2021届高考英语二轮复习模块2语篇能力专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断题ppt课件人教版.pptx

《2021届高考英语二轮复习模块2语篇能力专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断题ppt课件人教版.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2021届高考英语二轮复习模块2语篇能力专题1阅读理解第2讲推理判断题ppt课件人教版.pptx（51页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、模 块 二语语 篇篇 能能 力力专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解第第2讲推理判断推理判断题1 高频考点研析透研析透2 模拟精练巧押题巧押题高频考点研析透研析透考点1细节推断题细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：1It can be inferred/concluded

2、 from the text that .2What can we infer/learn from.?3We can learn from the passage that .4The passage/story.indicates/suggests/implies that .第一步：定位关键细节根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，即推理的依据；第二步：正确理解推断对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语境，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。【特别提醒】(1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为

3、推理的结论。(2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。(2020全国卷C)Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion.Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Ander

4、son admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.31What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?AIts formal.BIts

5、 risky.CIts harmful.DIts traditional.【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据题干中的特定信息wearing fur in New York，可定位本段“Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing，at least in New York.”。根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故

6、选B。(2019全国卷B)Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president.The answer broke his heart.Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public.

7、He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to .Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their future jobsDinspire students love for politics【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的特定信息the purpose of

8、 Whaleys project我们可以定位到文中的“Whaley says the project.to boast about themselves.”可知，Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，他还希望学生学会自夸。A项意为“帮助学生看到自己的长处”，与原文意思相符。考点2观点态度所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩

9、的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：1Whats the writers attitude towards.?2What is the authors opinion on.?3What does the author think/feel about.?1文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切忌用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围及表达情感、态度或观点的

10、词语或句子。(3)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。2要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：(1)表示支持或肯定的词语 favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支 持 的；approval赞 成，正 式 批 准；reasonable合 理 的；enthusiastic热情的，等。(2)表示反对或否定的词语critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejud

11、iced有成见的，偏颇的，等。(3)表示中立、客观的态度objective 客观的；neutral 中立的；indifferent 漠然的。(2020全国卷C)Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does，however，have its own problem.31Which word best describes the authors attitude to race walking

12、?ASkeptical.BObjective.CTolerant.DConservative.【答案】B【解析】观点态度题。根据本段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running，research shows，while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does，however，have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。(2019北

13、京，C)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they dont know.By next year，half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈)We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools，apps and approaches

14、 intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these“solutions”(解决方案)become widely available，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future，its not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you

15、 will also question whether the voice youre hearing is actually real.38How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?APanicked.BConfused.CEmbarrassed.DDisappointed.【答案】D【解析】观点态度题。根据本段中的“Unfortunately，its too little，too late.By the time these solutions(解决方案)become widely av

16、ailable，scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段。由此可推知，作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望。故D项正确。考点3写作意图题考查作者的写作目的或意图，也是考查考生对语篇的深层次理解的能力。设问形式常有：1整篇文章的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .(2)The purpose of the text is to .(3)What is the main purpose

17、 of the passage?(4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us that .2某处细节的写作目的/意图：(1)The writer uses.in the first paragraph to .(2)The writer uses the example of.to .(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .通常可依据文体特点来推断作者写作意图：1记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。2应用文：文章常

18、对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言。3说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。4议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。(2019天津，D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functionin

19、g，and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote(堂吉诃德)And the story poses an interesting question：why

20、 do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before?Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark.Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We cant all get there.Im talking about people who ha

21、ve stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose o

22、ur sense of wonder.But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going

23、 to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little

24、egos(自我)，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视等同于)“commitment”with such“caring”occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellencewhether th

25、ey are driving a truck，or running a storemake the world better just by being the kind of people they are.Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.【语篇导读】本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，就可能取得成功。51The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that .Aloss of freedom stimulates one

26、s creativityBage is not a barrier to achieving ones goalCmisery inspires a man to fight against his fateDdisability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第一、二段内容可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。52What does the underlin

27、ed part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?AEnd ones struggle for liberty.BWaste ones energy taking risks.CMiss the opportunity to succeed.DLose the interest to continue learning.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，人们在还没到达人生的终点之前就失去了继续学习的兴趣。故选D项。53What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?AThose who dare to try

28、 often get themselves trapped.BThose who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.COpportunity favors those with a curious mind.DOpportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。据此可推知，机会青睐有求知欲的人。54What does the author

29、intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?AA tough man can tolerate suffering.BA wise man can live without self-pity.CA man should try to satisfy people around him.DA man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，而这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们

30、会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活。因此选D。55What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.BTo stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.CTo state the importance of generating motivation for learning.DTo suggest a way of pursu

31、ing excellence in our lifelong career.【答案】A【解析】写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。考点4语篇出处或读者对象题所有话题语篇都可能涉及语篇出处、类别或读者对象题。设问形式常有：(1)This passage would probably/most likely be found in .(2)The passage is probably taken from/out of .(3)The passage is probably intended for .1利用内容判断文章出处(1)文章前面有日期、地

32、点或通讯社名称：newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品：advertisement(3)文章中有click here，download，upload，link，mouse，surf等网络标志语等网络用语：website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍：travel guide(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍：magazine/journal/entertainment section(6)科普知识：science report(7)文化教育类文章：education section2利用内容判断文章类别(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advert

33、isement(3)活动介绍：notice/announcement(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science report/study report3确定读者对象先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节内容判断读者对象。(2019全国，D)Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and

34、selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward.Heres how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone，who led the team，described the experiment：In their cages the monkeys were provided

35、with touch screens.On one part of the screen，a symbol would appear，and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown.For example，the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8.If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarde

36、d with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this example.After running hundreds of tests，the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time，indicating that they were performing a c

37、alculation，not just memorizing the value of each combination.When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely，they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估)a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in valuesometimes choosing，for example，a 13 over the sum

38、 of 8 and 6.The underestimation was systematic：When adding two numbers，the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two，and then added only a fraction(小部分)of the smaller number to it.“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，”Dr Livingstone says.“B

39、ut in this experiment what theyre doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。哈佛医学院科学家Margaret Livingstone带领他的团队通过反复实验得出结论：猴子能算算术，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。32What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?AThey fed them.BThey named them.CThey trained th

40、em.DThey measured them.【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段首句“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 025 drops of water or juice as a reward.”可知答案为C。33How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?ABy dra

41、wing a circle.BBy touching a screen.CBy watching videos.DBy mixing two drinks.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段末句“If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice；if they went for the circle，they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers17 in this e

42、xample.”可知答案为B。34What did Livingstones team find about the monkeys?AThey could perform basic addition.BThey could understand simple words.CThey could memorize numbers easily.DThey could hold their attention for long.【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段可知，研究人员在进行了数百次测试后发现，猴子多半时候会选择更高的值，这表明它们是在进行计算，而不仅仅是记忆每个组合的值。故选A。35In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?AEntertainment.BHealth.CEducation.DScience.【答案】D【解析】文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述了科学家们通过科学实验得出猴子能够算算术的结论。由此可知，该文章可能出现在报纸的科学版上。故选D。