俯卧位通气-PPT课件.ppt
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1、俯俯 卧卧 位位 通通 气气概念俯卧位通气利用翻身床、翻身器或人工徒手操作,使患者在俯卧位(prone position,PP)进行机械通气。主要用于改善 ARDS 患者的氧合。历历 史史 1976年Piehl Crit Care Med Use of extreme position changes in acute respiratory failure 5例ARDS患者氧合显著改善2000年呼吸治疗进展在第五届多伦多重症监护医学研讨会上,Gattinoni 教授报告了在意大利和瑞士进行的一项多中心随机研究结果。304 例ARDS病人随机分2组,分别在仰卧位和俯卧位接受标准治疗。每天6小时
2、,共10天。结果表明,俯卧位可显著改善肺氧合,并有降低病死率的趋势,但未达到统计学意义。进一步分析显示,最重和气体交换最差的病人,得益最大。俯卧位病人的并发症如静脉插管和气管插管脱出等并不显著增加 美国危重病医学会第29届大会 俯卧位通气治疗ARDS患者低氧血症仍是热门话题,大约有5075的病人可以提高动脉氧分压和降低吸入氧浓度。问题是俯卧位通气的时机,无论低氧血症的严重程度如何都应当早使用。一、俯卧位通气对气体交换的影响 关于氧合问题在ARDS早期病人中,通过俯卧位通气可改善氧的气体交换者占50%-70%(64%-78%),其中有些病人在变换回仰卧位后仍能继续维持较好的气体交换一段长时间,允
3、许医生减低吸入氧浓度和PEEP水平。最近的实验还提示,采用俯卧位通气显著改善氧合的一些病人可以凭俯卧位而保护其肺免受损伤,而这种损伤在仰卧位时以同样的方式通气是可以诱发的。Pelosi 16例急性肺损伤(acut lung injury,ALI)病人行俯位通气后,PaO2值从仰卧位(supine position,SP)时的103.223.8mmHg增至129.332.9mmHg(p0.05)。The prone position during general anesthesia minimally affects The prone position during general anes
4、thesia minimally affects respiratory mechanics with improving functional residual capacity respiratory mechanics with improving functional residual capacity and increasing oxygen tension.and increasing oxygen tension.Anesth Analg Anesth Analg,19951995,80:95596080:955960 Chatte 32例行通气支持的急性呼吸衰竭病人,测得在S
5、P、转俯位1h、4h及复转为SP 1h时的PaO2/FiO2值分别为10328、15862、15959和12852(p0.01)。Prone position in mechanically ventilated patients with Prone position in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory failure.severe acute respiratory failure.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1997,155:473478Am J Respir Crit
6、 Care Med,1997,155:473478 Pelosi 在几组择期手术的全麻病人中也发现转为PP后血氧分压明显上升 The prone position during general anesthesia minimally affects respiratory The prone position during general anesthesia minimally affects respiratory mechanics with improving functional residual capacity and increasing oxygen mechanics w
7、ith improving functional residual capacity and increasing oxygen tension.tension.Anesth Analg Anesth Analg,19951995,80:955960 80:955960 Prone positioning improves pulmonary function in obese patients during general Prone positioning improves pulmonary function in obese patients during general anesth
8、esia.anesthesia.Anesth Analg,1996,83:578583Anesth Analg,1996,83:578583 但应注意到:ARDS病人对俯卧位通气的反应不一,部分病人的PaO2无变化或甚至于下降。Pco2病人在充分镇静和肌松后行容量控制型通气,可有吸气压轻度增高,但每分通气量不受体位影响,PaCO2无明显变化。而采用压力控制型通气的病人,在改为俯卧位后PaCO2轻度升高,考虑为此时胸廓受压、呼吸阻力增大、每分通气量减少所致。二、俯卧位对呼吸力学的影响 Pelosi 在17例择期手术的全麻病人中发现转为俯卧位后对总顺应性及肺、胸廓顺应性无明显影响,但呼吸总阻力由4
9、.82.5cmH2OL-1S-1增至5.42.7cm H2OL-1S-1(p0.05),且主要是由于胸壁阻力增加(从1.30.6cm H2OL-1S-1至1.90.8cm H2OL-1S-1,p0.05)The prone position during general anesthesia minimally affects The prone position during general anesthesia minimally affects respiratory mechanics with improving functional residual capacity respir
10、atory mechanics with improving functional residual capacity and increasing oxygen tension.and increasing oxygen tension.Anesth Analg Anesth Analg,19951995,80:95596080:955960 Pelosi 对ALI病人改变体位后肺和总顺应性无明显变化,而胸廓顺应性显著下降(204.897.4ml/cmH2O到135.952.5ml/cmH2O,p0.01),在恢复仰位30min后胸廓顺应性回至基线值,肺和总顺应性则增加(p0.01)。Eff
11、ects of the prone position on respiratory mechanics and gas Effects of the prone position on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange during acute lung injury.exchange during acute lung injury.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1998,157:387393 Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1998,157:387393 气道峰压 Chatte:在PP时无明显变化 Pro
12、ne position in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory Prone position in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory failure.failure.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1997,155:473478 Am J Respir Crit Care Med,1997,155:473478 Papazian:轻度增加(从316cmH2O到338cmH2O,p0.02),但
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