer

15、 needs to be repaired before it could work again.我的电脑需要修理才能重新工作。3.I dare say为习惯说法，意为“我想，大概”。例句： (1)1 dare say she dare not speak to her father in this manner.我想她不敢这样和她父亲说话。(2) I dare say nobody could always be lucky.我想没人能一直幸运。巩固练习：1. 一 What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?Well, it b

16、e big thafs not important.A. mustnt B. needntC. cantD. wont2. Must we do it now?” “No, youA. wontB. needntC. cantD. dont3. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.A. neednt to comeB. dont need comeC. dont need comingD. neednt come4. You return the book now. You can ke

17、ep it till next week if you like.A. cantB. mustnt C. neednt D. may not5. Tom show his exam results to his parents.A. dare not B. daredC. dare to D. dares not to考点八情态动词表推测时情态动词的选择can, may, must皆可用来表示推测。1 .在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能性。在含义上“must”语气最肯定，“may”表示不太肯定的可能性，而can 表示理论上的可能性。2 .在否定句中只能用“can not和may not。“can、

18、”(不可能)语气比“may not”(可能不、也许不)更强。3 .在疑问句中只能用“can”，不能用“may”和“must”。例句： (1) Accidents can happen on such snowy days.在雪下得这样打的天气，容易发生事故。(表理论上的可能性)Look, there is some blood on the road； an accident must have happened just now.看，路上有血迹，刚才一定发生了事故。(肯定的猜测，“一定是”)But it cant have been Mike, for I saw him in the sc

19、hool.但这不可能是麦克，因为我看到他在学校。(肯定的猜测，“一定不是”)考点九 情态动词+have done1. could have done在肯定句中表示“本来能做而事实上却没做；couldn*t have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“过去不可能做过”。例句： (1) The accident could have been avoided.这次事故本来是可以避免的。(事实上发生了)It couldnt have rained last night, for the road is dry.昨晚不可能下过雨，因为路面是干的。2. may/might have done表示对过去

20、行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱，此外 might have done还可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”，含有轻微的责备语气。例句： (1) You might have given him more help, though you were busy with your work.虽然你工作很忙，但你本来可以给他更多的帮助的。(实际上没有)(2) He might have been to Beijing.他或许去过北京了呢。3. must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必做过”，语气十分肯定。例句： (1) It must have ra

21、ined yesterday, as the ground is wet.昨天一定下过雨，因为地板是湿的。(2) My father must have known the news that I have won the competition, for he called my excitedly just now.爸爸一定是知道了我赢得比赛的消息了，因为刚刚他兴奋地打电话给我。4. should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事，而实际上未做”；用于否定句时，则表示“不 该做某事反而做了”。例句： (1) You oughtnt / shouldnt t

22、o have been late for the meeting, as it was very important.你本来不应该迟到的，因为这个会议非常重要。(实际上迟到了)You should have handed in your homework in time.你本应该按时上交作业的。(实际上没按时交)needn*t have done表示“本来不必做某事而实际上却做了”。例句： (1) I actually neednt have bought so much food-only three people came.事实上我没必要买这么多食物，因为只有三个人来了。(事实上买了)Yo

23、u neednt have picked him up at the train station because he knows the way here.你本来不用去火车站接他的，因为他知道来这里的路。(事实上去接了)had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”或“当时真应该做 了某事例句： I had better have started earlier.我当时最好就早点出发。/我当时真应该早点出发。巩固练习：1. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it

24、 to a railway official.一 How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone it.A. will have stolenB. might have stolenC. should have stolenD. must have stolen2. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. couldnt3.1 have watched that movi

25、e itll give me horrible dreams.A. shouldntB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt4. Jack described his father, who a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willedman.A. would be B. would have been C. must beD. must have been5. Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh, you have done it

26、as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustntC. shouldD. shouldnt6. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could expressB. would expressC. could have expressedD. must have expressed7. It have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. ma

27、yB. canC. mustD. Should8. I cant find my purse anywhere.You have lost it while shopping.A. may B. canC. shouldD. Would9. 一 Im sorry. I at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.A. shouldnt shoutB. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutD. mustnt have shouted3.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。如：May yo

28、u succeed!祝你成功！2.-Whats wrong with Judy?She has been absent for two days.-Oh,she be ill.Lets go to ask Mr.Green.A. mayB.needC.wouldD.must回顾三：must的用法1 ,表示“必须，必要”：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句。用于否定句时，mustnT的意思是“不准”“不能”，而 不是“不必”。如:You must keep it a secret.这事你得保密。You must not drive without a license.你不得无证驾驶。2 .表示推测、可

29、能性：意为准是”一定是 通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句中用can代之。推测现 在的情况、后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行式；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成 式。如：You must know his address.你一定知道他的地址。回顾四：shall和should的用法Lshall用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。如：What shall we do this evening?我们今天晚上干什么啊？2.shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：You shall suffer for this.你会为此吃苦头的。（表示告诫）I shall r

30、eturn.我一定回来。（表示决心）3.should有时可以表“应该”，实为一种推测，语气比may,might强。如：The film should be interesting.这部电影应该很有趣。4.should有时用于第一人称疑问句表示征求意见，与shall用法相似。如：Should I close the door?我可以关上门吗?3.One of our rules is that every student wear school uniform while at school.A.mightB.couldC.shallD.will回顾五：will和would的用法1 .表示请求、

31、建议等，would更委婉。如：WillAVould you pass me the ball,please?你能把球递给我吗？2 .表示意志、愿望和决心。如：I will never do that again.我再也不会那样做了。They asked him if he would go abroad.他们问他是否将要出国。3,would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习 惯”的含义。如：During the vacation,he would visit me every other dayo 假期期间，他每隔一天都要来看我。

32、4.表示估计和猜想。如：It would be about ten oclock when she left home.她离开家的时候大约十点钟 了。4.-Hi,you walk on the grass.-Sorry,I do it again.A.canft;willB.neednt: wontC.mustnt;wontD.wont;wiU回顾六：dare和need的用法1 .dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。如：How dare you say Pm unfair?你怎么敢说我不公平？If we dared not go there tha

33、t day,we couldnft get the beautiful flowers.如果那天我们不敢去那里，那我们就不能 得到那些漂亮的花了。2 .need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,have to,ought to,should代替。如: 一 Need I go there today?我今天必须去那里吗？一 Yes,you must./No,you neednt.是的，你必须去。/不，你不必去。3dare和need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在 疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to

34、的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river.我敢游过这条河。5.一Ive bought all the food for the party tonight.-Thank you.Then I go to the supermarket.A.cantB.mustntC. shouldntD. neednt随堂练习题组训练根据汉语提示完成句子He work hard.他必须努力工作。He walk home.他不得不步行回家。Li Hong lose her way.李红可能迷路了。He be in the room.他不

35、可能在房间里。He write when he was five years old.他五岁时就会写字。 I borrow your pen?我可以借用你的钢笔吗？一May I go home now?我现在可以回家了吗？一No,you ，不，你不可以。Youd better TV every day.你最好不要每天看电视。高中知识衔接高中阶段，情态动词的学习更加深入，我们将学到情态动词表示推测或判断的用法以及在虚拟语气中的用 法等。一、概念：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。常见的情态动词有：can、may must could might should will shalR wou

36、ld ought to need dare 等以及具有情态动词功能的have to ought to和had bettero 二、特点：1 .有一定词义，但本身词义不全，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与动词原形一起构成谓语(情态动词必须放 在行为动词之前)。例如：He can play basketball.他会打篮球。在这个句子中，情态动词仅仅表达“能够”，但未表达出“打，不能单独充当谓语，必须和“play”一起构 成谓语。2 .情态动词没有人称和数的变化，但有的情态动词有过去式。例如：(1) I must go now.我必须走了。(2) He must go now.他必须走了。(3) She

37、 might be doing her homework at that time.那时她也许正在做作业。在句子(2)中，虽然主语he是第三人称单数，但谓语由情态动词must和行为动词构成，没有人称和 数的变化。在句子(3)中，用at that time表示过去的时间，谓语动词may用其过去式might。具有过去式的情态动词如下:shall 一 shouldcancouldmay 一 mightwillwould注意：情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过 去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间。例如：Would you mind very muc

38、h if I ask you to do something?(此句中 would 不表过去)3.情态动词本身没有分词形式，如果要表达正在进行或已经进行完毕，分词形式要加在情态动词后面的行 为动词上。例如： (1) They must have won the match, for they are so excited now.他们一定赢了比赛，因为他们现在很兴奋。(2) They must be discussing something.他们一定正在讨论一些事情。4.情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词。三、常见考点讲解分析：考点一 can 与could

39、1.表示能力，但could主要指过去的能力(但不一定去做)。表示“过去有能力并成功做成某事”时通常 用 was/were able to。行!J句： (1) The little boy can speak two foreign languages.那个小男孩会讲两门外语。(2) Could the girl read before she went to school?在上学之前，那个女孩会读书吗？(3) Everyone was able to escape when the fire broke out.火灾发生时，所有人都成功逃脱了。2 .表示可能(理论上或是逻辑判断上，并不涉及此事

40、真的发生)，常译为“往往会，有时候可能会”，常用于 肯定句中。.例句：Accidents can happen on rainy days.雨天可能发生事故。3 . 表示请求和允许。在问句中could语气比can要委婉。例句：(1) You can go back home now.你现在可以回家了。(2) Could you please tell me the truth?你能告诉我真相吗？句子(2)中的could语气要比句子(1)中的can委婉。4.表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。例句：(1) How can you be so careless?你怎么可

41、以这么粗心呢？(惊讶)Can it rain tomorrow? Its so sunny at the moment.明天会下雨吗？现在天气这么晴朗。（怀疑）That cant be his.那不可能是他的。(不相信)can的否定式can表示推测，常用于否定句和疑问句中，语气较强。在肯定句中常用must。 例句： He cant be in the classroom, for the light is not on.他一定不在教室里，因为灯没开。can的其他用法：5. cannot/ can nevertoo/enough表示“再也不为过”。例句：You can never be too

42、careful when driving a car.=You shouldnt be too careless when driving a car.开车时，你再细心也不为过。/开车时，你不能太粗心。6. cannot help but do sth./cannot choose but do sth.表示不得不，只好做某事例句： You cannot choose but go with me.=You cannot help but go with me.你除了和我一起去，别无选择。/你必须跟我一起去。巩固练习：1. It be the postman at the door. Its

43、only six oclock.A. mustnt B.cant C. wont D. neednt2. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they .A. canB.may C. must D. should3. Im afraid Mr. Harding see you now. Hes busy.A. cantB. mustntC. shouldntD. neednt4. Just be patient. You expect the world to change so soon.A.

44、cantB. needntC. may notD. will not5. One of the few things you say about English people with certainty is that they talka lot about the weather.A. needB. mustC. shouldD. can6. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A. mustB. canC. shouldD. would7. You be hungry a

45、lready you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt8. She have left school, for her bike is still here.A. cantB. wouldntC. shouldntD. neednt9. Peter be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must10. You dont have to know t

46、he name of the author to find a book. You find the bookby the title.A. must B. needC. canD. would考点二 shall1.用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等；此外，颁布法律、规 定时也用shalL例句： (1) The new law shall come into effect next month.新的法律下个月生效。(颁布法律)You shall do as I told you.你要按照我告诉你的做。(命令)He shall have the chance t

47、o go traveling as he has met all the requirements by his parents.他将有机会去旅游，因为他已经达到了父母给他的所有要求。(许诺)2.用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方指示。例句： (1) Shall the man standing outside have a try?正站在外面的那个人应该试一试吗？(2) Shall we go camping this weekend?这周末我们去露营好吗？巩固练习：1. 一 Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. might B. must C. could D. Shall2. 一 I havent got the