2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练含答案3.docx

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1、2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（四）（A）Nowadays some panies are attempting to grow seafood from cells in a laboratory, rather than harvesting it from the oceans.With massive problems with overfishing worldwide and growing demand for supplies of seafood, the way fish currently makes its way to our plates is unable

2、to work long-term. Between 1961 and 2016, the average annual increase in global food fish consumption outpaced populationgrowth.This isnt good for us, the fish,or the environment as a whole.Cellular （细胞）seafood could be the answer. Just dont make the mistake of calling it lab-grown fish. None of us

3、in the industry would call it lab-grown seafood,says Mike Selden, CEO of Finless Foods. Finless Foods isnt lab-grown. We experiment and create our science in the lab, but dont produce there. Our products e from a production facility much like a farm . We just dont need the animals to create the nutr

4、ition.Finless Foods is a biotech pany located in San Francisco. Since- 2017, its been working to bring to market a species of cultured bluefin tuna （人工养殖的蓝鳍金枪 鱼）created using cellular technology. Shortly after that, the pany produced its first pound of bluefin tuna meat for a cost of about $19,000.

5、Since then, however, its been working to bring that price down.Selden terms what Finless Foods is doing as “cell-based seafood”. “Were growing seafood from real seafood cells,“ Selden explained. We take cells from a example, Cassius, s sly provocation （狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar

6、was the basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programs contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of

7、 Henry , s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do e to the text with a few biases （偏向）：their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and bees a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelm

8、ans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “ the noblest Roman of them all “ couldn l make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. CaesarT s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutusf s mistakes in leading th

9、e traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business when and how do you resist the boss?1. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honourable. D. Rude.2. According lo the passage, the Adelmans set up “

10、 Movers and Shakespeares ” to.A. help executives to understand ShakespeareT s plays belterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare s playsWhy

11、 do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.3. It can be inferred from the passage

12、that.A. the Adelmans program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximizedB. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare s playsC. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholarsD. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management fiel

13、d 参考答案： (A)： ADBC (B):CADB (C):ACDA (D):BACC (E):ABADfish once, and then grow them endlessly from that. We do the same process that happens inside of a fish and make it happen outside of a fish.”The goal of cellular seafood isnt, its supporters claim, to entirely disturb the current seafood industry

14、. Instead, its intended lo augment it 一 and perhaps to help reduce overfishing and illegal fishing. And when it es to certain sea species, this laboratory-based approach could help create a plentiful supply of certain fish without endangering the survival of certain overfished species as a whole.I .

15、What is the second paragraph intended to show?A. The problem with global overfishing.B. The decreasing food fish consumption.C. The negative environmental effects of seafood.D. The importance of producing cellular seafood.2 .Why is Mike Selden mentioned in the passage?A. To explain the concept of la

16、b-grown seafood.B. To show peoples passion for cellular seafood.C. To describe his panys devotion to cellular seafood.D. To introduce the features of producing cellular seafood.3 . What problem is Finless Foods trying to solve with cellular seafood?A. Its poor nutrient content.B.The high cost of its

17、 production.C. Its potential negative health effects.D.Theplicated production process.4.What does the underlined word “augment“ in the last paragraph mean?A. Cancel.B. Replace.C. Expand.D. Tolerate.(B)Jimmy is an automotive mechanic (汽修工)but he lost his job a few months ago. He has good heart, but a

18、lways feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 1() am and it was already 8:3(). While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of

19、his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately wenl up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush f

20、or an interview. Then the old man said/Well, I could take you to the office fbr your interview. Its the least I could do. Please. I insist.Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease (润滑油)on him after the car repair, but h

21、e did not have much lime to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he a

22、sked, uDo you really need to be intenqewed?,Jimmy,s heart sank/With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?% thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Ma

23、nager of the pany.“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know youd be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as

24、he landed himself a new job.1. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A. A friend car had a flat tyre.B. A wild man was pushing a car.C.An old mans car broke down.D. A terrible car accident happened.2. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?A. He was thankful to Jimmy.B. He was also to be in

25、terviewed.C. He always helped people in need.D. He needed a traveling panion.3. How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer question?A. The interviewer was very rude.B. He regretted helping the old man.C. He was sorry for the other applicants.D. There was no hope for him to get the job.4. What can

26、 we leam from Jimmys experience?A.Two heads are better than one.B. Good is rewarded with good.C. Where theres a will, theres a way.D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.(C)For two centuries, the famous University of Cambridge debating society has hosted many prominent figures, from world leaders to

27、 scientists to edians.On Nov 21, the Cambridge Union hosted its first-ever non-human guest. Designed by IBM, Project Debater is a machine that uses Artificial Intelligence (AI) to form a spoken argument. It can even listen and answer to opposing statements, much like a real person.Speaking with a vo

28、ice similar to Siri, Project Debater uses AI to search journals, newspapers and other information sources. It then filters out(过滤)useless information, picks the strongest arguments, and arranges them into a persuasive argument.“In the Cambridge test debate, it argued the topic: AI will ultimately do

29、 more harm than good. According to IBM, it is the first machine that can debate plicated topics with humans.Before the debate, more than 1,100 arguments for the positives and negatives of AI were submitted to the IBM website. The machine then analyzed these sources and formed the basis of its argume

30、nts in minutes. Project Debater then showed off its AI by arguing for both sides of the debate.Over a four-minute speech, it argued first that, “AI can only make decisions that it has been programmed to solve, while humans can be programmed for all plots, possible events.In support of AI, it then ar

31、gued that AI would create new jobs and “bring a lot more efficiency to the workplace.This isnt the first test for Project Debater. In June 2018, the machine went back-and-forth for 20 minutes against champion debater Harish Natarajan.According to New Scientist, on both occasions, Project Debater rep

32、eated points and didnt always sufficiently support them.Speaking to Cambridge Independent, Noam Slonim, the projects lead engineer, said, “The AI is not perfect, but its going in the right direction. The team hopes to improve the AI by researching why humans find certain arguments more persuasive th

33、an others.1. In which way docs Project Debater behave like a real person?A. It can listen and answer to opposing statements.B. It can speak wilh a voice similar to Siri.C. It can create various useful sources.D.It can deal with any situation.2. What were prepared for the machine before the Cambridge

34、 test debate?A. Analyzed sources.B. Useless messages.C. Materials for arguments.D. Items about human debaters.3. We can infer from the text that.A. AI did better than humans in argumentsB. the machine had rich ideas to support its pointsC. the machine beat Harish Natarajan in the first testD. Alneed

35、s more persuasive arguments in debatesWhatis Noam Slonims attitude to the AI ?A. Supportive.B. Unconfident.C. Negative.D. Indifferent.(D)Started in 1636, Harvard University is the oldest of all the many colleges and universities in the United States. Yale, Princeton, Columbia and Dartmouth were open

36、ed soon after Harvard.In the early years, these schools were much similar. Only young men went to college. All the students studied the same subjects, and everyone learned Latin, Greek and Hebrew. Little was known about science then, and one kind of school could teach everything that was known about

37、 the world. When the students graduated, most of them became ministers or teachers.In 1782, Harvard started a medical school for young men who wanted to bee doctors. Later, lawyers could receive their training(训练)in Harvards law school. In 1825, besides Latin and Greek, Harvard began teaching modern

38、 languages, such asFrench and German. Soon it began teaching American history.As knowledge increased, Harvard and other colleges began to teach many new subjects. Students were allowed to choose the subjects that interested them.Today, there are many different kinds of colleges and universities. Mos

39、t of them are made up of smaller schools that deal with（涉及）special fields of learning. Theres so much to learn that one kind of school cant offer it all.1. The oldest university in the US is.A. Yale B. Harvard C . Princeton D. ColumbiaFrom the second paragraph, we can see that in the early years,.A.

40、 those colleges and universities were almost the sameB. people, young or old, might study in the collegesC. students studied only some languages and scienceD. when the students finished their school, they became lawyers or teachersAs knowledge increased, colleges began to teach.A. everything that wa

41、s knownB. law and something about medicineC. many new subjectsD. the subjects that interested studentsOn the whole, the passage is about.A. how to start a universityB. the world-famous colleges in AmericaC. how colleges have changedD. what kind of lesson each college teaches now(E)One of the executi

42、ves gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. Brutus was not an honourable man, he said. He was a traitor (叛徒).And he murdered someone in cold blood.v The agreement was that Brutu

43、s had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said - at least as it was presented by Shakespeare - to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was

44、 nevertheless his superior. “ You have to understand,v the executives said, “ our policy is to obey the chain of mand. ”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare? s wisdom for profitable ends. No

45、ne more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known former advisers to the White House, who started up a training pany called uMovers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have bined their passion and their high-level contac

46、ts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, dealing with half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for