初中英语语法---形容词和副词含练习.pdf

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1、-专题复习-形容词和副词一 一、形容词的构成及其用法 用以修饰名词等表示人和事物的性质、特征的词叫形容词。它在句中可以充当定语、表语和宾语补足语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Eg.Those big moon cakes are delicious.(作表语)Eg.There are many beautiful flowers in the park.(作定语)1.修饰词尾为-body/-one;-thing 不定代词时，必须放在其后。Eg.Theres nothing wrong with my bike.Eg.Please give me something delicious to eat

2、.Eg.Anybody clever cant do such stupid things.2.表示长、宽、高、深或年龄的形容词的常用构造：数词+名词+形容词 12 years old/8meters long/3 meters wide/100 kilometers high/1.8meters tall Eg.Its a river 6 meters deep.Eg.Thats a road 300 kilometers long.Eg.The young man is 1.8 meters tall.3.系动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel之后要接形容词 Eg.T

3、he soup tastes nice.Eg.They all looked very happy after hearing the good news.4.ing 形容词和-ed 形容词的区别-ed 形容词通常用来形容人，而-ing 形容词通常用来形容事或物-如：disappointed/e*cited/interested/surprised/bored/amazed/rela*ed(*人)感到失望/兴奋/有趣/奇怪/厌烦/震惊/放松 disappointing/e*citing/interesting/surprising/boring/amazing/rela*ing*事令人失望的/

4、兴奋的/有趣的/奇怪的/厌烦的/震惊的/放松的 5.“the+局部形容词 表示“一类人 the young the old the rich the poor 二、副词的构成和用法。副词是用来说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，主要用来修饰动词、动词词组、形容词等。副词的构成形式主要有两大类：1.单词本身就是副词。例如：often,now,always,then,yesterday,today,much,very,a bit,so,here,there,等 2.大局部副词都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的，其构成方法见下表：大多数形容词 直接加-ly bad-badly;careful-c

5、arefully 以-y 结尾的形容词 变-y 为-i,再加 ly easy-easily;busy-busily 以 le 结尾的形容词 去掉-e,再加-y terrible-terribly;gentle-gently 以辅音+e 结尾的形容词 直接加-ly nice-nicely;safe-safely 以元音+e 结尾的形容词 去掉-e,再加-ly true-truly 注意：(1)形容词 good 的副词形式是 well-(2)high;fast;late;early 等形容词和副词同形 (3)有些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，如：friendly(友好的)；lovely(得

6、意的)；lively生动的；ugly丑陋的；lonely孤独的；寂寞的 3.enough(足够的；足够地)：当 enough 修饰名词时，要放在名词前面；而修饰形容词或副词时，则要放在其后。Eg:We have enough food to eat.Eg.The clothes are soft enough for you to wear.4.易混词辨析 1hard 和 hardly hard 作“艰辛的，坚硬的时是形容词；作“努力地，辛苦地是副词 hardly 意为“几乎不，只能作副词 eg.The diamond is very hard.The old man lived a hard

7、 life in the past.Mary works very hard,but his brother is very lazy and he hardly works.2alone 和 lonely alone 意为“单独地，单独地，作副词，强调客观事实 lonely 意为“寂寞的，孤独的作形容词，含有主观的感情色彩 eg.The old lady lives alone,but she never feels lonely.课堂练习：Task1:翻译短语。-1.忙碌的一天 2.回家晚 3.仔细地书写 4.一本有趣的书 5.非常喜欢 6.美丽的花 7.刚刚 8.立即 9.九个新学生 1

8、0.静静地坐着 11.起床早 12.度长假 13.快乐的女孩 14.大大的蓝色眼睛 Task2:用所给词的正确形式填空.1.Ken is _ in playing football,he thinks football is _.(interest)2.I feel very _ now,doing nothing at home is _.(bore)3.I feel _ at the _ news.(disappoint)4.We will make you _ by the _ hairstyle.(e*cite)5.You will be _ by reading this _ fil

9、m.(rela*)6.We all felt _ when we heard of the _ news.(surprise)7.I wont feelif I dont findanswers.(satisfy)Task3:单项选择。1.We are.Because his story is not.A.tired;old B.sleepy(欲睡的);interesting C.hungry;delicious D.happy;interesting 2.Its very.Please close the door and the windows.A.cold B.hot C.warm D.

10、e*pensive 3.Jack went to school.His parents were angry.A.late B.early C.well D.soon-4.The children are sleeping.Please walk.A.fast B.beautifully C.quiet D.quietly 5.Tomgoes to the zoo.The dogs there know him.A.soon B.often C.carefully D.kind 6.Its summer.Autumn is ing.A.very much B.just now C.tomorr

11、ow D.soon 7.This river is.A.500 meter long B.500 meters long C.500 long meters D.500 long meter 8.Is this a photo of your daughter?She looksin the pink dress!A.lovely B.quietly C.politely D.happily 9.The question isfor you to answer.A.enough easy B.enough easily C.easy enough D.easily enough 10.The

12、ice in the lake is about one meter.Its strong enough to skate on.A.long B.high C.thick D.wide 11.I haveto do today.A.anything important B.something important C.important nothing D.important something 12.Pass my glasses to me,Jack.Because I canread the words in the newspaper.-A.hardly B.really C.clea

13、rly D.nearly 13.The twins are together most of the time.So they never feel.A.lonely B.alone C.happily D.friendly 14.We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining.A.badly B.hardly C.strongly D.heavily 15.He looked at itagain.A.care B.carefulness C.careful D.carefully 课后练习：Task1:根据句意及所给

14、提示，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.The little girl is crying(sad).2.Simon is a good car salesman.He can sell cars very(good).3.Your math is not very good.You should study it(hard).4.Do you see thegirl over there?She can dance (beautiful).5.We saw many different birds in the park and we learn to tell people about

15、them(correct).Task2:选择形容词或副词划线局部，连词成句。1.The birds;nice/nicely;sing 2.soft/softly;she;the door;closed 3.speak;fluent/fluently;three languages;can;she 4.careful/carefully;write your report;please-5.Mr Zhang;in;working;busy/busily;the office;is Task3:单项选择。1.-Mr Smith,would you please speak a little mor

16、e?-Sorry!I thought you would follow me.A.slowly B.politely C.seriously D.clearly 2.-Your coffee smells.-Thank you.I made it by myself.Would you like to taste it?A.well B.sweet C.nicely D.bad 3.The shoes sell,because they arein quality.A.good;well B.good;good C.well;well D.well;good 4.He is aworker a

17、nd does everything.A.careful;careful B.carefully;carefully C.carefully;careful D.careful;carefully 5.Remember not to speakwhen we are in the reading room.A.fast B.slowly C.politely D.loudly 6.The Internet is very useful for us.We can find information.A.easy B.easily C.e*citedly D.angrily 7.It was ve

18、ryin the classroom,so the teacher had to walk.A.quiet;quietly B.quietly;quiet C.quiet;quiet D.quietly;quietly 8.The meat smells.Youd better throw it away.A.badly B.bad C.good D.well-9.We love to go to the country in spring as the flowers smell so.A.well B.nice C.wonderfully D.nicely 10.-Your father

19、doesnt look.Hes lookingat you.Whats wrong?-Ive broken his vase.A.happy;angry B.happily;angrily C.happy;angrily D.happily;angry 11.The young lady walked into the roomin order not to wake up the baby.A.quickly B.quietly C.slowly D.hurriedly 12.-Dont worry.My mother will look after your baby.-Thanks a

20、lot.A.careful enough B.enough careful C.enough careful D.carefully enough 专题复习-形容词和副词(二)三、形容词和副词比拟等级的构成：(重点)1.规则变化：1）一般在词尾加-er 或-est 如：long-longer-longest;fast-faster-fastest;high-higher-highest;strong-stronger-strongest 2)以字母 e 结尾的词，直接加-r 或者-st 如：wide-wider-widest;nice-nicer-nicest;large-larger-lar

21、gest 3)以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i,再加-er 或-est-如：happy-happier-happiest;easy-easier-easiest;busy-busier-busiest 4)以“辅-元-辅构造结尾的单词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er 或-est 如：hot-hotter-hottest wet-wetter-wettest 5)局部双音节词和所有的多音节词，在词前加 more 或 most 如：useful-more useful-most useful helpful-more helpful-most helpful beautiful-mor

22、e beautiful-most beautiful e*pensive-more e*pensive-most e*pensive difficult-more difficult-most difficult important-more important-most important 2.不规则变化：口诀：多好与一点点坏；相差很远加一老 many/much-more-most good/well-better-best little-less-least bad-worse-worst far-farther-farthest/far-further-furthest 注意：farth

23、er/farthest-表示实际距离，意为：“更远的/最远的 Eg.I cant walk any farther.further/furthest-表示抽象距离，意为：“更进一步/最深层次的 eg.further talk/munication old-older-oldest/old-older-oldest-older/oldest:表示年龄上的大小，而 elder/eldest 表示辈份上的大小 eg.He is five years older than me.eg.elder sister/brother 四、形容词和副词的等级用法：重难点 1.原级的用法：肯定句：A+谓语+as+

24、adj 原级+as+B 表示“A 与 B 一样 Eg.Mary is as tall as Lily.Eg.This room is as wide as that one.否认句：A+谓语+not+as/so+adj 原级+as+B 表示“A 不如 B Eg.Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.拓展：与比拟级进展转换：=Mary is shorter than Lily.=Lily is taller than Mary.2.比拟级的用法：两者之间进展比拟，than 是比拟级的标志 1A+谓语+比拟级+than+B 表示“A 比 B 更 Eg.This room i

25、s bigger than that one.2)Who/Which+谓语+比拟级，A or B?表示“A 或 B 哪个更 Eg.Who is more beautiful?Lily or Lucy?Eg.Which tastesbetter?apple or orange?3)+be+the+比拟级+of the two.Eg.Moli is the better of the two girls.-4)单音节词：比拟级+and+比拟级 表示“越来越 双音节词：more and more+adj/adv 原级 表示“越来越 Eg.Grandpa is getting older and ol

26、der.Eg.Sara is turning more and more beautiful.5)the+比拟级，the+比拟级 表示“越，越 eg.The more,the better.Eg.The happier he is,the healthier he will be.注意：比拟级前可以用 much;a little;far;even;a lot;any 等修饰，而 very;too;quite 等词不能修饰比拟级。3.最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比拟用最高级，表示“最，形容词最高级前面的“the绝对不可以省略，而副词最高级前的“the可以省略。1the+最高级+of/in,of

27、 后接数字，in 后接围 注意：此句型中 of 与 in 是要用最高级的标志 Eg.He is the tallest of the three/four/five/all.Eg.He is the tallest in his class.2)Who/Which+谓语+最高级，A or B or C?Eg.Who is the best?Susan,Linda or Mandy?3）+be+one of the+最高级+复数名词 表示“最之一 Eg.Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.4)the+序数词+最高级 表示“第几的

28、Eg.He is the second tallest student in his class.-Eg.She is the third youngest lady in the group.4.原级，比拟级和最高级之间的转换。1）原级和比拟级之间的转换 Eg.Mary is not as/so tall as Lily.=Mary is shorter than Lily.=Lily is taller than Mary.2)最高级和比拟级之间的转换 He is the tallest boy in his class.=He is taller than any other boy i

29、n his class.=He is taller than the other boys in his class.课堂练习：Task 1:写出以下形容词或副词的比拟级和最高级。shortnice heavy useful hot many little good well cold small big much busy bad old far beautiful-important carefully Task 2:用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。1.You should practice as(much)as you can.2.He is(young)than his two sis

30、ters.3.The patient is(well)than before.4.She is one of the(tall)girls in her class.5.An ocean is(large)than a sea.6.The market is(dirty)than the supermarket.7.Which do you like(well),English or Physics?8.Summer is the(hot)season of the year.9.Who is the(short),Lily,Ann or Molly?10.I think Tom is the

31、(good)of the three.Task 3:单项选择 1.Wele to our hotel.Itsin the city.A.good B.better C.best D.the best 2.Because of the Internet,we can get informationthan before.A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.more fast 3.The athlete is getting older and older and cannot jump asas he did before.A.high B.higher C.highest

32、D.much higher 4.He speaks Englishthan any other student in his class.-A.best B.good C.well D.better 5.Of all the apples in the basket,this one is.A.the reddest B.redder C.reddest D.the redder 6.My bike is asas Lucys.You can use either of them.A.as better as B.as good as C.as well as D.as best as 7.W

33、hich is the,the train station,the bus station or the airport?A.far B.farthest C.farther D.more far 8.January ismonth in Beijing,but it is different in Australia.A.cold B.colder C.coldest D.the coldest 9.The ice in the lake is asas it was before.A.thin B.thinner C.thinnest D.the thinnest 10.-Its wint

34、er now.The days are getting.-Yes.We have to start early.A.more and more long B.longer and longer C.more and more short D.shorter and shorter 11.Canada is the secondcountry in the world.A.large B.larger C.largest D.more larger 12.-Which isseason in Shenzhen?-Maybe it is summer.Its often too hot to go

35、 out.A.worst B.the worst C.best D.the best 13.He is the cleverest boythe three.A.at B.of C.from D.in -14.I hope to receive your letter asas possible.A.quick B.quickly C.high D.highly 15.In Shenzhen,it is hot in July,but its evenin August.A.hot B.hoter B.hotter D.hottest 课后练习：Task 1:写出以下形容词或副词的比拟级和最高

36、级。1.wonderful 2.tall 3.bad 4.little 5.few 6.good 7.many 8.well 9.much 10.easy Task 2:单项选择。1.I think this card isthan that one.A.nice B.nicer C.nicest D.the nicest 2.Zhang Ming ranfaster than the other boys in the sports meeting.A.so B.much C.very D.too 3.Sorry,I took your MP4 by mistake.Ill becarefu

37、l ne*t time.A.most B.more C.much D.many 4.In the e*am,the more careful you are,mistakes you will make.A.the fewer B.the fewest C.the less D.the least 5.I love Shenzhen because it is being.A.more and more beautiful B.beautiful and beautiful-C.clean and clean D.more and more clean 6.The film isone Ive

38、 ever seen.A.more e*citing B.e*citing C.the most e*citing D.most e*citing 7.Kelly thinks Chinese is much.A.more useful B.useful C.the most useful D.most useful 8.The dress looked asas that one.A.more beautiful B.beautiful C.the most beautiful D.beautifully 9.The bag is eventhan that one.A.cheap B.mo

39、re cheaper C.cheaper D.the cheapest 10.The weather is getting.A.more and more dry B.more drier C.drier and drier D.much more drier 11.The man lookshis brother.A.taller than B.as taller as C.as tallest as D.the tallest of 12.Tony isin math than Chinese.A.interested B.more interested C.interesting D.m

40、ore interesting 13.Jack is shorter thanin his class.-A.any student B.anybody C.other students D.the other students 14.An elephant is twice asas a horse.A.bigger B.biggest C.big D.more big 15.This ishotel in our hometown.A.good B.better C.the best D.best 16.The Yellow River is the secondriver in our country.A.longer B.longest C.the longest D.long