高中英语外研版高中选修7Module3Literature修改版howtobecomean.docx

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1、How to Become a More Efficient ReaderBecoming a more efficient reader is as easy as kicking a few bad habits.If you do something enough times, you form a habit around it, and the same goes for reading. So what are some of the classic bad reading habits, and how do you fix them?* A common bad roading

2、 habit is passive daydreaming. While we read, we9re thinking about a million other topics, none of which are related to what were actually reading.Our goal should be to turn this inefficient thinking into active mind wandering - a type of thinking that connects the infbnnation were reading to our ow

3、n experience. This way, we bridge different types of knowledge: what we already know and the new information weUl learn.Making the change is as easy as steering （弓I 导）your thoughts in the right direction. For example, imagine that youre reading an article about Italian art. Allow your mind to wander

4、 to your trip to Italy last year. That connection works as a kind of brain glue to which you can easily stick new information.* Another inefficient habit is rereading what youve just read. To avoid it, try covering the text youve just read with a business card, leaving just enough space for the line

5、 youre reading. Rereading often wastes time, but if you really dont get the authors meaning or come across a word you dont understand, its indeed worth going back over the material.* Finally, lots of people subvocalize （默读）as they read, mouthing along to the words they read or mentally whispering th

6、e text. Normally, the brain can process up to 400 words per minute, but when we read at talking speed,“ we only read about 150 words per minute. So if you simply stop subvocalizing, youll be able to process more than twice as many words per minute!When you want to read for speed and stop subvocalizi

7、ng, focus on the keywords and skip over the rest. Another strategy is to mumble （咕哝）hum or chew gum while reading - these noises rhythms will speed you up.You can read faster by taking shortcuts （捷径）.So now you know the bad habits. But how can you become a faster, more efficient reader? Start by fol

8、lowing these three simple steps.First, have a clear purpose in mind and a sense of responsibility for what you read.Choose what to read and what to skip over by asking yourself, Why am I reading this?” For example, if you want to improve your knowledge in a particular area or keep up to date with wo

9、rld affairs, then you can throw away the professional journals from two years ago!Then ask yourself, Why do I need this information?” It can be for a test, a meeting or even to help your child to do better in school. But if your child already has good grades, do you really need to read over their wo

10、rk every day?So, before reading any material, ask yourself these two critical questions; if you cant find a good answer, dont read it.Second, pre-view all nonfiction material before actually starting to read in order to get an idea of what its about, as well as which parts will be relevanl and inter

11、esting to you.Begin by reading first the first few introductory paragraphs to get an idea of where the intro is heading. Next, read the subheadings, titles and subtitles that are usually larger and bolded. Finally, read the first sentence of each paragraph in order to get a better idea of what each

12、section is about.Pre-viewing provides you with background information, and thus helps you read and comprehend the text faster while reducing the tendency （倾向）to reread. Once you have the background information, you dont need to constantly reread to ensure you understood it correctly.Pre-viewing alon

13、e will give you a big portion - 40 percent, in fact - of the materials key information. The rest is just explanations or examples.The third and final step is learning actual speed-reading techniques, which well explore over the course of the following blinks.To speed up your reading, try only readin

14、g the keywords.For most of us, reading training ended in elementary school, so our reading methods are quite outdated. These next blinks will provide you with new reading strategies that you can try out for yourself. Try them all, and see which ones work best for you.The first technique involves foc

15、using only on important words and skipping over the rest. When we read, our eyes tend to jump around in stops and starts instead of a smooth flow.Getting into a better flow is as simple as finding keywords, which are the more important words in a sentence. Typically, they are longer than three lette

16、rs and carry meaning. For example, try reading only the words in bold in the next sentence: The task is defined by a series of steps and elements.See? You dont need to read the whole sentence to figure out the meaning, so just read the important words instead.Another strategy is to stop your eyes on

17、 thought groups （意群）instead of separate words.Jmagine phrases as being separated by slashes （斜线）：By looking for/thought groups,/you force your eyes/to move forward faster/while maintaining/good comprehension.Comprehending the whole phrase at each stop will require you to use your peripheral vision. You can train your peripheral vision in a number of ways, such as by quickly glancing at phrases and trying to repeat them.Dont be surprised if your eyes feel tired as you practice these strategies, they9re just getting used to a new rhythm. The more you exercise your eye muscles, the better.