2020届高考英语一轮复习句子成分教学ppt课件.ppt

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1、读斑羚飞渡有感读斑羚飞渡有感1000 字字一本好书一本好书,会让你感动会让你感动,会让你有空灵飘逸感会让你有空灵飘逸感,会让你百看不厌会让你百看不厌,会让你捧腹大笑阅读会让你捧腹大笑阅读作为人类最好的学习方式之一作为人类最好的学习方式之一,自有书籍文字伊始自有书籍文字伊始,人类就在阅读中传承着文化人类就在阅读中传承着文化,开开启心智。而一些经典名著的阅读启心智。而一些经典名著的阅读,更是人类思想文明的精华更是人类思想文明的精华,值得后人去研究值得后人去研究,发现。发现。XX为您提供以下读后感为您提供以下读后感,希望对您有所帮助希望对您有所帮助!有这样的一本书有这样的一本书,它记录着大自然中的生

2、死传奇它记录着大自然中的生死传奇,记录着人与动物的深厚的友谊记录着人与动物的深厚的友谊;有有这样的一个人他用他的笔记录下人与动物之间的点点滴滴这样的一个人他用他的笔记录下人与动物之间的点点滴滴,记录下大自然里的悲欢记录下大自然里的悲欢离合。斑羚飞渡告诉我们一个深刻的道理离合。斑羚飞渡告诉我们一个深刻的道理:动物和我们人类一样都有丰富的感动物和我们人类一样都有丰富的感情情,甚至他们拥有是世界上最纯真的感情。甚至他们拥有是世界上最纯真的感情。为了换得下一代的永生为了换得下一代的永生,斑羚们在山涧上空划出一道道令人眼花缭乱的弧线斑羚们在山涧上空划出一道道令人眼花缭乱的弧线,那是一那是一座座用老斑羚的

3、肉体和死亡筑成的桥墩。这是何等神圣的精神力量啊座座用老斑羚的肉体和死亡筑成的桥墩。这是何等神圣的精神力量啊!连猎人们也连猎人们也不觉放下了猎枪。令我最震撼的不觉放下了猎枪。令我最震撼的,还是那只镰刀头羊。它担任着一位领导者的身份还是那只镰刀头羊。它担任着一位领导者的身份,冷静镇定地指挥着斑羚群。当种群得到延续时冷静镇定地指挥着斑羚群。当种群得到延续时,它从容地走向深渊。那一瞬间它从容地走向深渊。那一瞬间,那一那一种精神种精神,在虹光的映照下在虹光的映照下,显得无比的悲壮显得无比的悲壮!斑羚群以一半的牺牲斑羚群以一半的牺牲,挽救了另一半的生命。牺牲的斑羚们那样地挽救了另一半的生命。牺牲的斑羚们那

4、样地从容从容,接受接受生生命的援助命的援助的斑羚也没有表现出的斑羚也没有表现出特别特别Sentence Constituents句子成分句子成分你知道有几种句子成分（你知道有几种句子成分（sentence constituents）吗）吗?它们分别是什么？它们分别是什么？英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：记为：主谓宾，定状补主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有成分之外，还有“表语表语”和和“同位语同位语”的的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此说法。但表语

5、和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。语的一部分。1.主语找出下面句子的主语，并说出由什么充当。1.We often speak English in class.2.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.3.Smoking does harm to the health.4.The rich should help the poor.5.He can swim across the river.6.That

6、he isnt at home is not true.-结论？主语是结论？主语是,由由充当充当主语主语一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：1.名词名词 2.代词代词 3.数词数词 4.不定式不定式 5.动名词动名词 6.主语从句等表示。主语从句等表示。7.名词化的形容词（如名词化的形容词（如the rich）2.谓语谓语 找出下面句子的谓语，并说出由什么充当。1.He practices running every morning.2.He reads newspapers every day

7、.3.You may keep the book for two weeks.4.He has caught a bad cold.5.I have been waiting for you all the time._结论？谓语是由结论？谓语是由充当充当2.谓语谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：征和状态。谓语的构成如下：A.简单谓语：简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.He reads newspaper

8、s every day.B.复合谓语：复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.I have been waiting for you all the time.3.表语表语 Practice:画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。画出下列句中的表语，并说明由什么充当。1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.The weather has turned cold.3.The speech

9、 is exciting.4.His job is to teach English.5.His hobby（爱好）is playing football.6.The machine must be under repairs.7.The truth is that he has never been abroad.-结论？表语位于结论？表语位于之后，一般由之后，一般由充当充当 表语表语一般位于系动词（如一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,turn,look,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名代词、形容词、分词、数词、不

10、定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。4.宾语宾语Practice:画出下列句中的宾语画出下列句中的宾语,找出宾语的找出宾语的位置。位置。1.They planted many trees yesterday.2.With much homework to do,he refused her invitation.3.I wanted to buy a car.-结论？宾语位于词之后宾语一般位于宾语一般位于及物动词及物动词和和介词介词后面。后面。宾语分为宾语分为动词宾语动词宾语和和介词宾语介词宾语，表示动作的，表示动作的对象或承受者。对象或承受者。5.宾

11、语补足语宾语补足语 宾语补足语和宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。一般位于宾语后面。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。找出下列句子的宾语补足语。1.We will soon make our city what your city is now.2.His father named him Dongming.3.They painted their boat white._Practice:用适当形式填写下列句中的宾语补足语。用适当形式填写下列句中的宾语补足语。1.We saw her _ the roo

12、m.（enter）2.He made his homework _ on time.(do)entering/enterdone6.主补主补对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，对主语的补充。含有宾语补足语的句子在变成被动语态，宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。宾语作主语时，原来的宾补就成了主语补足语。He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语定语 定语是对名词或代词定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限

13、定作用起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句的词、短语或句子。定语通常子。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前位于被修饰的成分前。eg.He has an interesting book.但在许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与但在许多情况下，定语是放在所修饰词后面的，这点与汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。汉语习惯不同，也是许多同学不能读懂长句的主要原因。定语后置常见的有以下几种情况：定语后置常见的有以下几种情况：A.副词副词用作定语一般要后置。用作定语一般要后置。People there are very friendly.(那儿的人们)He didnt like _.（楼下的那个

14、人）(downstairs)B.形容词短语形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。单个形容词作定语一般放在所修饰词之前，而形容词短语作定语一般放在所修饰词之后。The next man is a scientist.The _ is a scientist.（我旁边的那个人）the man downstairsman next to meC.介词短语介词短语作定语时要后置。作定语时要后置。The boy under the tree is Tom.（树下的那个男孩）The tallest boy _ is John.（我们班最高的那个男孩）D.现在分词短语、过去分词短

15、语、动词不定式现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式作定语常作定语常后置。后置。The boy crying over there is my classmate.（在那边哭的那个男孩）The house_ is impressive.（去年建的那座房子）in our classbuilt last year Review:哪些形式充当的定语要后置？哪些形式充当的定语要后置？副词、形容词短语、现在分词短语、过副词、形容词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式去分词短语、动词不定式Practice:翻译下列句子，用直线标出定语部分翻译下列句子，用直线标出定语部分。1.The letter

16、on the desk is for Mr.Wu.2.She carried a basket full of eggs.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4.A boy calling himself John wanted to see you.5.Most of the singers invited to the party were from America.-8.状语状语 A.副词可以状语副词可以状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。He w

17、rites carefully.(副词修饰动词，作状语副词修饰动词，作状语)He is very clever.（副词修饰形容词（副词修饰形容词,作状语）作状语）He runs very slowly.（副词修饰副词（副词修饰副词,作状语）作状语）Unfortunately,he lost all of his money.（副词修饰整个句子，作状语）（副词修饰整个句子，作状语）B.状语按意义分为很多种，如状语按意义分为很多种，如时间、地点、原因、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、伴随方式和让步状目的、结果、程度、条件、伴随方式和让步状语语等。等。Practice:指出下列画线部分属于

18、什么状语。1.How about meeting again at six?2.Mr.Smith lives on the third floor.3.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.4.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.5.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.6.She works very hard though she is old.时间时间地点地点原因原因伴随伴随目的目

19、的让步让步高考链接：Practice (competiton:改错1分，成分1分)A.单句改错，并说明它所在的形式在句中充当什么成分。单句改错，并说明它所在的形式在句中充当什么成分。1.Play basketball is my favorite sport.2.Not only his parents but also his best friend encourage him to go abroad.3.She was out of her breath from climbing the stairs 4.He was born in a poor family,and only re

20、ceived a limit education in his childhood.5.When we wanted to go through the forest,we found ourselves losing.6.Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with a patience.-limited（定语）-Playing(主语)-lost（宾补）encourages(谓语)B.短文填空短文填空,并说明所充当的成分（填空并说明所充当的成分（填空2分，成分分，成分2分）分）I remember my first Ch

21、ristmas adventure with Grandma.I remember _1_(rush)across town on my bike _2_ (visit)her.On the day my big sister dropped the bomb.There is no Santa Claus.she laughed.“Even dummies(傻瓜)know that!I_3_(flee)to Grandma_4_I knew she would be straight with me.She always told the truth.No Santa Claus?she s

22、aid.Ridiculous!Dont believe _5_.Put on your coat,and lets go.“Go where,Grandma?I asked.As _6_(us)walked through the doors of the general store,Grandma handed me ten dollars and said,Buy something for someone who needs it.Ill wait for you in the car.rushingto visitfledbecauseIt/thatwe I was only eigh

23、t years old.Never had I shopped for anything all by myself.For a few moments I just stood there,_7_(wonder)what to buy,and _8_to buy it for.I thought of everybody I knew.Then I thought about Bobbie Decker.He was my classmate with bad breath and_9_(mess)hair,and he sat right behind me.He didnt have a

24、 coat.I knew that because he never went out to play games during the winter.I fingered the bill and felt _10_(excite).I would buy Bobbie a coat.wonderingwho/whommessyexcitedHomework组词成句组词成句1.他这次考试不及格使他不高兴。（he failed the exam,make,upset）2.你认识Tom旁边的那个人吗？（know,next to）3.我们有一个能容下3000学生用餐的餐厅。（dining hall,large enough,hold）4.上周日我们在校园内栽了很多树。（plant lots of trees,in the schoolyard）5.我永远不会忘记他那天对我讲的话。（will,forget,what he told me,never）Thank you!