2020高考英语非谓语动词总复习ppt课件.pptx

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1、 非谓语动词非谓语动词 不定式不定式一一 不定式的用法不定式的用法lIt is very dangerous to do it.1.主语 To see is to believe.常用于句型：It is+adj.+for/of sb+to do stheg:It is brave of you to do that.It is easy for you to do that.表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名词或代词有意义上的主表关系，常与of搭配。Brave,careful,careless,clever,considerate,cruel,foolish,good,honest,kind,n

2、ice,right,rude,stupid,silly,thoughtful,wise,wrong表示事物性质的形容词与不定式关系密切，有主表关系，常与for搭配。Easy,hard,heavy,necessary,impossible,possible,important,difficultI still want to be a quiet and handsome man!2.宾语宾语 I find it interesting to study English.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：manage,promise,pretend,plan,off

3、er,agree,ask,dare,choose,fail,help,want,refuse等等lHow should I make my teacher believe it?3.宾语补足语 He asked me to do the work with him.注意：在feel,hear,listen to,look at,notice,observe,see,watch,have,let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to.但是变成被动结构，必须带to.I heard him sing a song.He was heard to sing a song.4.定语Putin now

4、 has to find new ways to develop Russian economy.注1：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需有介词Please give me a knife to cut with.There is nothing to worry about.He is looking for a room to live in.He is the first one to come here.但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略。He had no mone

5、y and no place to live(in).注2：have 表示“有”，to do 主动和被动意思不一样Have you anything to claim（申报）?动作执行者youI am going to Beijing next week.Have you anything to be taken to your son?动作执行者是我l-Why did you ask for leave last Friday night?l-To tell you the truth,I went home to watch“Running man”.5.状语I came here to

6、see you.(目的)We were excited to hear the news.(原因)soas to,suchas to,enough to,only to,tooto这画面太美我不敢看 Its so beautiful that Im too scared to see it.(结果）注1：某些形容词在tooto结构中表肯定，它们是anxious,delighted,eager,easy,glad,kind,pleased,ready,surprised,willing等。She was too surprised to see how angry herfather was.(

7、看到父亲那么生气，她很吃惊)注2：在not,never,only,all,but等后的tooto 结构中too意为very，没有否定含义。Its never too late to learn.Im only too glad to stay at home.lEating is easy,losing weight is not.It is to be cherished.6.表语My job is to help the patient.7.独立成分to tell the truth,to be frank,to be exact,to begin with,to make matters

8、 worse8.不定式与疑问词连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，表语，宾语等。How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.He didnt know what to say.注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的不定不带to.Why not have a change?lNo zuo,no die.Why you try?l不作死，就不会死！二二.不定式的时态不定式的时态1.不定式一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语 动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后 发生

9、。I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.I saw him go out.2.如果谓语表示的动作发生时，不定式表示 的动作正在进行，不定式用进行时。He is believed to be coming.Im glad to be working with you.3.不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成时。He is believed to have come.Im sorry to have kept you waiting.4.在intended,expected,hoped,promised,wanted,wished,tho

10、ught等后用不定式完 成式表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或 计划。I hoped to have finished the work earlier.1.Youweresillynot_yourcar.A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked2.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen,butImgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.AtobeheardBtobehearingCtohearDtohaveheard3.-IsBobstillperforming?-Imafraidnot.Heissa

11、id_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft三三.不带不带to的不定式的不定式1.在feel,hear,listen to,make,let,have,see,look at,watch,notice,observe等动词后，不定式作宾补时不用to2.在cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot help but之后 I cannot but admire their courage.3.不定式动词在介词but,except,后面 时

12、，介词前有行为动词doI dont have any other choice but to accept the fact.She could do nothing but cry.4.不定式作表语，说明前面不定式作表语，说明前面do的内容时的内容时What he wants to do most now is(to)beat him.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone2.Wevemissedthelastbus.Imafraidwehavenochoi

13、cebut_ataxi.A.totakeB.takingC.takeD.takenV-ing1.主语Reading is very important in learning a foreign language.2.表语Her favourite sport is diving.4.宾语 I enjoy swimming.3.定语drinking water下列句型中常用动名词作主语下列句型中常用动名词作主语:Itis/wasnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuse/gooduseless+doingsth.It is no use saying more.说多

14、了都是泪说多了都是泪.admit,avoid,allow,advise,appreciate,consider,enjoy,dislike,deny,practise,permit,finish,delay,escape,involve,risk,mind,imagine,miss,suggest某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语介词宾语1.Im tired of working.2.Tell me something about fishing.3.The tool is used for opening cans.4.I like sunbathing after s

15、wimming.短语的宾语短语的宾语 feel like/cant help/cant stand/put off/give up/Its no use/Its no good/etc.带带to 短语的宾语短语的宾语 turn to/be used to/due to/refer to be sentenced to/see to/stick to/object to/lead to/look forward to/get down to/devote oneself to be accustomed to/be addicted to condemn.to.It condemns him t

16、o living alone.有些动词如有些动词如love,like,hate,prefer后既可以跟不定后既可以跟不定式又可以跟式又可以跟inging分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但但inging分词分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为的行为)。Ilike_verymuch,butIdontlike_thisafternoon.A.swimming,swimmingB.toswim,toswimC.swimming,toswimD.toswim,swimmingCLittleJimshouldlove_tothethe

17、atrethiseveningA.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking如果如果like,love,prefer前有前有would/should,后面则应该接动词不定式。后面则应该接动词不定式。AA思考：下列情况中动词后思考：下列情况中动词后接不定式还是接接不定式还是接ing分词作宾语呢？分词作宾语呢？1.Only then did I begin _(see)she was really good to me.2.The moment he returned home,I was starting/beginning _(cook)supper.3.The

18、 water began _(freeze).to seeto cookto freeze4.4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。宾语，但意义上有明显差别。讨论：有哪些单词或短语？讨论：有哪些单词或短语？go on(stop/forget/remember/regret)to go on(stop/forget/remember/regret)to do/doingdo/doing cant help to do/doing cant help to do/doing be used to do/doing be u

19、sed to do/doing (get used to doing)(get used to doing)(used to do)(used to do)mean doing/to do mean doing/to do I regret telling him the bad news.（已做）（已做）Dont forget to post my letter.（未做）（未做）I remember returning your book.（已做）（已做）1.When the teacher came in,they stopped talking.2.I felt tired,so I s

20、topped to have a rest.一般式完成式主动被动teachinghaving taughtbeing taughthaving been taught1.He was praised for having got full marks.2.He regretted having married her.3.He disliked being punished in public.4.He regretted having been taken to such a place.（完成式）（完成式）（被动态）（被动态的完成式）1.Marys being late made the

21、teacher angry.2.I suggest his going there.3.I suggest him going there.动名词的逻辑主语动名词的否定形式I regret not following his advice.1。改错1.The parents are looking forward to hear from their daughter.The parents are looking forward to hearing from their daughter.2.You can easily improve your English by practise l

22、istening and speaking.by practising listening and speaking3.New ways have been found to stop the river from polluting.stop the river from being polluted4.He enjoys listening to the news in the morning and to watch TV in the evening.He enjoys listening to the news in the morning and watching TV in th

23、e evening.5.I didnt mind treating like that.I didnt mind being treated like that.6.Tom was scolded for having not finished his homework.Tom was scolded for not having finished his homework.分词分词 1.分词的句法作用分词的句法作用lThe picture is interesting.lHave you read the book written by the famous actor.lBeing ill

24、,he hasnt come.lThey are watching the boys playing football.2.现在分词和过去分词作表语区别现在分词和过去分词作表语区别 现在分词：现在分词：“令人令人”；过去分词：过去分词：“感到感到”The result was _.After hearing the news,we felt very_.(disappoint)His_looksuggestedthatthemovieisvery_.(interest)ingingeded3.作定语的区别作定语的区别现在分词：表示主动、进行中的动作现在分词：表示主动、进行中的动作过去分词：表示

25、被动、完成的动作过去分词：表示被动、完成的动作lfalling leaves/fallen leaveslboiling water/boiled waterldeveloping/developed countrylspeaking/spoken English分词作定语时，常置于所修饰的词之后，分词作定语时，常置于所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句相当于一个定语从句1.Australiaistheonlycountrycoveringanentirecontinent.2.ThemanwritingthisEnglishletterismyteacher.3.Theletterwritte

26、ninEnglishisfrommyteacher.4.Suddenlythereappearedayoungwomandressedinwhite.分词作状语的主要用法l(1)表示时间代替表示时间代替when,while,after before,等引导的时间状语从句等引导的时间状语从句:lArriving at the station(=When I arrived),I found the train gone.lHearing the news(=When he heard),he couldnt help jumping up.lWalking along the street(=W

27、hile I was walking ),I met old Mike.(当强调时间时，可在分词前加当强调时间时，可在分词前加when，while等连词，如：等连词，如：)lBe careful when(you are)transporting the vases.lWhen(he was)asked to stop talking,he became angry.（2）表示原因）表示原因代替代替as，since等引导的原因状语从句，等引导的原因状语从句，Being tired(=As he was tired),he went to bed early.So the question is

28、There being so many schools to choose from,which is the strongest in Excavator Technology?As there are so many schools to choose from,(3)表示条件表示条件代替代替if,unless等引导的条件状语从句等引导的条件状语从句 Turning to the right(=if you turn to),youll find the theatre.We wont go there unless(we are)invited.These trees will grow

29、 better if(they are)well looked after.(4)表示让步表示让步代替though,although,even if引导的让步 状语从句：Although having spent(Although he has spent)much time on his study,he doesnt see his success.Although tired,they continued to work.(5)表示方式或伴随状况表示方式或伴随状况，They walked into the classroom,talking and laughing.The teache

30、r stood there surrounded by the students.The Monkey King is coming,riding a motorbike.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。1)Beinganorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.2)Hisbeinganor

31、phan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.3)Ashewasanorphan,thenursetreatedhimkindly.FTT(Trueorfalse)1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,_.A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2Whilewatchingtelevision,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCwehear

32、dthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings5.分词作补足语分词作补足语 能跟补足语的动词多为表示感觉的动词,如see,hear,feel,watch,noticeobserve等。此外有些使役动词也能跟补足语：have,make,get,keep,leave等 He suddenly spotted her sitting at the back.Sorry to have kept you waiting.He suddenly spotted her seated at the back.The wife found herself occupied with housework every day.6.某些分词固定词组某些分词固定词组generally speaking/considering/judging by(from)/Compared withJudging by the movie,he must be badly hurt.lCompared with this man,the previous one is so lame.谢谢谢谢