专题15主谓一致-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列(通用)(解析版).docx
《专题15主谓一致-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列(通用)(解析版).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《专题15主谓一致-2023年高考英语一轮复习《考点题型技巧》精讲与精练高分突破系列(通用)(解析版).docx(17页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、专题15主谓一致考点题型技巧者向分析 复习建议 考点导航主谓至攵V主谓至攵V答题技巧题型一完形填空 题型分对题型二罐文改错 题型三语法填空检测训练号考向分析在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主 谓一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致以及就 近一致三个方面上。辱复习建议1 .掌握主谓一致的三个原则:语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致;2 .掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配;3 .掌握定语从句中的主谓一致;4 .掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。四1考点导航考点01语法一致语法一致:就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。【答
2、案】A【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:这个老师和几个学生正在讨论这个问题。together with ”与 一起 ;as well as H也,和“;and ”和“;along with ”与一道都符合语境;主句的 主语是the teacher, together with several students修饰主语,因此主语是第三人称单数,所 以第二空用谓语用is。综上所述,故选A。8. Not only his parents but also his elder brother to the Summer Palace. Theyhavent been back yet.A. have bee
3、nB. have goneC. has beenD. has gone【答案】D【解析】句意:不仅他的父母而且他的哥哥也去了颐和园,他们还没有回来。not only. but (also)连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词与but (also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致; 再结合语境 They havent been back yet. ”可知D项切题。9. About of his spare time spent in reading.A. third-fifths; areB. three-fifths; isC. three-fives; areD. three-fifth; is【答
4、案】B【解析】考查分数和主谓一致的用法。句意:他大约花费五分之三的空闲时间在看书上。表 达分数时,分子应用基数词,分母应用序数词,当分子大于一时,序数词后面加S又因主 语是不可数名词,所以谓语动词用单数。故选B。10. Jane is the only one of the students who a little Chinese and is one of myfriends who studying in China now.A. know; haveB. knows; hasC. knows; areD. know; is【答案】c【解析】考查主谓一致的用法。在第一个Who引导的这个定
5、语从句中,先行词是the only one, 所以从句中的谓语动词用单数;而在第二个who引导的定语从句中,先行词是my friends,所以从句的谓语动词应用复数。故选C。11.The room is in a mess again!Sorry. It is who.A. me; is to blameB. I; is to be blamedC. me; am to be blamedD. I; am to blame【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是强调句,强调的是主语I,所以系动词用am; be to blame 是固定搭配,指”该受责备,应承担责任”。故选D。12. Do you
6、 know the man the little girl is turning to for help? He is one of theteachers who in our school.A. who; is workingB. whom; are workingC. whom; worksD. which; works【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。定语从句中turn to后缺少宾语,且指代先行词the man, 故用that或whom;第二空对应的主语who替代复先行词the teachers,故该动词应用复数, 选B项。13. When and where well ho
7、ld the meeting not been decided yet.A. hasB. isC. haveD. are【答案】A【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:何时何地举行会议现在还没有决定。本句中,两个特 殊疑问词when和where指的是同一件事情,谓语动词用单数,根据yet判断本句为现在完 成时,故A项正确。14. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.A. is washing awayB. is being washed awayC. are washing awayD
8、. are being washed away【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意:随着更多的森林正在被破坏,每年有大量的好泥 土正在被冲走。谓语动词应根据quantity的单复数来定,本句中quantity为复数,因此谓语 动词也用复数形式,故排除A项和B项;又因为earth和wash away之间为被动关系,应用 被动语态,故选D项。II、语法填空Do you like traveling? Would you like to tell me if you 1 (offer) the opportunity to visit a new country and stay with
9、 a family? 2 the idea of taking a language exchange trip to a different country can be 3 (frighten) at first, it offers a great opportunity to improve your foreign language. You also have the chance to experience the life in 4 new and exciting place. Living with a local family is often the 5 (good)
10、way to understand a different culture. Staying in a hotel with other tourists is different. If you choose to live with a family, you will be able to practice your foreign language all day. Besides, the family will be friendly and make you 6 (feel) at home. You will know all the best 7 (place) in tha
11、t country. Perhaps the most important reason to take part in a language exchange program 8 (be) that even when you are back to your country, being able to chat with them over the Internet is a great way to keep 9 your foreign language. 10 (hope), the above will help you to put aside your worries and
12、 start your trip.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文,论述了如果你想学好一门外语或是体验某一个国家的风土 人情,语言交流之旅将是你的不二选择的原因。用英语进行交流是考生必备的学科素养,体 现了高考注重培养中学生跨文化交际的能力。1 .have been offered【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意:你能不能告诉我你是否曾经有机会去过一个新的国 家并和那里的一个家庭居住在一起?分析句子结构可知,主语you和谓语动词offer之间为动 宾关系,因此用被动语态;又根据所给语境可知,提供机会发生在过去,并对现在产生一定 的影响,故应用现在完成时。2 .Although/Though【解析
13、】考查连词。根据语境可知,此处表示虽然去一个不同的国家参加语言交流项目这一 想法起初听起来有点吓人,但是这个项目可以给你提供很好的提高外语水平的机会。前后句 为转折关系,因此要用Although/Though。3 .frightening【解析】考查动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式。此处表示去一个不同的国家参加语言交流项目 这一想法起初听起来有点令人害怕。动词frighten的形容词形式有两个:frightened和 frighteningo前者表示“感到害怕的”,后者表示“令人害怕的”。此处用来修饰主语the idea, 因此应该用形容词frighteningo.a【解析】考查冠词。句意:你
14、还有机会体验在一个新的、令人激动的地方的生活。根据语境 可知,句中place表示泛指意义,故用不定冠词。4 .best【解析】考查形容词最高级。根据语境可知,此处表示和当地人住在一起通常是学习他们的 文化的最好的方式。故此处应用good的最高级形式best。5 .feel【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中动词make后可接宾补,构成make+宾语+宾补”结构。注意 make后的宾补为不定式时,应省略不定式符号to。6 .places【解析】考查名词单复数。句意:你将了解那个国家所有最好的地方。分析句子结构并结合 句中的all可知,此处应用名词复数形式。8.is【解析】考查考主谓一致。分析句子结构可知
15、本空应填谓语动词,又因为主语为reason,因 此应该用单数形式。9 .up【解析】考查动词固定搭配。此处表示当你回到你的祖国,能够和他们在互联网上聊天是保 持你的外语水平的很好的方式。动词词组keep up意为使某事物保持(在同一水平,通常指 高水平)工lO.Hopefully【解析 1考查副词。句意:希望以上所述能够帮助你放下你的顾虑,开始你的旅程。本空用 来修饰整个句子,因此应该用副词形式。又因为本空在句首,所以单词首字母应大写。III、单句改错下列各句均有一处错误,请标出并改正。1. I think Tom, rather than you, are to blame for the
16、accident.【答案】are一is【解析】句意:我认为是汤姆,而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。句中rather than连接两个 名词或代词作主语,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词保持致。2. Every means have been tried, but none proved successful.,【答案】have 一 has【解析】句意:每一种方式都已经尝试了,但是没有一个被证明是成功的。means单复数同 形,但前有every修饰,故为单数。3. Today, I am going to talk about what you should do when a
17、fire alarm go off.【答案】go goes【解析】句意:今天我准备谈一谈当火警警报响了,你该怎么做这个话题。句中主语a fire alarm,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。4. With more and more forests being destroyed, a large quantity of good earth are being washed away each year.【答案】areis【解析】句意:随着越来越多的森林被砍伐,每年有大量的沃土被冲走,a quantity of接名 词时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数
18、名词,后面的谓语动 词都用复数形式。5. Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters are going to visit BeJing this summer.【答案】are一is【解析】史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。主语后跟有With, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to 等附属 成分时.谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。6. The old saying
19、,The early bird catches the worm show us the importance of planning, working hard and trying constantly.【答案】show一shows【解析 1句意:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”这句俗语告诉我们提前筹划,勤奋工作,不断尝试的重 要性。句中土语The old saying”,故谓语动词show应用第三人称单数形式。7. Compared with online games, many traditional games, like hide and-seek, benefits kids mentall
20、y and physically.【答案】benefits-benefit.【解析】句意:与网络游戏相比,很多传统游戏,比如捉迷藏,更能使孩子们身心受益。句 中主语“many traditional games”,故渭语动词应用 benefit0Either the judge or the lawyers was wrong on the case at that moment.【答案】was一were【解析】句意:那时,在这件案子上,不是法官错就是律师们错了。并列主语由either. orneithernor等连接时,谓语应与最邻近的主语的数保持一致,据题干中or后的the lawyers
21、和at that moment可知本题应该用were.9.Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that make life happy.【答案】make -makes【解析】句意:不是 做我们喜欢的事情,而是喜欢我们不得不做的事情才能让生活愉快。此 处为强调句型,句子的主语是“not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do”, 根据“就近原则,故谓语动词make应用第三人称单数形式”。10. A recent
22、 study has found that the number of smokers have been increasing sharply over the past five years.【答案】have -has【解析】句意:最近一项 研究表明,在过去五年里,吸烟者人数急剧上升。anumberof接复 数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数,而the number of后接复数名词作主语,谓语动词则用第 三人称单数。1 .单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数。主语为复 数时,谓语动词用复数。由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what
23、从句是一个 带有复数意义的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数。2 .由and或bothand连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就用单数。由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时,谓 语动词用单数。3 .主语后面有 with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时,谓语动词的单
24、复数由主语的单复数决定。4 .either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数 neither/neither/none of + 复数名 l司,还有 some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数。5,定语从句中,关系代词that, which, who作主语时,谓语动词的数和先行词一致。6 .集体名词 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等,指整体时,用单数;指集 体的成员时,用复数。people, cattle, police作主语时,谓语动词用复数。7 .由
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