2019年高三二轮复习--完形填空的解题技巧及训练+情态动词的复习.pdf

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1、20192019 年高三二轮复习年高三二轮复习-完形填空的解题技巧及训练完形填空的解题技巧及训练+情态动词的复习情态动词的复习一一.课程介绍课程介绍知识点知识点 1.归纳讲解完形填空的解题技巧（4）-议论文2.重点语法:情态动词的复习教学重点教学重点 1.掌握并运用好议论文体完形填空的解题技巧2.准确辨析及正确使用情态动词教学难点教学难点完形填空中高频词语的掌握二二.要点回顾要点回顾I.I.填空填空1._（catch）the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.2.The teacher came in

2、to the lab,_(follow)by some students.3.Much time _（spend）sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by healthproblems.4._（absorb）in painting,John didnt notice evening approaching.5._（work）for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.【答案】【答案】1.To catch【解析】【解析】不定式做目的状语【答案】【

3、答案】2.followed【解析】【解析】过去分词做伴随状语【答案】【答案】3.spent【解析】【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。spend 的逻辑主语是 time，二者是被动的关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动【答案】【答案】4.Absorbed【解析】【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。absorb 使用过程中的固定搭配是be absorbed in，John 和be 之间是主动关系，所以应该是Being absorbed in的形式，但是在平时的使用中being 经常被省略掉【答案】【答案】5.Having worked【解析】【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。主句主语 Steve 和 work 是主

4、动关系，而且工作持续时间是两天，所以选择现在分词的完成时形式II.II.完形填空完形填空The findings come from a study of nearly 1,000 US people that looked at diet,calorie intakeand body mass index(BMI)a measure of obesity._1_ is found that those who ate chocolate afew times a week were,on _2_，slimmer than those _3_ ate it occasionally.Even

5、_4_chocolate is loaded with calories,it contains ingredients(成分)that may favour weigh t loss _5_than fat synthesis,scientists believe._6_ boost ing calorie intake,regular chocolate consumptionwas related to lower BMI in the study,_7_ is published inArchives of Internal Medicine.Thelink remained even

6、 when other factors,like how _8_ exercise individuals did,were taken into_9_.And it appears it is how often you eat chocolate that is important,rather than how much ofit you eat.The _10_ found no link with quantity consumed._11_ to the researchers,there is only one chance in a hundred that their fin

7、dings could beexplained by chance alone.Lead author Dr Beatrice Golomb,from the University of California atSan Diego,said:“Our findings appear to add to a body of information suggesting that thecomposition of calories,not just the number of them,matters for determining their ultimate impacton weight

8、.”This is not the first time scientists _ 12_ that chocolate may be healthy for us.Otherstudies have claimed chocolate may be good for the heart.Consumption of certain types ofchocolate has been linked to some favourable changes in blood pressure,insulin(胰岛素)sensitivity and cholesterol(胆固醇)level.And

9、 chocolate,_13_ dark chocolate,does containantioxidants(抗氧化剂)which can help to mop up harmful free radicals unstable chemicals thatcan damage our cells.Dr Golomb and her team believe that antioxidant compounds,called catechins(儿茶素),canimprove lean muscle mass and reduce weight _14_ studies in rodent

10、s would suggest thismight be so.Mice _15_ for 15 days with epicatechin(present in dark chocolate)had improvedexercise performance and observable changes to their muscle composition.They say clinical trialsare now needed in humans to see _16_ this is the case.But before you reach _17_ a chocolate bar

11、,there are still lots of unanswered questions.And in the absence of conclusive evidence,experts advise caution.While theres no harm inallowing yourself a treat like _18_ now and again,eating too much might be harmful because itoften _19_ a lot of sugar and fat too.And if you are looking to change yo

12、ur diet,you are _20_to benefit most from eating more fresh fruits and vegetables.1A.AsBItCWhichDWhat2A.wholeBaverageCgeneralDshort3A.whoBthatCwhichDwhy4A.thoughBsoCbutDor5A.otherBratherClessDmore6A.ThoughBEven ifCWhenDDespite7A.thatBwhichCwhereDwhen8A.muchBoftenClongDmany9A.thoughtBmindCaccountDeffe

13、ct10A.newsBreportCstudyDbook11A.AccordingBBasedCReplyDResponse12A.had suggestedBsuggestedChave suggestedDsuggest13A.speciallyBparticularlyCluckilyDunfortunately14A.at leastBat mostCin factDby accident15A.feedingBfedCto feedDfeed16A.ifBwhatCwhyDthat17A.outBforCwithDinto18A.noodlesBchocolateCriceDnuts

14、19A.includesBtakesCabsorbsDcontains20A.probableBpossibleClikelyDabout【答案】文章讲述的是一项研究发现经常摄入巧克力有助于提高人们的身体素质。1-5.BBAAB6-10.DBACC11-15.ACBAB16-20.ABBDC三三.知识精要知识精要1.1.议论文体的完形填空的解题思路议论文体的完形填空的解题思路议论文型完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过论据论证，最后作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。解答这类题要遵循下列原则：1.对于纯议论文型的完形填空，在把握全文主旨的情况下，抓住每段的首句是非常重要的。有一项调查结果

15、表明：英语中有 60%-90%的议论文的主旨是文章的首句，抓住了文章的主旨也就“牵住了牛鼻子”，在理解文章也就不难了。2.理清文章的论点，论据和结论。与记叙文型完形填空相比，议论文型完形填空更难做一些。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的，我们只要把握事件的发生，发展过程就能将情景把握好。然而，议论文型完形填空就没有那么简单了。如果我们对论点.论据.结论都把握不清，只能莽撞地选择答案。一般来说，能说明论点的主要内容的答案可以在论据中得到印证，形成相辅相成的关系，从而使整篇文章的内容上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾，论点和论据相悖，最后的结论和论点相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握还欠调理性和系

16、统性，这时我们需要重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清晰为止，然后再依据自己对文章的各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。2.2.语法语法情态动词情态动词1、情态动词的基本用法(1)can.be able to 和 couldcan 和 be able to 都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但 can 只有现在和过去时，而 be ableto 则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用 could而用 was/were ableto 来表示。这时 was/were able to 相当于 managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。can 和 couldcan 和 could 都可以

17、表示能力.技能.许可.建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用 can。(2)may/mightmay/might 表示可能，但 may 比 might 可能性大。may/might 表示“允许”，may 用于现在时或将来时，might 常用在间接引语中表过去时，但 might 也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。may/might 表示建议或请求，但 might 比 may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。（3）mustmust 表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。must 表示肯定的推测。mustnt 表示禁止做某事。也可表示“偏

18、要，非要”（4）have tohave to 表示“必须.不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to 的否定形式表示不必。have to 可用于多种时态中。（5）should/ought toshould 和 ought to 表示应当.应该，前者比后者语气轻。should/ought to work hard.should/ought to 的否定形式表示禁止之意。should 可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to 可以表示劝告之意。（6）will/wouldwill 用于各种人称表示“意志”.“意愿”

19、或“决心”等，否定式 wont+动词。如：will 用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：will 表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”.“惯于”的含义。如：would 表示客气的请求.建议或意愿。如：would 表示过去反复发生的动作。（常用于完形填空中）.（7）needneed 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带 to，其变化与一般动词相同。（8）daredare 表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare 若作实义动词，后面可带 to 的不定式，此时 to 也可以省略。dare 与 need 的

20、用法相似。（9）used toused to 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。（10）shallshall 作为情态动词用于第二.三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”.“警告.威胁.强制”和“允许”等意思。在疑问句中，shall 用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一.第三人称。2.情态动词表示推测或判断的用法下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：例如：It must have rained last night.情态动词must对现在和未来的推测must+动词原形对过去的推测must have doneMay/might have doneCan/could hav

21、e done使 用 场 合肯定句肯定句.否定句否定句.疑问名（couldcan/couldcan/could do用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be可用于肯定句）肯定句.否定句.疑问句may/mightmay/might+动词原形shouldshould have doneShe may not be at home.=It is possible that she is not at home.She cant be at home.=It is impossible that she is at home.They should be there rightn

22、ow.3.情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法情态动词用于虚拟语气中表示责备的感情色彩，用法如下：（1）should have done 表示“本来应该做某事而实际上未做”，而 shouldnt have done 则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.（2）ought to have done 也表示“本应该”而 ought not to have done 则意为“本不应该”。如：You ought to have

23、told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to yourparents.（3）neednt have done表示“本无必要做某事而实际上做了”。如：You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.（4）could have done 表示“本来有可能而事实上未做到”。如：I could have come on time,but my car broke on the way.四四.要点讲练要点讲练【要点【要点 1 1】议论文的完形填空：】议论文

24、的完形填空：【例题例题 1 1】（2015 安徽卷）In our modern world,when something wears out,we throw it away and buy a new one.The36 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 37 because people are throwingout more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society?First of all,it is now easier

25、 to 39 an object than tospend time and money to repair it.40 modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology,companiesare able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and 41.Another cause is our42 of disposable(一次性的)products.As 43 people,we are alwayslooking for 44 to save time

26、and make our lives easier.Companies 45 thousands of different kindsof disposable products:paper plates,plastic cups,and cameras,to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46 to the problem.We are 47 buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 48 is better and that we will be happier with

27、 the latest products.The result is that we 49 useful possessions to make room for new ones.All around the world,we can see the 50 of this throwaway lifestyle.Mountains of rubbishjust keep getting bigger.To 51 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 52,more governments arerequiring people to recycle

28、 materials.53,this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.Maybe there is another way out.We need to repair our possessions 54 throwing them away.We also need to rethink our attitudes about 55.Repairing our possessions and changing ourspending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish

29、 and take care of ourenvironment.36.A.key37.A.gifts38.A.face39.A.hideB.reasonB.rubbishB.becomeB.controlB.As toB.funnyB.lackB.kindB.placesC.projectC.debtC.observeD.problemD.productsD.changeD.withdrawD.Regardless ofC.replace40.A.Thanks to41.A.safe42.A.loveC.Except forC.cheapD.powerfulD.divisionD.busyD

30、.friendsD.preserveD.contributesC.preventionC.brave43.A.sensitive44.A.waysC.jobsC.produce45.A.donateB.receive46.A.adaptsB.returnsC.responds47.A.tired ofB.addicted toC.worried aboutD.ashamed forD.largerD.throw awayD.consequences48.A.newerB.stronger49.A.pick upB.pay forC.higherC.hold onto50.A.advantage

31、s B.purposesC.functions51.A.showB.recordC.decreaseD.measureD.brandsD.MeanwhileD.instead ofD.advertising52.A.technology B.environment53.A.HoweverB.Otherwise54.A.byB.in favour ofC.consumersC.ThereforeC.after55.A.spendingB.collecting答案与解析：36.【答案】DC.repairing【解析】考查名词辨析。后面因为人们较之前扔掉更多垃圾所以会带来问题problem，且第四段

32、开头我们对新产品的嗜好也导致了这一问题可知。文中其他地方也多次出现problem 这一单词。37.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析和对上下文的理解。根据后面rubbish 可知。38.【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。我们为什么会变成这样一个社会。选become；face 面对。observe观察，遵守，庆祝；change 改变39.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。由第四段开头买新产品。因此选 replace 代替物品比花时间和金钱去修理更容易。40.【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。Thanks to 由于，表示原因。因为现代制造业和科技，公司能够更快更便宜地生产产品。as to 对于；Excep

33、t for 除了；Regardless of 不管41.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词的辨析和对上下文理解。由40 题解析 inexpensively可知选 cheap。safe安全；funny 搞笑；powerful 强大的，有力的42.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意另一个原因是我们对一次性产品的热爱。选love。lack 缺乏；prevention 阻止；division 部门43.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。作为忙碌的人，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使生活更容易的方式。sensitive 敏感的；kind 善良的；brave 勇敢的44.【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。作为忙碌的人

34、，我们总是在寻找节省时间和使生活更容易的方式。选 ways。places 地方；jobs 工作；friends 朋友45.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。由上一段companies are able to produce products quickly andinexpensively 可知选 produce。donate 捐献；receive 收到；preserve 保存46.【答案】D【解析】考查词组搭配。contribute to the problem带来或导致这个问题。adapt to 适应；returnto 返回；respond to 反应47.【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析 b

35、e addicted to 对上瘾；Tired of 厌倦；worried about 担心；ashamedfor 为羞愧48.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意广告使得我们相信更新的产品更好。49.【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。结果是我们扔掉有用的物品为新物品让出空间。第二段开头有throwaway society。下一段有 this throwaway society。pick up 捡起，无意中学会等含义。payfor 支付；hold onto 坚持50.【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。consequence 结果相当于上一段最后一句中的result。advantages 优势

36、；purposes 目的；functions 功能51.【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意为了减少垃圾的数量。show 展示；record 记录；measure 测量52.【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意to protect the environment 保护环境。technologyconsumers 消费者；brands 品牌53.【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。句意政府要求人们循环利用，然而这是不够的。选 however。Otherwise否则；Therefore 因此；Meanwhile 与此同时54.【答案】D科 技；【解析】考查介词辨析。句意我们需要去修理我们的物品而不是扔

37、掉它们。选instead of 替代。in favour of 支持55.【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A 花费，度过；B 收集；C 修理；D 宣传。我们也需要重新思考我们的花费态度。上一句说到修理repair，因为also也，不能再选repair。我们不可能广告advertise也不可能是收集 collect。文章是扔掉垃圾，而不是收集垃圾。最后一句说到修理物品和改变花费习惯。【例题例题 2 2】（2015 浙江卷）Since finishing my studies at Harvard and Oxford,Ive watched one friend after anotherlan

38、d high-ranking,high-paying Wall Street jobs As executives(高级管理人员）with banks,consulting firms,established law firms,and major corporations,many are now 21 on their wayto impressive careers By societys 22，they seem to have it made On the surface,these people seem to be very lucky in life As they left

39、student life behind,many had a 23 drink at their cheap but friendly local bar,shook hands with longtime roommates,and 24 out of small apartments into high buildingsThey made reservations at restaurants wherethe cost of a bottle of wine 25 a college years monthly rent They replaced their beloved oldc

40、ars with expensive new sports cars The thing is,a number of them have 26 that despite their success,they arenthappy Some 27 of unfriendly coworkers and feel sad for eight-hour workweeks devoted totasks they 28 Some do not respect the companies they work for and talk of feeling tiredand 29 However,in

41、stead of devoting themselves to their work,they find themselves workingto support the 30 to which they have so quickly become 31 People often speak of trying a mow satisfying path,and 32 in the end the idea leaving theirjobs lo work for something they 33 or finding a position that would give them mo

42、re time withtheir families almost always leads them to the same conclusion：its 34 They have loans,bills,a mortgage(抵押贷款）to 35,retirement to save for They recognize theres something 36 intheir lives,hut its 37 to step off the track In a society that tends to 38everything in terms of dollars and cents

43、,we learn from ayoung age to consider the costs of our 39 in financial terms But what about the personal andsocial costs 40 in pursuing money over meaning?These are exactly the kinds of costs many of ustend to ignore and the very ones we need to consider most21.A.muchB.neverB.standardsB.leastB.moved

44、B.paidC.seldomD.wellD.regulationsD.bestD.lookedD.collectedD.demandedD.approveD.neglectD.emptyD.projectD.availableD.ratherD.believe inD.unforgettableD.pay offD.shiningD.normalD.deliverD.decisionsD.reduced22.A.policies23.A.lastC.experimentsC.secondC.slid24.A.cycled25.A.shared26.A.advertised27.A.compla

45、in28.A.distribute29.A.calmC.equaledC.admittedC.hearB.witnessedB.dreamB.hateC.applaudC.warmC.lifestyleC.uniqueC.insteadC.give upB.guilty30.A.familyB.governmentB.appointedB.also31.A.accustomed32.A.yet33.A.let outB.turn inB.practicalB.drop offB.inspiringB.hard34.A.fundamental35.A.take off36.A.missing37

46、.A.harmful38.A.measure39.A.disastersC.impossibleC.put offC.sinkingC.usefulC.digestB.sufferB.motivationsC.campaignsC.covered40.A.assessed B.involved答案与解析：答案与解析：21.【答案】D【解析】考查副词。根据句意可知，很多人已经拥有令人印象深刻的职业。这里well 译为顺利的。22.【答案】B【解析】考查名词。根据句意可知，根据社会的标准，他们已经成功了。B，standard 标准。Policy政策；experiment，实验；Regulation

47、，规定。所以选择 B。23.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。根据句意可知，当他们道别学生生活时，他们会去常去的便宜但友好的酒吧喝最后一杯酒。24.【答案】B【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，然后他们会从小公寓搬进高楼大厦。B，搬家，移动；A，作动词时，意思是循环，骑自行车；C，slide，滑动。25.【答案】C【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，他们在一杯酒的价格等于大学一学年月租的费用饭店预约消费equal 等于，相当。26.【答案】C【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，问题是，他们中的一些人已经承认，尽管他们成功，但是他们并不快乐。A，做广告；B 目击；C，承认；D，要求。27.【答案】A【解析】考查

48、动词。根据句意可知，一些人抱怨不友好的同事。A，抱怨；B，做梦；C，听到；D，赞成。28.【答案】B【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，而且他们对于每天工作八个小时，专心做他们讨厌的任务而伤心。A，分配；B，憎恨；C，欢呼；D，忽略。29.【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据句意可知，他们一些人并不尊重他们效力的公司，而且会谈起厌倦和空虚的感受。A，冷静的；B，有罪的；C，温暖的；D，空虚的。30.【答案】C【解析】考查名词。根据句意可知，他们发现他们工作是为了满足和支持他们很快就适应的一种生活方式。31.【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。根据 30 题可知应该选择 A，习惯于；B，任命；C,独

49、特的；D，可得到的。32.【答案】A【解析】考查副词。上下句有明显的语义转折，所以选择yet 然而。33.【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组。根据句意可知：最后，离开现在工作去为自己坚信的信念去努力或者去找一个可以给他们自己更多时间陪家人的岗位的想法到头来都只得到一个结论，那就是不可能。所以选择 D，坚信。A，省去，不考虑；B，交上，归还；C，放弃。34.【答案】C【解析】考查形容词。根据上题可知，答案选C。A，基础的；B，实际的；D，难忘的35.【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。根据句意可知，他们要偿还贷款，账单和抵押贷款。所以选择D 偿还。A，起飞，脱下；B，下降；C，推迟。36.【答案】A

50、【解析】考查形容词。根据句意可知，他们认识到在他们的生活中，他们失去了一些东西。所以选择 A,失去的，不见得；B，激励人心的；C，下沉的；D，闪耀的。37.【答案】B【解析】考查形容词。根据句意可知，但是很难去踏出这条人生轨道。38.【答案】A【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，在一个常用金钱衡量一切的社会。所以答案选 A，衡量，测量；B，遭受；C，消化；D，交付，发表。39.【答案】D【解析】考查名词。根据句意可知，我们从小就用金钱来考虑我们所做决定的金钱代价。A，灾难；B，动机；C，活动；D，决定。40.【答案】B【解析】考查动词。根据句意可知，但是，那些我们在追求金钱而非人生意义时，所涉及的