05+定语从句【知识串讲】-备战2023年高考英语语法知识串讲与运用(通用版).docx
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1、备战2023年高考 英语语法知识串讲05定语从句定语从句一般位于先行词的后面,定语从句由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that, as和关 系副词when, where, why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、who指人,在从句中作主语That is the man who inspires me to be a devoted person.2、whom指人,在句中作宾语,常可省略The professor (whom) you wish to see is in the lecture hall.3、whose通
2、常指人,也可指事物,在从句中作定语This is the scientist whose contribution is known all over the world.4、which指事物,在从句中作定语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略。This is the book which covers the history of Chinese culture.5、that指事物,也可指人,在句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时,常可省略This is the only novel that interests me in the bookstore.5、as引导的定语从句as也可以用作关系代词,既可以单独引
3、出定语从句,又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应, 从句中谓语动词常省略As we all know, wearing facial masks is good for us.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when表示时间,其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time, day, hour, year等)I still remember the time when we spent the Spring Festival together.2、where表示地点,其下先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place, room, house, street, area等)Is this the
4、hotel where we lived last winter holiday?3、why表示原因,常用在先行词reason后面I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不愉快注意关系代词和关系副词的选择:取决于从句中缺什么成分I still remember the time when we spent the Spring Festival together.缺斗犬语I still remember the time that/which/ X we spent together. 缺宾语三、关系代词前
5、带介词的定语从句1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,从句常由“介词+which (或whom)” 引出Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化This is the hero from whom weve learned a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到很多东西的那位英雄。2、定语从句也可以由“名词(或代词或数词)+介词+which (whom)”引出The house the windows of which were damaged in th
6、e hurricane has now been repaired.在飓风中窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经修理好了四、四种类型的定语从句只能用that引导1、当先行词是不定代词时,如 all, much, something, anything, everything, little, none 等词 时,定语从句引导词多为that例1 : Tell me everything that you know about the new camera.把你关于那个相机知道的都告诉我。2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级或由下面词汇修饰时,应该用that这些词分别是:first, the only, la
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