牛津高中英语模块UnitGrammarandusage.pptx

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1、Grammar and usage第1页/共55页This lesson is boring.There are sleeping students in class.（表语）（定语）第2页/共55页Functions as an adjective:V-ing形式可以同形容词一样置于名词 之前修饰名词。有时V-ing形式也可用副词修饰。V-ing 形式亦可以同定语从句一样置于 名词之后修饰名词，可以转化成定语从 句。V-ing 形式可以用作表语或宾语的补形式可以用作表语或宾语的补 语。语。第3页/共55页4.The man who is running in the picture is L

2、iu Xiang.2.The man running inthe picture is Liu Xiang.1.a running man3.The man running fastest got the first place.Attribute:第4页/共55页小 结:V-ing形式作定语可表示动作正在进行（如例1、2）或表示和所修饰词之间有逻辑主动关系（如例3）。第5页/共55页 单个V-ing词作定语修饰名词一般置于名词之前（如例1）；V-ing词组修饰名词则置于名词之后（如例2、3），此时相当于一个定语从句（如例4）。第6页/共55页Rewrite the following sen

3、tences with attributive clauses.The teacher teaching us English is Ms Zhou.=The teacher who is teaching us English is Ms Zhou.第7页/共55页The people sitting behind us are all teachers.The expert coming from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.=The people who are sitting behind us are all teachers.=The expert

4、 who comes from Lishui is a lady called Ms Cai.第8页/共55页Translate the following phrases.a reading rooma washing machinean exciting eveningan interesting crosstalk阅览室洗衣机激动人心的夜晚有趣的相声第9页/共55页a sleeping cara smoking room listening practice an opening speecha booking officerunning water卧铺车吸烟室听力练习开幕词售票处自来水

5、第10页/共55页 I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.Object Complement:The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.We have the fire burning all day.第11页/共55页V-ing形式作宾语补足语置于宾语之后，表示一个正在进行的动作（如例1、2、3），或强调一个过程或一种状态。（如例4）小 结：

6、第12页/共55页V-ing形式作宾语补足语时，往往同宾语存在逻辑主动关系。第13页/共55页V-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词：make,let,have,keep,leave,see,watch,hear,notice,find,feel 等。第14页/共55页1.Sixty million people _(live)in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.2.The bottle _(contain)the poison was sent to the laboratory.Practicelivingcontaining

7、Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.第15页/共55页3.The man _(sit)on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.4.The children _(play)the violin over there will give a performance next week.5.Our trip was _(disappoint).We did not find any unusual plants.sittingplayingdisappoi

8、nting第16页/共55页6.I saw them _(force)the door open with a hammer.7.We heard them _(quarrel)about money after the concert;they looked very angry.8.I heard him _(drop)lots of coins into the collecting tin.forcingquarrelingdropping第17页/共55页9.You can see them _(perform)every night this week at the New The

9、atre.10.The news was _(shock).All the three boats had sunk in the storm.performingshocking第18页/共55页Function as an adverb:常用于 stand,sit,lie 等动词之后表 示伴随的状态。V-ing词组可以在句中充当时间、原 因、结果、条件等状语。第19页/共55页1.作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.=When they heard the bad news,they c

10、ouldnt help crying.当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。第20页/共55页Having received his letter,I decided to write back.=After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。2.作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.第21页/共55页=Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.因为太生气

11、了，他不能入睡。Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.=Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。第22页/共55页3.作条件状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：Working hard,you will succeed.=If you work hard,you will succeed.如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。Being given more att

12、ention,the trees could have grown better.第23页/共55页=If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。4.作让步状语 -ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if,though 连用。如：第24页/共55页Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father wo

13、rked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。第25页/共55页 5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.=They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.他们又唱又笑地走进教室。第26页/共55页When working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.=When he work

14、ed in the factory,he was an advanced worker.注意：1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连引导的一个从句。如：第27页/共55页Though willing to attend the party,he refused the invitation.=Though he was willing to attend the party,he refused the invitation.While staying in Beijing,he came to see me twice.=While

15、he was staying in Beijing,he came to see me twice.第28页/共55页If playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.=If you play all day,you will waste your valuable time.Though raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.=Though it was raining heavily,it cleared up very soon.第29页/共55页2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主

16、语与主句的主语保持一致。如：He traveled on the plane like this,keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.=When he traveled on the plane like this,he kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.第30页/共55页小 结:V-ing有其完成式having done,表示分 词动作发生于主句动作之前。表示时间状语时常同连词when,whenever,while,once,until等连用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语同主句的主 语一致且有逻辑主动关系，往

17、往可转换 为相应的状语从句。V-ing形式的否定not要置于V-ing之前。第31页/共55页1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.Choose the correct sentence.第32页/共55页3.a.Looking out through the window,t

18、he garden was beautiful.b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.第33页/共55页5.a.Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.b.It being fine,we will have t

19、he sports meeting next week.-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。如：He sat there,not knowing what to say.第34页/共55页1.Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus _ the delay.A.to cause B.causing C.caused D.cause2.One by one Peter sold his bits and pieces,_ only a mite of their worth.A.getting B.got C.to get D.getExercis

20、es第35页/共55页3.After seeing the movie,_.A.the book was read by him B.the book made him want to read it C.he wanted to read the book D.the reading of the book interested him第36页/共55页4.The next morning she found the man in bed,_ dead.A.lying B.lie C.lay D.laying5.There was terrible noise _ the sudden bu

21、rst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed第37页/共55页6.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing第38页/共55页7.“Cant you read?”Mary said_ to the notice.A.angrily pointing B.and point angrily C.a

22、ngrily pointed D.and angrily pointing第39页/共55页8.He worked day and night,_ his task ahead of time.A.finished B.finishing C.finish D.to finish9.I was in the bathroom,not _ the knock at the door.A.hear B.to hear C.hearing D.heard第40页/共55页10._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receivin

23、g not C.Not having received D.Having not received第41页/共55页11.What worried the boy most was _ to visit his father in the hospital.A.his not allowing B.his not being allowed C.having not been allowed D.his being not allowed第42页/共55页12.They apologized for _ to attend the meeting.A.their not being able

24、B.their being not able C.them not able D.them being able not第43页/共55页高考链接高考链接1.We all found his argument convincing and interesting.(P28)考点考点 V-ing形式作宾语补足语。形式作宾语补足语。考例考例 A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.（NMET 2003）A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked.第44页/共55页点拨点拨 选选

25、B。he 和和smoke是逻辑上的主是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用谓关系，所以用V-ing形式。该句中的形式。该句中的“he is found”是被动语态，还原成主动是被动语态，还原成主动语态应该是语态应该是“find him smoking”。第45页/共55页2.We are making bigger holes in the nets,hoping to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.(P30)考点考点 V-ing形式作原因状语。相当于一形式作原因状语。相当于一个由个由because 引导的原因状语从句。引导的原因状语从句。第46

26、页/共55页考例考例 We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.(2006全国卷全国卷III)A.thinking B.think C.to think D.thought点拨点拨 选选A。we 与与think 之间是逻辑上的主之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。句子相当于：谓关系。句子相当于：We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,because we

27、think that all children like these things.第47页/共55页3.He travelled on the plane like this,keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket.(P30)考点考点 当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主当分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。语必须与句子的主语保持一致。第48页/共55页考例考例 While watching television,_.（2005全国卷全国卷II）A the doorbell rang B the doorbell ringsC we hea

28、rd the doorbell ringD we heard the doorbell rings第49页/共55页点拨点拨 选选C。由前面分词结构。由前面分词结构While watching television可以看出：可以看出：watching television是由人发出的动作，其主语应是由人发出的动作，其主语应当是和主句的逻辑主语一致的，所以主当是和主句的逻辑主语一致的，所以主句的主语应该是人。句的主语应该是人。第50页/共55页4.He sat there,not knowing what to say.(P30)考点考点 非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动词的否定形式是在非谓语动

29、词前面加上非谓语动词前面加上not。第51页/共55页考例考例 _ the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.（广东（广东2004）A.Not completingB.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed第52页/共55页点拨点拨 选选C。该句主语是。该句主语是they，和，和complete 是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用V-ing形式表示主动。形式表示主动。complete the programme这个动作发生在这个动作发生在have to stay there.动作之前，故用完成时态。动作之前，故用完成时态。第53页/共55页第54页/共55页感谢您的观看！第55页/共55页