英语复合句的用法及解题技巧--_1.docx

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1、英语复合句的用法及解题技巧在高考试题中，复合句占有较大的比例，复习时应该注意：倡发散思维，忌单向思维，考各种从属句，常常是不同类型的连接词语正误连缀而至，如果不抓住这一点，不从多方面思考选择，就容易以偏概全，误入歧途。弄清主从复合句中的每一个从属连接词的意思、用法、主句与从句在时态上的呼应、语气、是否需要倒装、固定搭配及逻辑常识等。熟记句型及特殊表达形式。注意各分句之间的特点及区别。注意有些连接词的省略情况及省略后某些语序发生的变化。总之在做习题时，不能生搬硬套，一成不变，要全方位的思考，摸清出题者的意图，灵活机动，随着不同的语言而变化。一、状语从句：状语从句又可分为时间、地点、目的、原因、结

2、果、行为方式、条件、让步及比较等几种形式。IllgowithyouassoonasI_mywork.A.willfinishB.shallfinishC.finishD.finished选在时间、条件状语从句中，主句可能是祈使句、一般将来时或带情态动词，从句用一般现在时。如果主句是过去将来时，从句可以用一般过去时。能够引导时间状语从句、条件状语从句的从属连接词，常见的有：when,until（tiy,directly,unless,aslongas,suppose等。如：（）Unlesshecomes,wewontbeabletogo.（）Supposeitgoesonraining,what

3、shallwedo?（）LuXunoftensaid,AslongasIamalive,Ishallgoonstudying.Nosooner_thenewsthantheyrushedoutintothestreet.A.theyheardB.theyhadheardC.didtheyhearD.hadtheyheard选nosoonerthan,hardlywhen,scarcelybefore表示就，主句一般用过去完成时（had+V-ed），从句用一般过去时，如果hardly,nosooner,scarcely放句首，主谓倒装。Althoughheisconsideredagreatwr

4、iter,_(MET91)A.hisworksarenotwidelyreadB.buthisworksarenotwidelyreadC.howeverhisworksarenotwidelyreadD.stillhisworksarenotwidelyread选这是一个让步状语从句，主句与从句之间有一个从属连词although(though)，不能再加but,however,still等，但可以和yet连用。Nomatterhowhardheworked,_（年）A.hecouldnotdoanybetterB.andhecouldnotdoanybetterC.sohecoulddoan

5、ybettesD.buthecouldnotdoanybetter选由nomatter引导的让步状语从句，其主句也不能再用but,and,so等并列连接词。_hemight,hefailed,A.TryasB.AstryC.TriedasD.Astried选为了强调让步的意义，表示出非常强烈的对照，用as或though引导的让步状语从句，从句的语序要作部分调整，即把句子受强调的表语、状语或动词原形置于从句的句首。如果表语是单数可数名词，移置句首时，名词前不用冠词。如：（）MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.（）Childassheis,sheknowsalotofEngli

6、sh.Didthetwoboyslooksomuchalike_noonecouldtellthemapart?A.andB.thatC.asD.sothat选目的状语从句的表达：主谓that(sothat,inorderthat)主may(might,can,could,shouldnt等)谓。_MrSmithiswellagain,hecantravel.A.NowthatB.ButthatC.AndthatD.Sincethat选nowthat相当于since。表示原因状语从句的连接词常见的有because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringt

7、hat等。Itwas_ahundredpeoplelookedlostinit.A.solargearoomthatB.solargearoomC.suchlargearoomthatD.asuchlargeroom选引导结果状语从句：soadj(adv)that从句soadja(an)nthat从句sucha(an)adjnthat从句表示这样（一个）以至于。Theharderheworked,_hefelt.A.happierB.thehappierC.thehappyD.thehappiest选the比较级主谓，the比较级主谓，意思是越越。二、定语从句定语从句是在复合句中使其修饰的某一

8、名词或代词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。在做定语从句的练习时，首先应该找出先行词，然后再确定选择关系代词或关系副词。能够引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词有who,whom,whose,that,which,when,why,where。Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintobermouth.(MA.itB.whichC.thisD.that选在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词用which不能用that。Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwiondows,mostof_hadntcleanedforatleastayear.

9、(MET90)A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which选如果选、，整个句子不符合语法要求，因为有一个逗号，不是并列句，因此只能是一个非限定性定语从句，在非限定性定语从句中关系代词一般用which。Hisparentswouldntmarryanyone_familywaspoor.(MET88)A.ofwhomB.whomc.ofwhoseD.whose选因为whose作family的定语。Finallythethiefhandedineverything_hehadstolentothepolice.(MET87)A.afterB.whatC.whateverD.that选因为

10、、不能引导定语从句。先行词everything，关系代词that在从句中作宾语。当先行词是不定代词all,anything,nothing,everything,something等，关系代词只能由that引导。All_isneededisasupplyofoil.(MET89)A.thethingB.thatC.whatC.which选All作先行词，关系代词由that引导。InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions_wereaskedinFrench.（年）A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which选question是先行词

11、，在从句中作主语，所以which引导。Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.（年）A.whoB.whereC.whichD.what选先行词是man。在从句中作主语，所以选who。Thewordwritehasthesamepronunciation_theworkright.（年）A.ofB.asC.toD.from选先行词中含有such,thesame时，或先行词被such,thesame修饰时，关系代词用as引导。Watchthegirlandherdog_arecrossingthebridge.A.whichB.whoC.theyD.that选当

12、先行词含有人和物时，关系代词用that。Thisdictionary,afewpages_aremissing,isofnouse.A.amongwhichB.ofwhichC.whichD.inwhich选dictionary是先行词，which是关系代词，afewpagesofwhich(diciotnary)。Youmaytake_bookyoulike.A.whichB.onlyc.whicheverD.what选复合关系代词本身兼有先行词。whichever=anythingthat,whatever=anythingthat,whoever=anyonewho,whomever=a

13、nyonewhom,whosever=anyonewhose。Thisisthebestdictionary_Iveeverbought.A.withwhichB.thatC.whichD.when选先行词是dictionary，因为先行词前有最高级、序数词、only,very,any等修饰时，关系代词用that。Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where选先行词theday，在定语从句中作状语，所以选when。当先行词是时间名词或地点名词时，关系词选用when或where,that或which，主要取

14、决于在定语从句中所作成份，如果作宾语，用that或which，作状语用when或where。如：（）Istillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespentinthecountryside.先行词是thedays,spent是及物动词，that/which作spent的宾语。（）ThisistheplacewhereIlivedthreeyearsago.先行词是place,lived是不及物动词，where在从句中作状语。（）Thisistheplacethat/whichwevisitedthreeyearsago.先行词是place,visited是及物动词，that

15、/which在从句中作宾语。_,CharlesDickenswasanEnglishwritetr.A.ItsknownntoallB.ItsknownthatC.WeallknowD.Asisknowntoall选as引出非限定性定语从句，表示正如那样。类似的还有：asyouknow,asyousee,ascanbeknown,ashasbeenpointedout,asisknowntoall等。Idontliketheway_youlaughedather.A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.that选先行词是theway，表示方式，可用that（可省）或inwhich来引导

16、一个定语从句。如果先行词是时间或原因，也可用that（可省）或when或why来引导定语从句。如：（）Thiswasthereasonthat/whyhewaslateyesterday.（）ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.三、名词性从句：在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语与同位语的句子分别叫做主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些统称为名词性从句。Canyoumakesure_thegoldring?(MET90)A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.whereha

17、sAliceput选在宾语从句中，须用陈述句自然语序（即疑问词主语谓语）。主句是现在时，从句也亦用相应的一类时态，现在完成时。Thesephotographswillshowyou_(MET89)A.whatdoesoutvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike选show后面接一个宾语从句，语序不合，答案中的how是副词，不能作like的宾语。Theywanttoknow_dotohelpus.(MET88)A.whatcantheyB.whatthey

18、canC.howtheycanD.howcanthey选know后面接一个宾语从句，语序不合，答案中的how是副词，不能作do的宾语。Theyhavenoideaatall_.(MET87)A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhegoC.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone选根据宾语从句语序。Canyoutellme_?（年）A.WhoisthatgentlemanB.thatgentlemaniswhoC.whothatgentlemanisD.whomisthatgentleman选在宾语从句中thatgentleman作主语，who作表语

19、。Theoldgentlemanneverfailstohelp_isinneedofhelp.A.whomB.whoCwhoeverD.whomever选whoever=anyonewho。如：（）Youmaydowhatever(anythingthat)youlike.（）Returnthebooktowhosever(anyonewhose)nameisonit.（）Youhadbetterseethemenforyourselfandchoosewhichever(anyoneofthemthat)youlike._comesbackfirstissupposedtowintheprize.A.ThosewhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Theonewho选Whoever=anyonewho。主谓不一致，句子结构不正确，无让步意味。Thenews_wehadwoninthematchexcitedusall.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.X选Wehadwoninthematch就是thenews的具体内容，同位语从句中的连词that，尽管不作任何成份，但不能省去。