人教版初中英语八上unit3笔记.docx

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1、Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister一、本单元重要语法：形容词/副词比较级-erL形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化构成方法原级比较级最高级单音在词尾加-er或-esthighhigherhighest节词shortshortershortest和部么字母e词尾的词，加或-slatelaterlatest分双finefinestfinest音节nicenicernicest词重读闭音节词词尾只有hothotterhottest一个辅音字母时，先双写bigbiggerbiggest辅音字母，再加er或estthinthinnerthinnestfatfa

2、tterfattest以辅音字母+y 结尾的双音节funnyfunnierfunniest词，easyeasiereasiest先把，改为“匕再加earlyearlierearliest-er 或-estlovelylovelierloveliestfriendlyfriendlierfriendliestheavyheavierheaviesthappyhappierhappiestlazylazierlaziest多音节词beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful和部分在词前加more或mosthard-workingmore hard-workingmos

3、t hard-working双音节词outgoingmore outgoingmost outgoing2.常见修饰词：much,/ little,even,far,a bit,a lot,等注意：1）以ly结尾的副词adv,除early外，其余比较级基本都是加more;2）以-edging结尾的形容词adj.比较级基本都是加more;3）以ful厂less结尾的形容词adj.比较级基本都是加more;3 .形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessle

4、astfarfarther （更远） further （更深远）farthest（最远）furthest （最深远）4.常见句型结构:一、形容词比较级A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B“A比B更.（注意：A与B必须是同级的，即人人对应、物物对应）延伸：A +be动词+倍数+形容词的比较级+than+B A 比 B几倍 eg: A is twice bigger than B. A 比 B 大 2 倍 A + be动词+具体数词+形容词的比较级+than +B A 比 B.多少 eg: A is three years old than B. a 比 b 大 3 岁Who/whic

5、h +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ? A和B哪一个较.1） ）比较级and比较级 越来.；eg: hotter and hotter多音节比较级用“ more and more+原级eg:more and more beautiful4）“the+比较级（主+谓）,the+比较级（主+谓）”意思是越越” eg:The more, the better.5）“王+ is+the形容词比较级+of the tWO+（名复）“王语是两者中较eg:Tomisthetallerofthetwo. 二主+ is +the形容词比较级+of the twin=of the two/t

6、win,主+ is the形容词比较级.延伸：I have two friends,主+ is the 形容词比较级6）同范围比较：主+!+比较级+anv Other + 可数名词单数.eg:土nghai is taller than any other city in China.+the Other +复数：theother cities in Africa.不同范围比较：主+谓+比较级+亚L+可数名词单数 eg:Shanghai is taller than any other city.7）当比较对象相同时，用that（单数）/those（复数）指代前面相同的内容Eg： The wea

7、ther in Shanghai is warm than that in Beijing.（that 指代前面的 the weather）总结：如何做含有形容词比较级的题目？1）看句子有thanT用比较级2）看句中有修饰词much/a little/even等 一用比较级3）看到句中有限定of the two/twin/两个,就考查句中的the +比较级4）所有形容词/副词，先看形容词一看比较级属于哪种一最后再选修饰词例：I think math is than English.A. difficult B.difficulter C.much more difficult D.more m

8、uch difficult解析：题目中有than 一推断比较级一排除A;difficult是多音节，加more,一排除B;根据修饰词+比较级顺序一排除D,选择C二、原级比较（as.as中间必须跟原形）肯定结构：as+adi/adv.原级+ as （即A+谓语动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.）A与.B 一样；常考：as good as （谓语be动词）；as well as （谓语实义动词）；.否定结构:not as/so-F adj./adv.原级+里（即A+谓语动词 not +as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.） a不如/没有/不比b 这个句型常考同义句转换：

9、eg: A is not as poular as B=A is less popular than B=B is more popular than A.三、其他知识点1.反义疑问句：和谓语动词一致（遵循系助情）；Tom 叵good ,isnt he ?Tom doesnt like tigers, does he ? They ike oranges, do they?Tom war late yesterdaywasrft he ? Tom arrived late yesterday, dont they?Tom can sing ,carft he ?Tom hardly like

10、the book, does he ? There is nothing on the desk, is there?2,both+ 复数；both A and B; we both =both of us; they both = both of them 一谓语动词都用复数Both sides of the road道路的两侧一谓语动词用复数；either side of the rode道路的其中一侧一谓语动词用单数 3.singing/dancing/writing/swimming/running. competition 歌唱/舞蹈/写作/游泳/跑步.,比赛 “though 1）用

11、作连词，放在句中或者开头,引导状语从句二although2）用作副词adv.放在句末，要有逗号；（不过、可是、然而）5. the most important thing is to do sth.最重要的事情是去做某事have fun =have a good/nice/great time=enjoy doing sth.玩得开心、6. be talented in sth/doing sth在某方面/做某事方面有天赋truly adv用法（实前其他后） eg: A good friend should truly care about me .好朋友应该真正关心我.7. care abo

12、ut关心/在意；（用作动词）take care of =look after 照顾；take care =be careful 当心/小心make sb do让某人做某事；make sb/sth+adj使某物或者某人处于某种状态；8. laugh大笑laugh at sb嘲笑某人；smile微笑smile at sb朝某人微笑serious 一比较级 力口 more ; nothing serious 没什么严重的；9. Thats why + 句子；Thats because + 句子as long as 1）连词只要，引导状语从句；2）原级和.一样长10. necessary必须的/必要的

13、，用来修饰物/事，不能修饰人常用句型：It is necessary for sb to do sth.对某人来说做某事是必要的be different from 不同于；be different in 在某方面不同11. be the same sa 和.相同一反义词一 be different from 不同于bring out使显现；使表现出；bring out the best/worst in sb把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来12. less l）adj.比较少的/比较小的/年幼的；little的比较级；2） adv.没那么多/不那么多/更少/较少 less + adj/adv 比

14、较级 =not as/so adj/adv asEg: A is not as popular as B= A is less popular than B13. should情态动词+动词原形（常表建议）If 1）连词一是否 放在句中；2）连词一如果14. reach 1）伸出手臂/达到/够到reach for ones hand伸手帮某人；2）到达reach +直接加地点=get to +地点=arrive in/at +地点15. touch V. 1）感动 touch ones heart 令某人感动/打动某人的心 2）触摸 Dont touch the picture, n.联系ke

15、ep in touch保持联系；get in touch取得联系hard-working adj.工作努力的；辛劳的；work hard动词短语；hard work名词短语辛苦的工作16. heart n. a kind heart 一颗善良的心；lose heart 丧失信心；break ones heart 使心碎；be good at =do well in擅长于做某事；be good with对.有一套/善于应付.；be good to=be friendly to X寸好;be good for又寸,有好处In fact事实上17. be there 一直都在；eg : I am a

16、lways here.我一直都在这；be similar to和.相似;be similar in在某方面相似;18. help v.帮忙玲helper 帮手 help sb （to）do sth=help sb with sthcall sb at +电话号码 拨打电话给某人；19. Information 不可数名词a piece of information 一条消息其他补充知识:参考范文：0作文请你比较一下你和你的好朋友Alice之间的异同。可以从外貌、性格、爱好及学习等 方面进行对比，紧紧抓住不同点与相同点这两个方面进行描写。I have a good friend. Her nam

17、e is Alice. We are in the same class. In some ways, we are the same, but in some ways, we are different. I am as tall as Alice. But she is heavier than me. We both have black hair. But my hair is longer than hers. Alice is more outgoing than me. She likes sports. But I like music. She exercises ever

18、y day and she is stronger than me. I am smarter than her. And I am better at English than her. I dont think differences are important in a friendship.我有个好朋友。她名字叫爱丽丝。在某些方面我们是相同的，但是有的方面我们 也 是不同的。我和爱丽丝一样高。但是她比我胖。我们都留着黑发。但是我的头发比 她的要长。爱丽丝比我更外向。她喜欢锻炼。但是我喜欢音乐。他每天都锻炼，所 以她比我强壮。我比爱丽丝聪明。所以我英语比她好一些。我不认为不同点在友谊 里

19、占重要地位。（二）请以My best friend为题写一篇介绍你的朋友的短文。短文要运用课文所学的 有关句式，把你的朋友和你的长相（包括身高、头发、眼睛等）、体格（包括强壮强度 等）、性格（开朗、文静等）、学习情况等方面进行比较。词数80左右。My best friend and IMy best friend is Li Ming. We are in the same class. He is as old as me, but he is taller and stronger than me. Both of us have black eyes and black hair, bu

20、t his hair is shorter than mine. As for hobbies, we have something in common in some ways. I like the friends who have the same hobbies with me. Both of us like sports. We often exercise together after school. But he is more outgoing and better at sports than me. About the learning, I think Im a little smarter than him. Most of my subjects are better than his, so I often help him with his study.我最好的朋友是李明。我们在相同的班级。他和我年龄一样大，但是他比我 高。我俩都是黑眼睛，留着黑发，但是他的头发比我的要短。关于爱好方面，我 们在某方面是一样的。我喜欢和我有相同爱好的朋友。我俩都喜欢运动。我们经 常放学后一起锻炼。但是她比我更外向，在运动方面也比我更擅长。在学习方面， 我认为我比他聪明。我大部分学科都比他好，所以我经常帮助他学习