专题23-Unit4词汇与语法(教师版)--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲(牛津译林版2020).docx
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1、Unit4词汇与语法一.重点词汇皿 以不做(应做的事情等);跳过近.蹦蹦跳跳地 走;略过1. yogurt n.酸奶concentrate vz.& W.集中(注意力、思想等);全神 贯注2. 亚n乐变苗条,减肥。沙苗条的;微薄的,小的per cent n. 百分之3. prove linking v.后来被发现是M证明,证实diet z?.节食;日常饮食近.节食,进行规定饮食4. nutrition n. 营养function ui.起作用,正常工作,运转.作用, 功能,职能5. memory n.记忆力,记性;记忆,回忆rather adv.相反,而是;相当;更准确地说6. aspect
2、n.方面,层面二.词汇拓展7. attack n.发作;攻击;抨击以&位.攻击;侵袭;抨击8. amount n.数量schedule n.日程安排,工作计划;时间表9. plastic.可塑的;塑料的n.塑料surgery n.外科手术10. campus n.(大学、学院的)校园,校区guy n.小伙子,家伙11. saying n.格言,谚语,警句shadow n.阴影,影子;昏暗处,阴暗处12. digital4力.数码的,数字的series n. 一系列,连续13. external a力.外来的,外在的;外面的,外部的content n.内容;目录1. immediately ad
3、u.立即,马上 conjL就一immediate a力.立刻的,马上的extreme。力.极端的;严重的n.极端不同的感情(或境况、行为方式等)一extremely 4小.极端地2. effect n.效果,作用;影响effective .有效的:生效的energetic。力.精力充沛的,充满活力的energy.精力3. frightened 力害怕的,惊吓的,受惊的frighten”.使恐惧-frightening/.令人恐惧的pressure n.心理压力,紧张;压力;要求,催促press可.&日催促,逼迫;按,压;挤,推n.报章杂 志,报刊4. contribute vi& -是的原因之
4、一;捐赠,捐献;增加,添力一contribution 贡献treatment n.治疗;对待,待遇;处理-treat ”治疗;对待5. addition n.增加,添加;加法一add 已增加beauty n.美,美丽;美人,美好的东西beautiful。力.美丽的6. fashion n.时尚,时兴;流行款式fashionable 力.时尚的,流行的strength n.优势;力气,力量;实力-strengthen巩固,力口强strong。力,强壮的7. talent n.天资,天赋;人才,天才-talented 力有才能的achievement n.成就,成绩;达到,完成achieve完成,
5、达到4. I know studying is important, but my parents put too much on me.5. . The popular TV (系歹ll 节 目)gave us much joy and surprise.6. John on his studies though there were much noise outside.7. Despite the heavy rain, the school bus arrived on .答案1 .extreme2.energetic 3.rather 4.pressure 5.series6.con
6、centrated 7.schedule 二,单句语法填空His parents took pride the achievements he had made.1. The prisoner who escaped from the prison ended being caught again.2. Later, he found the measures more (effect) than before.3. At last she got a chance to show her talent before a real audience.4. The best (treat) fo
7、r a cold is to rest and drink a lot of water.5. We all admire the scientist for her (contribute) to our country.【答案】语法语法精析当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词引导定语从句。常用的关系副词主要有where, when, why。1 .关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, spot等),关系副词where 在从句中作地点状语。常用in which, at which, on which等代替。Th
8、ey are playing in the park where( = in which) there are many flowers.他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。The office where( = at which) the girl works is not far from here.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。疑难点津有一些先行词,如point, stage, position, case, condition等,属于抽象的地点名词,如果定语从句中缺状 语,需用where引导。You reach a point in any project where you just w
9、ant to get the thing finished.从事任何项目你都会进入一种境界:一心想完成它。We reached a stage where we had to answer violence with violence.我们到了必须用暴力来对抗暴力的境地。2 .关系副词whenwhen引导定语从句时,先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, week, month, year等),关系副词when 在从句中作时间状语。常用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。There used to be a time when
10、(=during which) I hated going to school.我有一段时间不愿意去上学。ril never forget the day when( = on which) I left for college with my father.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去大学的那天。3 .关系副词whywhy引导定语从句时,先行词常为reason,关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用forwhich代替。Can you explain the reason why(= for which) you dont help him?你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗?Can you te
11、ll me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗?疑难点津表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时,定语从句可用关系代词引导,也可用关系副词引导。若先行词 在定语从句中作状语时,应用关系副词;若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语等时,则应用关系代词。试 比较:Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗? (when在从句中作状语)Do you remember the day
12、s that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that或which作spent的宾语)I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why作原因状语)I wont listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语,所以用which/that,不用why)一,
13、单句语法填空1. Do you still remember the day I first saw you?2. This is the reason I passed out that day.3. ril never forget the day on I was attacked by a shark.4. . The picture called up the days we spent together.5. . You will get into a position you have to decide immediately.6. The reason he explaine
14、d at the meeting was not reasonable.7. The basketball match is (schedule) to be held in the new stadium next month.8. It is reported that large amount of money has been spent on the new bridge.答案 二.用定语从句完成句子1 . was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.他上班迟到的原因是陷入了交通堵塞中。2 . This is the house .这是一位著名艺术家
15、多年前住过的房子。3 . There was a time.曾经有一段时间,女性被瞧不起。4 . is owned by my uncle.那个种着玫瑰花的花园为我叔叔所有。【答案】l.The reason why he was late for work.where a famous artist lived years ago5 .when women were looked down upon.The garden where roses are planted三用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空This is the house Shakespeare was born.1. He did
16、nt tell me the reason he was so excited.2. He has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.3. Do you still remember the day we met on the train for the first time?4. . They all lent a helping hand to the man house had been burnt down.5. This is the park in we had a picnic la
17、st Sunday.6. She is the person you can turn to for help.7. . Do you still remember those days we spent in that poor wooden house?8. Give me a reason is different from the one you gave last time.9. This is the museum we visited during our class trip.【答案】1 .where 2.why 3.which 4.when 5.whose 6.which 7
18、.who/whom/that8.which/that9.which/that 10.that/which 四,单句写作(含定语从句).我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的那一天。*.我仍然记得我父亲10年前工作的那个农场。*.你知道她晕倒的原因吗?9*1 .正和我妈妈说话的那个人是位诗人。2 .我不喜欢你说话的方式。【答案】1.1 will never forget the day when I first saw you.1.1 still remember the farm where my father worked 10 years ago.3 .Do you know the reason
19、why she fainted.The man who is talking with my mother is a poet.5.1 dont like the way (that/in which) you speak.三.知识解析建 知识点 01 She told me she had trouble gpncentBting in class.concentrate vi.&训集中(注意力、思想等);全神贯注(1 )concentrate on (doing) sth.集中;全神贯注于(做)某事concentrate ones mind/attention/energy on.将心思/
20、注意力/精力集中于(2)concentration n.集中精力;专心;关注;重视注意:表示“专心于,全神贯注于”的短语还有:focus ones mind/attention on; put ones heart into等。单句语法填空/一句多译(Dlnstead of just concentrating the side effects of the drug, we should notice its functions. He concentrated his energy on (study) the history of Loulan.爸爸希望我能集中注意力于我所学的东西上。M
21、y father hopes that I can .(concentrate)My father hopes that I can .(focus)My father hopes that I can .(put ones heart into)【答案】l.on 2.studying3.concentrate my attention on what Im studying, focus my attention on what Im studying put my heart into what Im studying皇 知识点 2 They are increasing their ef
22、forts to educate teenagers about the side effects of losing weight too quickly.effect n.效果,作用;影响(l)side effect 副作用have an effect on/upon对产生影响bring/put/carry.into effect 使实施/生效come into effect生效;开始实施take effect生效,开始实施;开始起作用,见效 (2)effectiveM.有效的;生效的单句语法填空/完成句子One of the most (effect) ways to reduce st
23、ress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.As far as Im concerned, punishment had very little effect him.The Drink Driving Law from May 1,2011.酒驾法律自2011年5月1日开始生效。 according to the doctor.医生说这种药很快就会见效。答案1 .effective2.on/upon3. came into/took effect4.The medicine will soon come into/take ef
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