专题17-Unit1词汇与语法（教师版）--2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）.docx

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1、Unitl词汇与语法一.重点单词记忆oath /h道路；小路；成功的途径1. individual n.个人如/单独的，个别的character n.品质，性格；人物，角色：文字2. positive ”力.积极乐观的:良好的，正面的acquire M获得,得到3. efforts努力，费力的事；试图resource n.资源；资料；谋略4. attitude n.态度，看法goal n. H标；进球得分5. focus n.焦点,重点比& 集中泣集中remind 提醒,使想起6. ajm n.目的，目标ni.&w.力争做到；目的是;针对7. style n.风格；方式；样式technique

2、 n.技巧，技艺；技能8. material n.材料，素材。力.物质的，实际的；客 观存在的eoster 海报；（在网络留言板上）发布消息的 人9. secondary。靖.中学的,次要的exchange n. &必交换；交流；兑换10. biology n.生物学butter n.黄汕二.词汇拓展. potential n.潜力：可能性。靖.潜在的，能的一potentially潜在地,可能地1. challenge n. & 同.挑战：质疑challenging M.有挑战性的advance n.进步，进展；前进，行进”.&阮发展，进步-advanced 力.先进的,高级的2. amazi

3、ng6必.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的amaze 3使惊讶amazed a.惊讶的confidence n.信心，信任；把握一confident adj.自信的3. equal 相等的:6等的;相当的.同等的人（物linking v.与相等也比得上Teaually adv.平等地balance M同等重视;（使）保持平衡；权衡重要性小均衡，平衡；平衡能力-balanced,必.平衡的4. responsible a力.有责任,负责；可靠的一responsibility .责任improve）/.& W.改进,改善一imDrovemeni .改进5. proposal n.提议，建议，动议一pro

4、pose 提议Professional。力.职业的,专业的：有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的n.专门人员，专业人士-profession 职业，专业6. host n.主:人；东道主；主持人I.主办；主持hostess .女主人，女主持人tough a力.艰难的;严厉的；坚强的；坚固的toughly ad也艰难地:粗暴地7. alarm n.闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器使惊恐，使害怕一alaimcd。力.惊恐的一planning ”力.使人惊恐的contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠coniribute n.捐献；贡献8. fortunately adv.幸运地,幸亏Tfortunate ad

5、j.幸运的Tfortune .大笔的钱；时运：命运option n.可选择的事物，选择；选修课一optional a力.可一选择的3. Can you explain the (想法)behind your proposal to us?4. It is (惊人的)to see the colorful fish swimming around.5. Generally speaking, if we book a ticket in , i is cheape匚The artist combines different (技工5，技艺)in the same painting.6. She

6、(获得)a knowledge of Japanese when she was in Japan.7. The Internet has become a valuable in schools nowadays.8. We all admired her for her (努力)while she was in that village.9. The members of the team contributed greatly to the shows success.【答案】I.challcngcd2.potcntial3.thinking4.amazing5.advancc6.tcc

7、hniqucs7.acquircd8.resource 9.cfforts 10.individualHL单句语法填空is known to all, hard work leads to success.1. I was (alarm) to see that the men were carrying guns.2. Please remind Jane(bring) her laptop when she comes.3. The volunteers contribute their own time the project.4. She has confidence in the t

8、heory (base) on much information.5. This is a book aimed helping those who have little education.6. In our company, Mike is responsible sales and marketing.7. Wc (exchange) addresses and promised to write to one another.8. The school is going well, but theres a need fbr further (improve).9. Dont you

9、 believe in (equal) between men and women?答案LAs 2.alarmed3.to bring4.to 5.based6.at 7.for 8.exchanged9.improvement 10.equality语法主语 + 谓语(S ubject+Verb)主语 + 系动词 + 表语(Subject+Verb + Predictive)主语 + 谓语 + 宾语(Subjecl + Verb+Object)主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾in (Subject+Verb+Object+Object)主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾补(Subject+Ve

10、rb+Object+Object complement)感悟规律.主语和谓语是句子的必要部分。1 .宾适一定要跟在及物动词的后面。2 .当谓语动词后有两个宾语时，第-个是间接宾语,第二个是直接宾语。3 .宾语补足语是对宾造的补充说明。语法精析一、句子成分句子是表达思想的基本单位，主要的句子成分(sentence elements)有主语(S)、谓语(V)、宾语(O)、补语(C)、状语(A)、表语(P)、定语(AUr.)等。具体如下:1 .主语(subject)：指句子所谈论的主体。主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、主语从句和短 语等来担任。Your attitude towards

11、my plan is very impo门anl.你对我计划的态度非常重要。To persuade her to change her mind is really very hard.说服她改变主:意确实很难。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。2 .谓语(verb)：谓语又称为“谓词”，指谓语部分的主要动词，通常说明主语所做的动作或主语的特征和状态。Each student in our class works very hard.(简单谓语)我们班的每个学生学习都很努力。The child could dress himself at the age of three.(复

12、合谓语)这个小孩三岁就会自己穿衣服了。3 .宾语(object)：通常指动作的对象。有的动词后面可以接两个宾语，通常把其中表示人的宾语称为间接宾 语(indirect object),把表示物的宾语称为直接宾语(direct object)The old man gave the child some nice books.老人给 f 这个孩子一些好书。I will buy a new coat for my mother.我要给妈妈买一件新外套。4 . lb io (complement)：补语分为主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement

13、),用来补充说 明主语或宾语的特征或情况。Later I found that person very critical.后来我发现那个人非常挑剔。The young man was caught smoking in the kitchen.有人撞见那个年轻人在厨房里吸烟。5 .状语(adverbial)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句。The boss tried to treat all the employees equally.这位老板尽量对所有员工一视同仁。Fortunately, the children were found near the village.幸运的是，这些孩子在

14、村子附近被找到了。6 .表语(predicative)：指连系动词后面的成分，通常说明主语的身份、特征或状态。常见的连系动词有be, become, feel, gel, look, seem 等。The days are getting longer and longer.白天变得越来越长。It is amazing that the little child can speak four languages.这个小孩会说四种语言，真令人惊讶。7 .定语(attributive)：修饰名词或代词。There are various goods in this supermarket.这个超市

15、里有各种各样的货物。The girl is eager for an opportunity to join the club.这个女孩渴望有机会加入这个俱乐部。二、句子结构常见的句子结构(sentence structures)有以下八种：1 .主谓：主语+谓语(SV)在这个结构中，谓语动词是不及物动词，能表达完整的意思。后面不接宾语，但可以接副词、介词短语、 状语从句等。Our knowledge of the disease has advanced over recent years.近年来我们对这种病的 了 解有所进展。The last moment finally came.最后时

16、刻终于到来了。2 .主系表：主语+连系动词+表语(SVP)在这个结构中，谓语动词必须是连系动词；表语多为形容词，也可为名词、代词、副词、数词、介词短语、 不定式、分词及表语从句等。His present life is really tough.他现在的生活确实艰难。The girls favorite subject is biology.这个女孩最喜欢的科目是生物学。3 .主谓宾：主语+谓语+宾语(SVO)在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整的意思，后面必须接宾语。充当宾语的通常是名词(动 名词)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)及宾语从句等。The young teacher tri

17、ed to realize the students potential.这个年轻老师尽量发掘学生的潜力。My brother aimed to become a famous director.我哥哥力争成为一位著名导演。4 .主谓宾宾：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，后接两个宾语，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。当把直接宾语放到 间接宾语之前时，间接宾语前应加适当的介词。We decided to teach him a lesson.我们决定给他一个教训I。The wise manager offered me a good job.这位明智的经理

18、给我提供了一份好的工作。5 .主谓宾补：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)在这个结构中，谓语动词是及物动词，后面接宾语和宾语补足语。充当补语的可以是名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)等。I opened the door and found him in the room.我打开门,发现他在房间里。After the accident, I found the man very responsible.在这起事故之后，我发现这个人非常负责任。When I turned around, I saw him standing【here.我转过身，看见他正站在那里。6 .主谓状

19、：主语+谓语+状语(SVA)All the students are working hard now.现在所有学生学习都很努力。The trees on this hill grow very well.这座山上的树生长得很好。7 .主谓宾状：主语+谓语+宾语+状语(SVOA)He reminded me of that matter so often.他经常提醒我那件事情。The young man solved the problem so properly.那个年轻人非常恰当地解决了这个问题。随堂练习提示：题干中加灰底的词汇是本课时或前面课时中的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。一

20、.写出下列句子中画线部分在句中的成分Our English teacher is kind and friendly.1. The middle-aged man sees his doctor regularly.2. I was not satisfied with his attitude towards his work.3. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.4. They are looking for the person responsible for the program.5. The in

21、dependent boy was popular with the teachers.6. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and holpful.【答案】I .表语2.状语3.谓语4.宾语5.定语6.主语7.宾补二.阅读下面这篇短文，写出画线句子的句子结构How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tom, 1 .that dream has come 【rue !This tenn.2.Tom and hi

22、s classmates are living on a ship !They take the same subjects as you do like maths and English.3.Thcy also Icain about the ships and the sca.4.Tom writes his parents an email every week and tells them what haDDened on the ship.Tom loves living on the ship.And after a long day of study, he likes to

23、watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out.5.Studying and doing homework seem much morn fun when you are at sea. 【答案1.主语+谓语主语+谓语+状语7. 主语+谓语+宾语语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语8. 语+系动词+表语三.根据括号内的要求把下面两句话合并成一句话1. Weve painted the walls.Theyre bright yellow now.（用“宾语 + 宾补的形式连接两句）We gave him.We gave a book.（

24、用双宾语的形式连接两句）2. We have physics in the classroom.The classroom is new.（用 new 作定语连接两句）Toni is my good friend.He looks thin.（用主系表的形式连接两句）答案.Wee painted the walls bright yellow.2 .We gave him a book.3 .Wc have physics in the new classroom.4 .My good friend Tom looks thin.四.单句写作.前不久我姑姑给我买了各种各样的书。（主语+谓语+宾

25、语+状语）1 .最重要的任务是努力学习。（主语+系动词+表语）.我听说她儿子负责这项重要的工程。（主语+谓语+宾语）【答案】.My aunt bought various books for me the other day.1 .The most important (ask is to study hard.3.1 hear that his son is responsible for the important project.18. attract W.吸引,使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)attractive。力.吸引人的一attraction有吸引力的事物三.知识解析士 知识点 01

26、Who knows what beautiful works of art you will create, what medical advances you will make or what amazing technologies you will develop!amazing。力.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的(1 )amaze 使惊讶(2)amazed的.惊讶的be amazed at/by对感到惊讶(3)amazement .惊讶；惊愕to ones amazement让某人惊讶的是in amazemenl惊讶地；惊愕地注意：amazed.惊讶的，用来形容人的心理、表情或声音等；a

27、mazing 山.令人大为惊奇的，用来形容事或物。单句语法填空our amazement, she ate so many apples in five minutes.Actually, it (amaze) me that he had given up such a good opportunity.His (amaze) look on his face suggested that he was very surprised.Wc were amazed at the exhibits.We couldnt help taking pictures all the time.(用 s

28、o.that 将这两个句子合并为 一句)【答案】l.To 2.amazed3.amazed4.We were so amazed at the exhibits that we couldift help taking pictures all the time.至 知识点 2. Carefully plan your study, set clear goals and balance your schoolwork with other activities, balance W.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性.均衡，平衡；平衡能力(l)balance.against.把与进行权衡k

29、eep/lose ones balance 保持/失去平衡(2)balanced 如/.平衡的a balanced diet均衡的饮食单句语法填空/完成句子To keep healthy and slim, we should keep a (balance) diet.Suddenly, and fell off (he bike.突然，这个女孩失去平衡，从自行车上摔了下来。The doctor .医生建议我要均衡饮食。答案I .balanced 2.the girl lost her balance3.advised me to have a balanced diet知识点 3.Qequ

30、al importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude. be+of+抽象名词；倒装句(1 )be of importance为“be+of+抽象名词”结构，相当于“be+形容词”，这一结构可以说明主 语的性质，常见的抽象名词有importance, value, use, help等。(2)本句是一个完全倒装句。其正常语序为 Good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude are of equal importance.为了平衡句子结

31、构，将表语置于句首。这类倒装结构为“分词/副词/形 容词/介词短语+ be+主语”。单句语法填空/句型转换The old map will be great use while you are traveling.We know (hat learning English well is of great (important).The days are gone when women were looked down upon.Gone when women were looked down upon.(改为倒装句)I have the confidence that my advice w

32、ill be very valuable to you.1 have the confidence that my advice will to you.【答案】l.of 2.importances.are the days4.be of great value士 知识点 4 Over the next three years, you will discover your potential while.you develop as a student and as a person.while引导时间状语从句本句中while意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句。(2)whilc意为“然而；可

33、是“，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。(3)while意为“虽然；尽管“，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)表示转折。注意：while意为“虽然，尽管”时,与although, though用法相同,不与but连用。完成句子, I noticed a police car in front of (he store. 当我在公共汽车站等车时，我注意到商店前面有辆警车。My brother was washing the dishes .我弟弟在刷盘子，而我在擦桌子。(3), I helped her out of trouble and gain confidence.虽然我不喜欢她，但还是

34、帮她走出困境并获得自信。【答案】I .While I was waiting al the bus stop2.while I was cleaning the tabie3.While I disliked her至 知识点 5 Most importantly, your time and eff。n at senior high school will open the door (o your potential.effort .努力，费力的事；试图make efforts/an effort to do sth.努力做某事spare no efforts to do sth.不遗余力

35、地做某事with an effort 费力地without effort亳不费力地We should help those people in trouble.我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些有困难的人。He won the first prize in the speech contest .他亳不费力地在演讲比赛中获得了一等奖。In my opinion, students should to achieve their potential while at school.在我看来，学生在学校应该努力发挥他们的潜力。【答案】1 .spare no effort to2.without effor

36、t3.make efforts/an effort至 知识点 6 The possibilities are endless and I have cpnfjdence in your ability to makediffeience to your family， to your community and to our country.confidence n.信心，信任；把握(I )have confidence in 对有信心;信任with confidence 自信地(2)confidcnt adj. 信的be confident about/of对有自信/有把握(3)confid

37、ently adv.自信地The members of the basketball club all their manager.篮球俱乐部的成员都对他们的经理有信心。My teachers praise made me more confident my future.我老师的表扬使我对自己的未来更有信心。I can speak English very fluently and I that I will be the best volunteer of the exhibition.我能很流利地说英语，我相信我会成为这次展览的最佳志愿者。【答案】1 .have confidence i

38、n2.about/of3.am confident“F (士 知识点 7 Of e.qua.1 importance are good study habits, useful skills and a positive attitude.equal 切.相等的；平等的，相当的，能胜任的儿同等的人(物)%与相等：比得上(l)be equal to sth./doing sth.与相等；胜任做某事(2)equal sb.in (doing) sth.在(做)某事方面与某人匹敌(3)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌(4)equally 4d也平等地；同样

39、地As far as I know, he is quite the job.据我所知，他完全有能力胜任这项工作。His landscape paintings are in the western world.他的风景画在西方世界无与伦比。Men and women must be treated (equal) in education and employment.在教育和就业方面男女必须得到平等的对待。He is so strong that nobody can .Furthermore, no one dare challenge him.他太强壮了，没有人能比得上他的力气。而且，

40、没有人敢挑战他。【答案】I .equal to2.without equal 3.equally4. equal him in strength士 知识点 8 Setting goals gives you a fodis in life.focus II.焦点，重点W.&近.集中(l)focus on集中于；关注fbcus ones attention on.=put ones heart into.集中注意力于(2)focused M/.注意力集中的I单句语法填空/一句多译It will help you become more patient and (fbcus).The noise

41、made it hard for the students to fbcus their homework.我建议你把注意力集中在你正在学习的东西上。1 suggest that you should (put)一】suggest that you should .(focus)【答案】1. foe used 2.on 3.put your heart into what you are sludying4.focus your altention on what you are studying至 知识点 9 Instead, you should set goals based on yo

42、ur abilities and skills.base %以为基础(依据).根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营(l)base.on.把建立在的基础上(2)be based on以为基础；根据(3)basis n.基础on the basis of.在的基础上(4)basic M/.基础的；基本的I单句语法填空/完成句子I will plan my college life (base) on what I hope to do after graduation.AH of us have known more about the (base)reading methods.As we all k

43、now, he .众所周知，他把自己的成功建立在努力工作的基础上。【答案】1 .bascd2.basic3.bases his success on hard work至 知识点 lO.This will rcrnind.you of what you arc working for and keep you focused.remind也提醒，使想起remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事remind sb.that.提醒某人 单句语法填空/单句写作He often reminds me (care) about details w

44、hen Im reading.The new function can remind you appointments and important dates.我爸爸经常提醒我，糖对牙齿有害。【答案】l.to care2.of 3.My dad often reminds me that sugar is bad for the teeth.昼 知识点11. aim儿目的；目标说&W.力争做到；目的是；针对(l)aim at doing sth./to do sth.意欲/企图/力求做某事be aimed at目的是；旨在(2)with the aim of 以为目标(3)aimlcss 没有

45、方向的，无目的的(4)aimlessly。小.没有方向地，无目的地单句语法填空/句型转换These measures are aimed preventing violent crimes.Teamwork is required in order to achieve these (aim).These activities aim lo broaden our horizons.These activities .(aimed)【答案】l.at 2.aims3. are aimed at broadening our horizons士 知识点 12 Last year, I had th

46、e chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student.exchange n. & M交换；交流；兑换(l)in exchange for 交换(2)exchange slh.wilh sb.与某人交换某物exchange. for. W换取 单句语法填空/完成句子Fve just bought this blue sweater, but can I exchange it a yellow one?We will have an opportunity to exchange views the mana

47、ger.If you agree to our proposal, well give you paper your wood.如果你同意我们的建议，我们将用纸与你们交换木材。【答案】I .for 2.with 3.in exchange for至 知识点 13.Class discussion is very iinporlant in the UK, but I could not make a great Cftnlribujj.Qn.contribution n.贡献；捐款；捐赠；投稿(1 )make contributions/a contribution to 为做贡献(2)contribute vt.& vi.z的原因之一；捐赠,捐献；增加,添加contribuie to促成,造成;有助于contribute.投稿/捐赠 单句语法填空/一句多译Doing small things well contributes to (help) us meet bigger challenges in the future.He made a very positive (contribute) to the success of