专题21-Unit3词汇与语法（学生版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

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1、Unit3词汇与语法一.重点单词1. awkward adj.2. sight n. 3. medium n. 4. frank adj.5. horrible adj.6. case n. 7. trick vt.8. ignore vt.9. misunderstand v/.& vi.10. contact v/.& n. 11. explode vi.二.词汇拓展12. awkward adj.13. sight n. 14. medium n. 15. frank adj.16. horrible adj.17. case n. 18. trick vt.19. ignore vt.

2、20. misunderstand v/.& vi.21. contact v/.& n. 22. explode vi.二.词汇拓展23. generous adj.24. shallow adj.25. blog n. 26. theme n. 27. opinion n. 28. quality n. 29. measure vt.i 9. seek vi.20. escape v/.& vt.21. joy n. 1. original 力.起初的：独创的；原作的n.起源adu.最初recover泣恢复健康:恢复常态全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制一 恢复2. respond

3、vi.&回答,回应；作出反应，响应t n.回答；响应judge W.&泣评价,（尤指）批评；判断，认为n.法官；裁判员一 n.判断3. apologize源道歉,谢罪一 n.道歉behaviour n.行为，举止，态度W.举止4. 世曲泣受苦，受折磨：变差巾遭受,蒙受一.痛苦，苦难basis n.基础；原因；基准一 W.根据；以为基础一a4.基本的5. resDeci以尊重,尊敬尊敬，敬意；重视“力表示敬意的M/.体面的；值得尊敬的6. efficient 力.效率高的,有功效的n.效率；效能reflection n.沉思；反射；映像；反映一 泣反思；反射7. comfort 宽慰，抚慰.舒服

4、；安慰a力舒服的benefit n.优势，益处，成效使受益阮得益于。的.有益的8. failure n.失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障一 以失败recognize %承认,意识到；认出，辨别出t.认出；认可；承认9. death n.死，死亡；死亡状态adj.死的vi.死亡admire vt.钦佩；欣赏一的.令人敬佩的n.钦佩；欣赏Id like to express my (admire) for the bravery of the firefighters.我想表达我对英勇的消防员们的钦佩。随堂练习一 .单词拼写1. The we reached the farm, red app

5、les and yellow pears came into our view.2. This unique leaching method will (有益于)a large number of students.3. The policemen were struggling to search for the thief who had from the prison.4. You may be a success in your job, but as a father you are a .5. Though I hadnt seen Mary fbr years I her imm

6、ediately I met her.6. The old man was so that he donated all his savings to the charity.7. I sent my application form to the (公司)，but I didnt get any response.8. I my English teacher most for his patience and kindness to us.二.单句语法填空Hurry up and we can make to the airport in time.1. Luckily, my fathe

7、r soon recovered the operation.2. We desire for a house which is (comfort) and warm.3. There was nobody sight when the man came round the coiner.4. Cheer up, sometimes failure is (benefit) to our growth.5. Most of us admire the great scientist what he has done fbr our country.6. The government has t

8、aken (measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods.7. Great changes have taken place so much in my hometown that it is beyond my (recognize).语法一、定语从句的定义在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行 词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等；关系副词有 when, where, wh

9、y。二、关系代词的基本用法. who的用法示例：The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。归纳：who指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。1. whom的用法示例：Jack is the person (who/whoni) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。The old man (whom) the girl had (ricked was my grandfather.女

10、孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷.归纳：whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。2. which的用法示例：The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一台能飞的机器。The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校/。 归纳：which指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。3. that的用法示例：The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报

11、告是关于摩托车比赛 的。The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.每年来参观这个城市的人 数达到一百万。归纳：Ihal既指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。4. whose的用法示例：He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国闻

12、名的科学家。归纳：whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。三、疑难点津.宜用that不宜用which的情况当先行词是 all, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing, some 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一 切能做的都已经做了。当先行词被 all, every, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the right, ihe last, jusl 等修饰时。Music is the only th

13、ing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。当先行词中既有人乂有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。1 .关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Those w

14、ho are over 45 wont be permitted into the hall.超过 45 岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。温馨提示“one of+复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；the only one of+复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单 数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯个学过法语的男孩。

15、2 .为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visiled后不可加il)这就是我们上星期天参观过的那家工厂。 一.用适当的关系代词填空She has a brother name I cant remember.1. The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting.2. The persons were injured in the car accident are being treated in the

16、 hospital now.3. This is the best film we have ever made about friendship.4. The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.二.用定语从句合并句子The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful.The city I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise.1 live next

17、 door to a couple .1. The woman is my mother.You are looking after her. is my mother.三.用适当的关系代词填空Any man has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item.1. Wc often talk about the persons and things wc remember.2. She is the only one of the children is good at music here.3. The first place she

18、 visited in China was the History Museum.4. Those want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm.5. The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week.四.单句写作用定语从句完成下列句子.这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。(that)1 .你想买那本内容非常鼓舞人心的书吗？ (whose)?2 .打破窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。(who).她是公司里唯一一个受教育不多的员工。（that）三.知识拓展士 知识点

19、 01 Whether wee walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, were hardly out of each others sight.sight .视野；视力；看见out of ones sight脱离某人的视线in sight看得见lose sight of 看不见catch sight of 看见come into sight 进入视野at first sight 乍一看at the sight of.一看见|单句语法填空/完成句子After wc walked for a lo

20、ng time, a village was sight finally.The children jumped with joy the sight of their Christmas gifts.The moment we reached the small island, amazing natural scenery.Half an hour later,we the land.我们刚一登上小岛，令人惊叹的自然风光便映入眼帘。半个小时后，我们看不见陆地了。至 知识点 2 Dont be so quick to judge your friend.judge M&阮评价；(尤指)批评；

21、判断，认为n.法官;裁判员(l)judge.by/from 根据判断as far as I can judge 据我判断judging by/from.从来判断(2)judg(c)mcnt n.判断力；意见，看法in ones judg(e)ment 在某人看来单句语法填空/单句写作Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge).(judge) from what he did, he must be an honest man.L我们不应该以貌取人。士 知识点 3 Perhaps she knows shes in the wrong and

22、 wants to apologize* or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.apologize vi.道歉，谢罪 (I )apologize to sb.for (doing) sih.因(做)某事向某人道歉(2)apology n.道歉make an apology to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉owe sb.an apology=owe an apology to sb.应向某人道歉单句语法填空/一句多译The boy wrote a letter to his neighbour and apo

23、logized for playing the piano loudly at night.她应该为她的不得体行为向她的朋友道歉。She should for her bad behaviour.(apologize)Shc should for her bad bchaviour.(apology)2 知识点 4 In any,case, find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.in any case无论如何，不管怎样in that/(his case在那种/这种情况下in case of 万一，以防in no c

24、ase决不位于句首时，句子用部分倒装as is often the case这是常有的事用与case有关的短语填空/句式升级The doctor gave his phone number to the patients they needed his help.There is no simple answer, in science.You should in no case miss the opportunity to go to university for further study.一 miss the opportunity to go to university for fu

25、rther study.(用部分到装升级)士 知识点 5 However if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer its time to rethink your relationship.suffer泣受苦，受折磨；变差M遭受，蒙受(l)sufferfrom遭受；忍受；患病suffer 后常跟 pain/stress/losses/hardship/defeat 等名词作宾语。(2)suffcring n.痛苦；苦难(常用 p/.)(3)sufferer .患病者；受难者 单句语法填空/完成句子 Sadly, my g

26、randpa suffered heart attack.A11 the neighbours help brought an end to the (suffer) of the family.If a neighbor (suffer) an illness, we should offer to do (he grocery shopping.The fact is that .事实是，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。士 知识点 6.Whether were walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out al the weeke

27、nd, were hardly out of each others sight.whether.or.意为“无论还是，引导让步状语从句。whether还可以引导名词性从句，译为“是否工whether 常和 or 或 or not 连用，whether.or not 意为“是否”单句语法填空/完成句子Whether you like it not you11 have to pay fbr it.You should praise his effort regardless of he succeeds or fails., you should keep the campus clean.无

28、论你是学生还是老师，都应该保持校园清洁。生 知识点 7.When I called her, she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema.make it能够出席(或到场)；准时到达；获得成功；渡过难关一词多义/完成句子The flight leaves in twenty minuteswell never make it.He didnt make it to another summer and died that winter.I thought Grandpa was too old to climb onto the

29、 top of the hill, but he made it.You will if you dont lose heart and keep on trying.如果你不灰心，继续努力，你会成功的。2 知识点 8 Instead of regQyering at home, she was out having fun with someone else.recover无恢复健康；恢复常态以全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制(1 )recovcr from从中恢复过来recover onesel f恢复健康；清醒过来(2)recovery .恢复；复苏；痊愈Even though

30、he was hurt seriously in the car accident, he finally it.尽管他在车祸中受了重伤，但最后他康复了。After recovering his illness, he was advised to eat more vegetables and less meat.病愈后，他被建议多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。(3)1 got a bad cold but I recovered (I) a week later.我得了重感冒，但一周后我就康复了。To his mothers relief, the boy made a full (recover) a

31、fter the operation.令他母亲欣慰的是，男孩在手术后完全康复:。士 知识点 9. Perhaps she knows shes in the wrong and wants to apologize, or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.behaviour n.行为,举止;态度behave”.举动：举止或行为表现behave well/badly to/lowards sb.对待某人好/差behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩The waiter apologized for his b

32、ad towards the customers.这个服务员为他对顾客的不得体行为而道歉。1 want you two to behave (you) while Im away.我要你们两个在我不在的时候好好表现。She is very satisfied with her sons good (behave).她对儿子的良好表现非常满意。至 知识点 10 A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.count on依赖，依靠，指望(I)count v.数数；重要：看作；认为n.数量：计数(2)count on/upon(=r

33、ely/depend on/upon)依靠，依赖count on sb.to do sih.指望某人做某事count on it that指望(其中6为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语)一词多义/完成句子The woman is counting the coins on the table.1 count him as one of my best friends.Hurry up! Every minute now counts.You may the work will be finished ahead of (ime.你可以指望这项工作将提前完成。知识点 11.Ill always

34、 value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure mvself by these standards as our friendship develops.measure忧估量，判定；测量.措施；衡量(1 )mcasurc.by 用衡量be measured by/in.用来计算/衡量(2)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事make.to one,s measure根据某人的尺寸做注意：measure表示“测量长、高或宽时”是连系动词，无被动语态。单句语法填空/完成句子Measures should

35、 be taken (forbid) killing and eating wild animals.My mother made me a pair of trousers my own measure.The pond (measure) about 2 metres across.The government the shortage of food.政府已采取了一些措施来解决粮食短缺问题。士 知识点 12. However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into ou

36、r own world.escaped/以逃脱，躲避；逃跑：避开，避免；被遗忘逃离，逃脱(1 )escape from从逃脱/逃跑escape+n./doing slh.逃避(做)某事sth.escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘(2)a narrow escape 九死一生单句语法填空/完成句子That was narrow escape all right when our car turned over!Fortunately he escaped the burning house without being injured.Yesterday, I came across my f

37、ormer classmate, but.昨天，我遇到了我以前的同学，但是我想不起来他的名字了。至 知识点 13.As we live in social groups, there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.benefit/r优势，益处，成效M使受益以得益于(l)be of benefit to对有益的 for the benefit of为了的利益(2)benefit from.从中受益benefit sb.使某人获益 (3)beneficial。的.有益的be beneficial to.对有益 单句语法填空/句型

38、转换It is said that the company has benefited a lot the new policy.Learning a foreign language is great benefit (o us students.It is known to us that cycling is very beneficial to human health.It is known to us that cycling human health.Thc new teachers teaching methods will benefit many students.Many

39、 students will the new teachers teaching methods.2 知识点 14 We often find it easier to recognize other peoples weaknesses than our own.recognize W.承认,意识到；认出，辨别出(1 )recognize ones voice辨别出某人的声音recognize sb./sth.as/to be.认为某人/某物是It is recognized ihal.人们公认(2)recognition n.承认；认出beyond recognition 认不出来单句语法

40、填空/完成句子/单句写作After 25 years, the town centre had changed beyond (recognize).The moment I answered the phone， .我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。这部电影被认为是一部很成功的电影。士 知识点 15 Here, friendship has a double advantagehappiness 垣kes.Qn a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved !take on呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用take

41、away拿走；使离开；消除病痛等lake over接收，接管，取代take in吸收;理解;欺骗take up从事；占据；继续用take短语完成句子I know how busy you must be and I wont much of your time.After the heavy rain, the old village a new look.He has lo (he company when his father retires.2 知识点 16 Wc often andJOasicmccognizc Other peoples weaknesses than our own

42、.it作形式宾语(I)句中it作find的形式宾语，不定式短语to recognize other peoples weaknesses作真正的宾 语,形容词easier作宾补。(2)句型基本结构是：主语+谓语+ it作形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语。(3)常用于以上结构的动词有make, feel, think, find, consider等。(4)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词，真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。单句语法填空/完成句子The heavy rain makes it impossible for me (reach) my office on time.He thi

43、nks it of great importance he should make efforts to improve his English. The boy his hobbies and his school work.这个男孩发现很难平衡他的爱好和他的功课。1 foreigners in English.我发现用英语和外国人交谈很有趣。 工 知识点 17 I must respect and support the choices he makes.respect”.尊重，尊敬n.尊敬，敬意；重视(I )respect sb.for sih.因某事而尊敬某人(2)have/show

44、respect for sb.尊敬某人givc/scnd ones respects to sb.向某人表达敬意：问候某人(3)respectable时.可敬的,体面的The person I most is my mother.我最尊敬的人是我的母亲。Please send my (respect) to your parents.请向你的父母致以我的敬意。There are many (respect) people around us.我们周围有许多值得尊敬的人。 士 知识点 18 However, when we gek to be alone, we must be careful

45、that we do not always escape into our own world.seek(sought sought)或,试图;寻找；争取寻求;寻找seek to do sth.试图做某事；努力做某事seek for/after 找寻；寻求A11 of us arc happiness while few of us know what is happiness.我们都在寻求幸福，而我们中很少有人知道什么是幸福。I sought (persuade) my father to stop smoking, but failed.我试图说服我父亲戒烟，但失败了。 sadness,s

46、adness,: 知识点 19 The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, success and JMlurg.failure n.失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障(l)a failure 一个失败的人；一件失败的事(2)fail to do sth.没能做某事,未能成功fail (in sth.)失败，没有通过 As is known to all, is the mother of success.众所周知，失败是成功之母。The man has ac

47、hieved great success in his career, but as a father, he is failure.这个人在事业上取得了很大的成功，但作为一个父亲，他是一个失败者。Unfortunately, he failed(pass) the entrance examination.不幸的是，他未能通过入学考试.1 failed my attempt to persuade her.我未能说服她。工 知识点 20 They admired each other and quickly became friends.admire M钦佩；欣赏(l)admire.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕(2)admirabic时.可钦佩的;值