【通用版】中考英语总复习:句子种类ppt-专项超详细讲解课件.ppt
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1、句子种类句子种类1234陈述句述句 疑疑问句句?祈使句祈使句 感感叹句句!句子种类句子种类 陈述句是用来说明一个事实或是陈述说话人的看法的句子,分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。陈述句的肯定形式 eg:Light travels faster than sound.陈述句陈述句陈述句的否定形式 谓语动词为助动词be,have或者情态动词等,否定形式是在助动词或情态动词后加not.eg:She is not back yet.Money could not buy happiness.如果句子的谓语是行为动词,则在谓语动词前加do,does,did 构成否定式。否定 疑问 无词汇意义 eg:Jack
2、doesnt like English.用no,never,seldom,hardly,nobody等否定词也可以构成否定式。eg:1.I have never met Jim.2.Kent has a heavy Russian accent,and I can hardly understand his English.疑问句疑问句 1.一般疑问句 一般疑问句用来询问某件事情或某一情况是否属实,用yes,no或相当于yes,no的词语来回答。eg:A:Are you Chinese?B:No,Im not.A:Do you have any questions?B:Yes,I do.A:H
3、ave you read the book before?B:Yes,I have.一般疑问句也可以用否定形式开头提出疑问,结构为“缩略否定形式+主语+其他”。eg:Cant you see theres a queue?用否定形式开头提问,或是期待肯定的回答,或是不打算对方回答。如果回答是肯定的要用Yes,译成“不”;否则用No,译成“是的”。eg:A:Doesnt he want to come?难道他不想来吗?B:Yes,he does.不,他想。A:Arent you of the Han nationality?你不是汉族吗?B:No,I am not.是的,我不是汉族。2.特殊疑问
4、句特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词(组)引导的的疑问句。回答时不能使用yes或no。疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和疑问词组。疑问语序 谓语+主语 陈述 主语+谓语 疑问代词:what,who,which,whose,whom.eg:What would you like to do?Which class are you in?Whom/Who is she waiting for?who 主语/宾语 She is waiting for you.whom 宾语 whose 定语 疑问词组:how soon,how long,how far,how often等。eg:1.How often do yo
5、u have an English Party?2.How far do you live from your school?疑问副词:when,where,why,how.eg:When will the meeting end?3.选择疑问句选择疑问句提出两种或者两种以上的情况,要求对方选择一种情况回答。一般用or连接。一般选择疑问句 eg:Did you stay at home or go away?Which do you prefer,horse riding or shooting?回答的时候一般在供选择的答案中选出一个来回答,不用yes,no。反意疑问句反意疑问句 反意疑问句是
6、附在陈述句之后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点 提出疑问的句子。1.基本形式基本形式:前肯后否,而且用缩略式;前否后肯,反意疑问部分主要用代词,并与前句主语一致,谓语动词在人称、数和时态也要一致。eg:He goes to work on foot,doesnt he?2.反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定反意疑问部分主语及谓语的确定(注意)(注意)当陈述部分的主语为this,that(单数)等时,附加部分的主语应用it。these,those(复数)用they。eg:This is a green jeep,isnt it?前肯后否 Those arent banana trees,are they?前
7、否 后肯 当陈述部分是I am的形式时,附加部分应用arent I。eg:I am right,arent I?前肯后否 arent 当陈述部分是“There be”结构时,反意疑问句用“be there”。eg:There was an English film yesterday evening,wasnt there?前肯后否当陈述部分含有never,seldom,no,few,little,nothing,nobody,hardly,none,tooto等表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句部分应用肯定形式。eg:He seldom goes to the cinema,does he?前
8、否后肯 He has few friends,has/does he?他几乎没有朋友,是吗?前否后肯 陈述部分含有表示否定意义的由前缀或者后缀构成的词,疑问部分一般用否定形式。eg:She dislikes the idea,doesnt she?前肯后否 Its unfair,isnt it?前肯后否 主语是不定代词的反意疑问句。当陈述部分的主语为everything,nothing,anything,something等指事物的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it,而不用they。eg:Everything is in good order,isnt it?当陈述部分的主语为everybody
9、,everyone,anyone,nobody,none,no one等指认的不定代词,疑问部分的主语通常用they或he来代替。eg:Somebody wants to see you,doesnt he/dont they?当陈述部分动词为have/has时有下列几种情况。have作实义动词,表示“有”,后面的谓语可以用 have,也可以用助动词do。eg:Jim has a new radio,doesnt/hasnt he?前肯后否 have作实义动词,表示“吃喝玩乐度过”等意思,后面的谓语用助动词do。eg:All of the children had a nice time,di
10、dnt they?have to 表示“不得不,必须”,其后的谓语动词用do。eg:Kate has to help his father on the farm,doesnt she?dont have to?否定 had better 表示最好,其后的谓语用had。eg:Wed better stay at home today,hadnt we?have 用在完成时中,其后谓语用have。eg:She has ever been to Japan,hasnt she?I have ever been to Japan,havent I?前肯后否 I am right,arent I?ha
11、ve/has+过去分词 had+过去分词 当陈述部分含有need时,如果need作为行为动词,则附加问句的动词用助动词do,如果是情态动词时,则附加问句的动词应该是用need。eg:1.You dont need to work so late,do you?前否 后肯 2.You neednt make such loud noise,need you?情态 neednt 实意 dont need 当陈述部分含有情态动词must时。must表示“必须”之意,附加问句的谓语用neednt。eg:You must go back right now,neednt you?must 必须 must
12、nt 禁止Must I Yes,you must.No,you neednt.must 表示推测,“一定,想必”之意,附加问句的谓语动词应根据must后面的动词来确定。eg:He must be in the classroom,isnt he?It must rain today,doesnt it?前肯 后否 You must have finished your homework,havent you?肯定的祈使句的附加疑问句可以用will you,也可以用wont you;否定的祈使句的附加疑问句用will you.eg:Come to school early next time,w
13、ill you/wont you?Dont shout at your brother,will you?省略 主 you +动原以Lets 开头的祈使句,附加句应用shall we;而已Let us开头的祈使句,附加句应该用will you。eg:Lets go,shall we?意见 建议 Let us go now,will you?请求所有祈使句 will you.除 Lets 以外。shall we?(12)陈述部分若为主从复合句,反义疑问部分的主语、谓语通常与主句保持一致。复合句eg:She said(that)she would come tomorrow,didnt she?若
14、主句的主语是第一人称I/we,其谓语动词又是think,believe,suppose,imagine等时,则翻译疑问部分的主谓和谓语一般应与从句一致。eg:I think(that)he can finish the work by himself,cant he?We dont believe(that)she says no,does she?宾语从句 否定转移 我们不相信 我们相信 不 祈使句 祈使句是用来表示请求、命名、要求、建议、劝告等的一种特殊句式。1.肯定的祈使句:动词原形+其他成分 以系动词be开头的祈使句,常用结构:be+形容词/名词+其他成分。主系be 表 eg:Be c
15、areful next time.以实义动词开头的祈使句。eg:Stand up,please.有时候为了加强语气,在动词前面加do。eg:Do come on time!Do look out!如果是以let开头的祈使句,通常的结构为:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。eg:Let him go with you.Let me examine you.Lets have our dinner.在请求、命令和口号中,常用无助动词祈使句,使语句更加简洁有力。eg:Just a minutes,please!To the playground,everyone of you!2.否定的祈使句 Do
16、nt+动词原形。eg:Dont be late.Lets+not+动词原形。eg:Lets not say anything about it.Dont let+第三人称代词宾格形式+动词原形或 Let+第三人称代词宾格形式+not+动词原形。eg:Dont let them play with fire.Let us not forget it.一般都是在前面加Dont 除了lets 以外 在后加not.在公开场合的提示语中,祈使句的否定句常用“No+名词/动名词”表示“禁止做某事”。eg:No photos No smoking No parking 感叹句用how或what引导,所修饰的
17、词放在其后,其他部分用陈述句语序。句末使用感叹号。1.what引导的感叹句 what作定语修饰名词,名词前可有其他修饰语。What+a/an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg:What a new watch(it is)!What a clever boy(he is)!What an interesting story!What+形容词+可数名词的复数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg:What beautiful flowers(they are)!What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!eg:What important news it is!2.how引导的感叹句 ho
18、w做状语修饰形容词、副词、或动词。How+形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数形式(+主语+谓语)!eg:How heavy a box they are carrying!这个箱子多重啊!What a heavy box it is!多重的箱子啊!What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+(主谓)!How+形容词或副词(+主语+谓语)!eg:How tall the girl is!How hard she works!How+主语+谓语!eg:How time flies!How she wishes to go abroad!Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your
19、 Dream Work Harder Goodbye 一致主谓主谓一致三原则Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 一、语法一致原则二、意义一致原则三、就近一致原则壹语法一致原则Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语也用单数;主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。eg:His father is a doctor.They are students.We love our m
20、otherland.Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 由and或bothand.连接的并列主语 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数,若指同一个人或物,则谓语动词用单数。eg:Both Lucy and Lily are students.A worker and writer is going to gave us a talk.一个工人兼作家 知识要点Hi!My Sweet Dream Just Fulfill your Dream Work Harder Goodbye 用o
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