东北某城市臭氧污染特征及控制策略研究,环境工程硕士论文.docx
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1、东北某城市臭氧污染特征及控制策略研究,环境工程硕士论文摘 要 随着我们国家臭氧污染的范围不断扩大,程度不断加深,加之臭氧污染的危害性极大,使之遭到了广泛关注,臭氧污染已经成为了制约我们国家环境空气质量的主要因素之一,因而,研究臭氧污染在城市中的特征及来源具有重大实际意义。本论文选择我们国家东北腹地某典型城市为研究对象,主要对城市臭氧污染的特征、影响因素以及前体物来源进行研究,并提出城市臭氧污染控制策略,以期能为我们国家东北地区城市臭氧污染防控提供可行性建议。 通过研究发现我们国家东北地区臭氧污染逐年加重的趋势。分析臭氧污染小时变化规律和年度变化规律,得出臭氧浓度小时变化呈“单峰型 趋势,峰值出
2、如今下午15:00时左右;年度变化规律亦呈“单峰型 趋势,臭氧浓度夏季最高、冬季最低;气候因素会对臭氧污染的生成造成很大的影响,总体上,较强的太阳辐射、较高的温度、相对较低的湿度以及较小的风速,有利于臭氧污染生成;研究臭氧与氮氧化物和颗粒物之间的关系发现,臭氧与氮氧化物呈正相关关系,和颗粒物呈反相关关系。 以城市中VOCs监测数据为基础,采用基于最大增量反响活性系数的臭氧生成潜势法来估算VOCs转化生成O3的能力,得出VOCs的平均臭氧生成潜势量为26.5g/m3,烯烃类的臭氧生成潜势量最大(18.5g/m3),占70.1%,其次是烷烃类(5.2g/m3)和芳香烃类(2.4g/m3),分别占1
3、9.8%和10.1%。总体上臭氧生成潜势表现为:烯烃烷烃芳香烃。绘制了EKMA等值曲线,确定城区范围内,O3污染为VOCs主导控制,控制臭氧污染应重点控制VOCs的排放、尤其是烯烃的排放。利用正交矩阵因子模型(PMF)对VOCs污染进行源解析,结果表示清楚,来源中油气挥起源奉献23.2%,植物排放源奉献10.0%,工业生产源奉献50.6%,交通移动源奉献5.7%,溶剂使用源奉献10.5%。 本文在以上研究的基础上,根据近年来我们国家公布的大气污染物防治相关的政策标准,结合该城市对臭氧污染防治的详细办法,提出了东北地区城市臭氧污染控制策略建议。一是开展行业企业精准减排,抓好产业园区和企业群管理;
4、二是大力开展源头替代,深化工艺技术改革;三是加强VOCs治理相关政策法规宣传,组织企业开展VOCs的自行监管;四是推动燃煤锅炉执行更严格的大气排放标准;五是编制东北地区城市重污染天气VOCs重点行业应急减排措施。 本文关键词语 : 臭氧污染,影响因素,VOCs,臭氧生成潜势,源解析,控制策略。 Abstract With the continuous expansion and deepening of the scope and degree of ozonepollution in China, and the great harmfulness of ozone pollution, o
5、zone pollution hasbeen widely concerned, ozone pollution has become one of the important factorsrestricting the environmental air quality in China. So the characteristics and source ofozone pollution in the city has the important practical significance, this paper selectedhinterland of a typical cit
6、y in northeast China as the research object, maincharacteristics, influence factors of ozone pollution in cities and precursor contentsources is studied, and put forward the urban ozone pollution control strategy, in orderto provide feasibility for China s northeast city ozone pollution prevention a
7、dvice. It is found that ozone pollution in northeast China is increasing year by year.Based on the analysis of the daily and annual variation laws of ozone pollution, it isconcluded that the daily variation of ozone concentration presents a “single peak trend, and the peak value appears around 15 PM
8、. The annual variation also showed a“unimodal trend, the highest in summer, the second in spring and autumn, and thelast in winter. On the whole, strong solar radiation, higher temperature, relatively lowhumidity and relatively low wind speed are conducive to the generation of ozonepollution. Resear
9、ch on the relationship between ozone and NOxand particulate matterfound that ozone and NOxare positively correlated, and particulate matter isnegatively correlated. On the basis of VOCs monitoring data in the city, based on the maximumincrement coefficient of reactivity of ozone generation potential
10、 method to estimatethe conversion of VOCs generated O3ability, it is concluded that the average amountof ozone generation potential for VOCs 26.5 ug/m3, the amount of ozone generation potential olefin biggest (18.5 ug/m3), accounted for 70.1%, followed by alkane (5.2 ug/m3) and aromatic hydrocarbon
11、(2.4 ug/m3), 19.8% and 10.1% respectively. Ingeneral, the potential of ozone formation is: olefin alkane aromatic hydrocarbon. The EKMA equivalent curve is drawn, and it is determined that within the urban area,O3pollution is dominated by VOCs. In order to control ozone pollution, VOCsemission, espe
12、cially olefin emission, should be mainly controlled. The orthogonalmatrix factor model (PMF) was used to analyze the source of VOCs pollution. Theresults showed that the contribution of oil and gas volatilization source, plantemission source, industrial production source, transportation source and s
13、olvent usesource were 23.2%, 10.0%, 50.6%, 5.7% and 10.5%. On the basis of the above research, this paper reviewed a series of policies andstandards on the prevention and control of air pollutants in China, combined with theprevention and control of ozone pollution in the city in recent years, and p
14、ut forwardsome suggestions on the control strategy of ozone pollution in cities in NortheastChina. First, we will carry out targeted emission reduction for industrial enterprisesand do a good job in the management of industrial parks and enterprise clusters. Second, vigorously carry out the source s
15、ubstitution, deepen the technological reform;Three is to strengthen VOCs governance related laws and regulations publicity,organize enterprises to carry out their own monitoring of VOCs; Fourth, to promotethe implementation of more stringent atmospheric emission standards for coal-firedboilers; Five
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