中职英语总复习——动词.pdf

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1、中职英语总复习第六天动词含练习春考英语总复习动词动动词词是是表表示示动动作作（study,find,swim 等等）或或状状态态（be,like,feel 等等）的的词词。动动词词具具有有人人称称、数数量量、时时态态、语语态态和和语语态态变变化化。知知识识梳梳理理：提提纲纲挈挈领领，抓抓住住重重点点和和难难点点！动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词(实义动词)四类。一一）助助动动词词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有 be,do,does,did,have,will,shall

2、等。具体用法如下：1、助助动动词词 be 的的用用法法如如下下：1）构成各种进行时态。如：It was raining all day yesterday.昨天整天下雨。2）构成被动语态。如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。3）与不定式连用表示按照计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作。如：They are to see an English film this evening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。2、助助动动词词 do 的的用用法法如如下下：1）构成疑问式或否定式。如：Does he think so?I didnt sa

3、y anything about the result.2)在动词前加上 do,does,did 表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。如：They do study hard.She does love him.He did want to help the old man.3)可以用作代动词，代替句子中已经出现的实义动词，以避免重复。如：Who jumps highest in your class?Jim does.(不说 Jim jumps)3、have:助助动动词词 have 的的过过去去式式是是 had。have 和 had 均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态。如：He has lived

4、 here for three years.As soon as the sun had set they returned.4、shall,should:助动词 shall 只用于第一人称的将来时态；助动词 should 是 shall 的过去式，构成过去将来时。如：I shall send ten letters to my good friend.She wanted to know if I should go to the palace.二二）情情态态动动词词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词

5、有：can,may,must,need,should 等。一一情情态态动动词词的的用用法法1.can 用用法法1）表表示示能能力力，与与 be able to 同同义义，但但 can 只只用用于于现现在在时时和和过过去去时时，be able to 可可用用于于各各种种时时态态。Two eyes can see more than one.注：Can you?Yes,I can/No,I cant.2).表表示示允允许许、请请求求用 could 比 can 语气更加委婉客气，常用于 could I/you.?句型中，若表示同意时，用 can 回答而不用 could.Could I borrow

6、the book?No,you cant.3）。表表示示推推测测“可可能能”常常用用于于否否定定句句或或疑疑问问句句中中。（cant 表表示示一一定定不不是是）It cant be true.Can it be true?2.may 用用法法1）表表允允许许，请请求求=can表示许可或征求对方的许可，常于第一人称连用。注：May I.?Yes,you mayNo,you cant/mustnt.在回答以 may 引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式，如 Yes,please./Certainly.2）表表推推测测，可可能能、也也许许。常常用用于于肯肯定定句句中中。Maybe he kno

7、ws the news.=He _ _ the news.3.must1）表表示示义义务务。意意为为“必必须须”（主主观观意意志志）。We must do everything step by step.注：Must I.?Yes,you must/No,you neednt(dont have to).-Must we hand in our exercisebooks now?-No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.2）mustnt 表表禁禁止止、不不允允许许。You mustnt talk to her like that.3）表表示示揣揣测测。意意为为“

8、想想必必、准准是是、一一定定”等等，只只用用于于肯肯定定句句。否否定定、疑疑问问句句中中 must 改改为为 can.He must be ill.He looks so pale.Shes wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.注：must 表推测时，其反义疑问句与 must 后面的动词一致。There must be something wrong,_ _?4.need 的的用用法法need 既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要否定句或疑问句中。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。1).用用作作情情态

9、态动动词词，用用于于否否定定句句和和疑疑问问句句中中。a).Need I.?Yes,you must/No,you neednt.Need we finish the work today?Yes you _?A.needB.canC.mayD.mustb).need+do sth.变否定句：neednt do sth变疑问句：Need sb do sth?2).用用作作实实义义动动词词a).need+to do sth.We need _(buy)some school things.变否定句：dont/doesnt/didnt+need to do sth.变疑问句：Do/Does/Did

10、 sb+need to sth?Yes,do/does/didNo,sb dont/doesnt/didnt.You dont need to do it yourself.b).当主语是物时。Sth+need+doing sth=Sth+need to be done.The table needs painting.=The table needs _ _ _.5.had better 的的用用法法1).had better+动词原形=Its best to do sth.You had better _(stay)at home.=_ _ _ stay at home.2).Had be

11、tter not+动词原形We had better _(not play)the computer games.6.must 与与 have to1).一般情况下，两者可互换。must=have to2).must“必须，应该”表示说话人的主观看法，即说话人认为必须干某事。（内在原因）have to“必须，不得不”强调客观需要，即外界因素迫使某人不得不干某事。（外界原因）I cant stop playing the computer games.For your health,Im afraid you _.A.canB.mayC.mustD.had to7.used to 与与 woul

12、d used to 和 would 都用来表达现已不存在的过去的习惯或状态。但 would 不能用在所述故事的开始二二情情态态动动词词后后跟跟完完成成式式和和进进行行式式的的用用法法1.情情态态动动词词后后跟跟完完成成式式，表表“原原本本应应该该干干某某事事，而而实实际际上上没没干干”I should have finished the work earlier.He isnt here.He must have missed the train.2.情情态态动动词词后后跟跟进进行行式式，表表示示“想想必必正正在在”，“可可能能正正在在”，“应应当当正正在在”等等意意。Its twelve o

13、clock.They must be having lunch.They may be discussing this problem.He cant be telling the truth.She shouldnt be working like that.Shes still so weak.三三情情态态动动词词的的同同义义转转换换.1.can=be able to区区别别：can 只只有有一一般般式式和和过过去去式式，而而 be able to do 有有多多种种时时态态的的变变化化。在在过过去去时时中中二二者者有有区区别别：were was ableto 强强调调过过去去成成功功做做

14、到到，而而 could 只只表表示示过过去去的的能能力力或或可可能能性性。2.must=have to 注注意意二二者者主主客客观观的的区区别别3.neednt=dont have to情情态态动动词词 练练习习与与巩巩固固：熟熟能能生生巧巧，取取得得好好成成绩绩！1.Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now,he went to Beijing only this morning.A.mustntB.may notC.cantD.neednt2.Must I saty at home,Mum?-No,you _.A.needntB.mustntC.dontD.may not3.

15、Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?-Sorry,I cant.I _ take care of my little sister at home because my mother isill.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.have to4.May I go to the cinema,Mum?-Certainly.But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A.canB.mayC.mustD.need5.To make our city more beautiful,rubbish _ into the river

16、.A.neednt be thrownB.mustnt be thrownC.cant throwD.may not throw6.Where is Jack,please?-He _ be in the reading room.A.canB.needC.wouldD.must7.Who is the man over there?Is it Mr Li?-No,it _ be him.Mr Li is much taller.A.mustntB.may notC.cantD.neednt8.These books _ out of the reading room.You have to

17、read them here.A.cant takeB.must be takenC.can takeD.mustnt be taken9.Mum,may I watch TV now?-Sure,but you _ help me with my housework first.10.Put on more clothes.You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.11.May I stop here?-No,you _.A.mustntB.might notC.needntD.wont12.Could I borrow your dictiona

18、ry?-Yes,of course you _.A.mightB.willC.canD.should13.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will14.Michael _ be a policeman,for hes much too short.A.needntB.cantC.shouldD.may15._ I know your name?A.MayB.WillC.ShallD.Must16.You _ be more careful next time.A.have toB.

19、mayC.mustD.might17.Cars and buses _ stop when the traffic lights turn red.A.canB.needC.mayD.must18.Look out!The knife is very sharp.You _ cut your finger.A.needB.mustC.shouldD.may19.How long _ the book be kept?-For two weeks,but you _ return it on time.A.can;mayB.may;needC.can;mustD.must;need20.Coul

20、d I call you by your first name?-Yes,you _.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might三）系动词连词动词的种类联系动词含有一定意义，它们要与其后做表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。系动词按意义可分为三类，而且有自己的特定用法。1、按意义联系动词有：be,appear,seem,keep,remain,continue,stay,prove 等，如：Jim appears very old.、表示感觉的联系动词有 look,feel,smell,sound,taste 等。如：It smells bad.3、表示转变的联系动词有

21、become,fall,get,go,grow,turn 等。如：She becomes more beautiful than three years ago.表示状态的连系动词后接形容词,一般不用于进行时(feel 除外)和被动语态,表示变化的连系动词表示“渐渐”时可用与进行时.常见的连系动词有:一“是”(be-is/am/are),一“感”(feel-felt),二“保持”(keep-kept,stay),四个“起来”(look,sound,smell-smelt,taste),“好像”(seem)一下“变”(get,turn,become)了三.Pizza is ready,and i

22、t _ nice.A.smellsB.feelsC.goesThis kind of apple _ delicious.I want one more.A.smellsB.feelsC.tastesOh,the milk _ strange,do you think its OK to drink?A.is tastedB.is tastingCtastesThis kind of skirt looks _ and sells _.A.nice,wellB.nice,goodC.good,goodThe dress _ very soft.I like it.A.is feelingB.f

23、eelsC.is feltThe flower smells _,and I like it very much.A.wellB.goodC.badlyD.bad有些系动词又是实义动词,要注意辨别.Put the meat in the fridge,or it will go bad.(go 是连系动词)Look(看,是实义动词)carefully,he looks(看起来,是连系动词)very happy today.四）行为动词(实义动词)行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。、及物动词及物动词后一定要跟宾语，

24、意思才能完整。如：My mother told me she wanted to buy some books for me.2、不及物动词不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。如：He only worried about his daughter.3、由“动词+副词”构成的及物性短语，若宾语是名词，该名词即可放在动词和副词之间，也可放在副词之后。但宾语是代词，则该动词应放在动词和副词之间。Your caat is on the bed.Please put it on.4、由“动词+介词”构成的短语是及物性的，宾语都要放在介词后。My ba

25、by is too young.Ill have to get someone to look after her.二、动词的时态动词的时态有很多。初中阶段主要掌握八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时。1一一般般现现在在时时I）一般现在时的句子结构1、当句子表状态说明主语是什么或怎么样时，其句型：主+BE 动词（am,is,are）+表语，否定式是在 BE 动词后加 not，疑问句是将 BE 动词提前到句首（即在主语之前）e.g.The twin sisters are from America.这对孪生姐妹是美国人。The tw

26、in sisters are not from America.Are the twins from America?2、当谓语由实义动词充当，A 主语不是第三人称单数时，句子结构为：主语+动词原形+其它We speak Chinese.否定式为：主语+dont+动词原形+其它They dont speak Chinese.疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？Do you speak Chinese?B 当主语是第三人称单数时：句子结构为 主语+动词（词尾加 s 或 es）+其它。否定式为：主语+doesnt+动词原形+其它。疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？C 三单变化：1 多数在

27、动词后加 s如：playplayslikelikes 等。2 以 s，x，sh，ch，o 结尾的动词加 es如：gogoeswash-washes3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾，把 y 改 i 再加 esflyfliesII）一般现在时的用法1.表示现在的状态Tom lives in Beijing.2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与 always,often,sometimes,every day,on weekends,once a month,three times a day，in the morning/afternoon,/evening,at noon,at night,on Sun

28、day(s),at seven 等表示频率的副词或时间状语连用。I go to school at seven every day.He plays soccer on Sundays.3 表示主语具备的性格和能力等She likes apples.They speak Japanese.4.表示客观事实或普遍真理。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。例例题题解解析析：举举一一反反三三，学学的的更更轻轻松松！1.-May I help you,sir?-Yes,I bought the TV the day

29、before yesterday,but it _.A.didnt workB.doesnt workC.wont workD.cant work2_ the bus until it _.A.Get off,stopsB.Get off,will stopC.Dont get off,stopsD.Dont get off,will stop3The 70-year-old man _ exercises in the morning.A.takesB.are takingC.tookD.will take2.一一般般过过去去时时1).概概念念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经

30、常性的动作、行为。2).时时间间状状语语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month),in 1989,just now,at the age of 5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,this morning3).基基本本结结构构：be 动词；was/were 行为动词:动词的过去式4).否否定定形形式式：was/were+not;didnt+动词原形5).一一般般疑疑问问句句：was 或 were 放于句首；Did+动词原形?6)用用动动词词的的过过去去式式

31、。作作谓谓语语的的行行为为动动词词的的词词尾尾变变化化如如下下：一般情况+ed以 e 字母结尾的辅音+d以辅音字母y 结尾去 y 变 ied重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾字母+ed3.现现在在进进行行时时1）现在进行时的构成：主语+am/is/are+v-ing 是现在进行时的构成形式v-ing 现在分词的构成：一般情况+ing以不发音字母 e 结尾的单词。去 e,加 ing+ing以辅音字母y 结尾的单词去 e+ing以重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时.双写词尾字母+ing2)现在进行时的用法：1.说话时正在进行或发生的动作（动作是在说话时正在进行）。例如：S

32、he is having a bath now.2.现阶段正在进行或发生的动作（但是动作并不是必须在说话时正在进行）。例如：You are working hard today.Kate wants to work in Italy,so she is learning Italian.The population of the world is growing very fast.频度副词 always,forever 等词连用时，表示某种强烈的感情。如：He is always trying out new ideas.(表示欣赏，表扬)表示按计划即将发生的动作（仅限于 go,come,a

33、rrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay 等动词）。如：The party is beginning at 8:00 oclock.6)常用于现在进行时态的时间状语：now,at this time,these days,look,listen,can you see?Cant yousee?,Dont talk/Be quiet 之类的暗示语等。正正确确形形式式填填空空1.Look!The police _（carry）the food onto the bank of the river.2.Listen!Someone _(sing)in the room.3.I

34、ts six oclock.The Greens _(eat)dinner.4.Dont talk.The baby _(sleep).5.Is she doing her homework at home?No,she _(watch)TV.6.Where is Tom?Hes in the garden.He with his friends _(help)his mother water theflowes.4.过过去去进进行行时时表表示示过去某某一一时时刻刻或某某一一段段时时间间正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间，除有上上，下下文文暗暗示示以外，一般用时间状语来表示或由 when/wh

35、ile 引导的时间状语从句。结结构构：主主语语+was/were+doing+-1).at+时时刻刻数数时时刻刻at this/that time过过去去between+时时刻刻数数 and+时时刻刻数数时时间间段段from+时时刻刻数数 to+时时刻刻数数2).过过去去进进行行时时（主主句句）when 一一般般过过去去时时(从从句句)。When 一一般般过过去去时时(从从句句)，过过去去进进行行时时（主主句句）。3).一一般般过过去去时时（主主句句）while 过过去去进进行行时时（从从句句）。While 过过去去进进行行时时（从从句句），一一般般过过去去时时（主主句句）。4).过过去去进进

36、行行时时（主主句句）while 过过去去进进行行时时（从从句句）。(强强调调两两个个动动作作同同时时进进行行)用动词的适当形式填空1Did you see him come in?No,I _(watch)a football game.2My sister _(read)her book when my mother came in.3This time yesterday I _(eat)dinner with my friends.4At nine oclock last Sunday,they_(have)a party.5They _(swim)in the pool from 7:

37、30 to 9:00 last Sunday.6The Greens _(have)lunch at this time yesterday.7The police _(come)when I walked around the station.8Tom with his friends _(play)soccer at 7:30 a.m last Sunday.9I _(sleep)when I _(hear)a knock at the door.10.When I saw him,he _(wait)for the bus.11.What _ you _(do)at this time

38、yesterday?12.I _(not go)to the cinema last night.13.When you _(call)me a moment ago,I _(write).14.I _(do)my homework while my parents _(watch)TV last night.I _(draw)a picture when the police _(come)in.5一一般般将将来来时时构构成成 1）is/am/are+going to do sth 表示计划，安排要做的事情2)will do sth(will 是助动词，没有人称的变化，适用于各种人称)sha

39、ll do sth(shall 是助动词，只用于第一人称)标标志志：1）tomorrow/the day after tomorrow2)this afternoon3)next+时间名词 next year/Sunday4)when/until 等引导的时间状语从句【主将从现】5）in+一段时间(How soon)6）if 引导条件状语从句【主将从现】7）in the future He _(tell)you when he _(come)back tomorrow.Tom _(play)with you if he _(be)free next Sunday.We _(go)there i

40、f it _(rain)tomorrow.注注意意：Look at the cloulds.It is going to rain.(有迹象表明)The radio says it will rain tomorrow.(有科学依据事实)2.in+一段时间 在-后(How soon)（一般将来时）after+一段时间=一段时间+later 在-后(When)（一般过去时）after+时刻数（一般将来时）He _(get)here in an hour.He _(get)here after an hour.He _(get)here after five oclock.6.过过去去将将来来时时

41、：1).概概念念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2).时时间间状状语语：the next day(morning,year),the following month(week),by then,3).基基本本结结构构：was/were/going to+do；would/should+do.4).否否定定形形式式：was/were/not+going to+do;would/should+not+do.5).一一般般疑疑问问句句：was 或 were 放于句首；would/should 提到句首。7现现在在完完成成时时I I1 1).概概念念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现

42、在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2 2.).基基本本结结构构：have/has+done3 3).否否定定形形式式：have/has+not+done.4 4).一一般般疑疑问问句句：把 have 或 has 放于句首。5 5).反反义义疑疑问问句句：直接用 has/have 进行反问II 现现在在完完成成时时常常用用的的时时间间状状语语有有：1.already（”已经”用于肯定句的助动词 has/have 和过去分词之间）yet(“已经”用于疑问句的末尾处/“还”用于否定句的末尾处)I have already read the book._ you _ the

43、 book _?（变一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答）Yes,_ _./No,I _.I _ _ the book _.（否定句）2.never(“从不”用于助动词 has/have 和过去分词之间)ever（”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的助动词 has/have 和过去分词之间）_ he ever _(read)the book?No,he has never read it.3.just(“刚刚”用于助动词 has/have 和过去分词之间)He _ just _(finish)the work.He _(finish)the work just now.4.before 以前（句尾）He _

44、(see)the film before.He _(see)the film two days ago.5.现在完成时+since+时间点或从句(一般过去时);此划线部分用 how long 提问。since 短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since 之后的时间为一点。for+段时间;how long（疑问句中用来提问 since/for 短语）Mr.Smith _(work)here since 1984.1984 年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。He_(learn)about 5,000 English words since he _(go)to college.他上大学以来大约学了

45、五千个英语单词。for 短语表示动作延续多长时间，for 的宾语为时间段。如：We _(know)each other for twenty years.我们认识有二十年了。I _(not,see)her for a long time.我好久没有见到她了。练习：用 since 和 for 填空1)_ two years2)_ two years ago3)_ last month 4)_ 19995)_ she left here6)_ 4 oclock7)_ 4 hours8)_ an hour ago9)_ we were children6.so far 到目前为止How many w

46、ords _ you _(learn)so far?7.in the past/last+段时间 在过去的几年中8.once(一次)，twice,three(four)timesTom _(travel)to theGreat Wall twice.9.It is the+最高级+n.+(that)sb.have ever done.Whats the best gift he _(receive)?III.have been in,have been to 与与 have gone to 的的用用法法1 have(has)been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，

47、如：since,for,how long等。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。此外还有这些搭配：have beenhere(there)2 have(has)been to 表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与 just,ever,never 等连用，例如：I have just been to the post office.我刚才去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou

48、?你曾经去过杭州吗？have(has)been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：I have been to Beijing three times.我去过北京三次。3 have(has)gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop.练习1.Have you ever _ to an amusement park/A.gone to aB.gone to anC.been to aD.been to an2.Wh

49、eres Amy?-She has _ to the UK.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.goes3._ have you been there?-For three years.A.How oftenB.How longC.How farD.How soon4.Has Paul been to the USA？-Yes,_.A.he hasB.he doesC.she hasD.she does5.I _ to Canada twice.Its so beautiful.A.wont goB.have goneC.dont goD.have been6.Where _ you _,

50、John?Im looking for you everywhere.A.have;beenB.have;been toC.have;gone7.How long _ your father _ Shanghai?A.did;comeB.has;been in C.has;been to8.Have you _ been to our town before?No,its the first time I _ here.A.even,have comeB.ever,comeC.ever,have come9.-May I speak to Tom?-Sorry.He _Japan.But he