Maps - Citing Medicine - NCBI Bookshelf.docx

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1、Maps - Citing Medicine - NCBI BookshelfNCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers Internet. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library

2、of Medicine (US); 2007-.Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers Internet. 2nd edition.Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor.Bethesda (MD): ; 2007-.Search termChapter 9Maps Created: October 10, 2007; Last Update: August 11, 2021.Sample Citation and Introduction to Ci

3、ting Maps The general format for a reference to a map, including punctuation:References to maps are very similar to books, with five major exceptions:Authors of maps are termed cartographers.If the area covered by the map is not included in the title, it is addedafter the title in square brackets.Th

4、e word map or the specific type of map is given after the title (andarea if needed) in square brackets.Numbers of sheets, not pages, are given.Description of the map is usually provided, including its scale orprojection, its physical size, and whether it is in color or black andwhite.Maps in this se

5、ction refer to those published as independent sheets. For citing mapsappearing in books and atlases, see .Continue to .Continue to .Citation Rules with Examples for Maps Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An Rafter the component name means that it is requi

6、red in the citation; an O after thename means it is optional.| | | | | | | | | | | | | |Author (cartographer) for Maps (required)General Rules for AuthorList names in the order they appear in the textEnter surname (family or last name) first for each authorCapitalize surnames and enter spaces within

7、 surnames as theyappear in the document cited on the assumption that the authorapproved the form used. For example: Van Der Hornor van der Horn; De Wolfor de Wolf or DeWolf.Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for amaximum of two initials following each surname. For example:Smith

8、 AB.Give all authors, regardless of the numberSeparate author names from each other by a comma and a spaceEnd author information with a periodSee below if there are authors and editorsSpecific Rules for AuthorSurnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.Other surname rules.Given names contain

9、ing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, orparticle.Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name.Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew,Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).Organizations a

10、s author.No author can be found.Options for author names.Examples for Author1. 2. 3. 4.Author Affiliation for Maps (optional)General Rules for Author AffiliationEnter the affiliation of all authors or only the first authorBegin with the department and name of the institution, followedby city and sta

11、te/Canadian province/countryUse commas to separate parts of the addressPlace the affiliation in parentheses. For example: (Department ofEarth and Biological Sciences, Loma Linda University, LomaLinda, CA).Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closingparenthesis, unless it is the aff

12、iliation of the last author,then use a periodSpecific Rules for Author AffiliationAbbreviations in affiliations.Organizational names for affiliations not in English.Names for cities and countries not in English.E-mail address included.Examples for Author Affiliation5.Title for Maps (required)General

13、 Rules for TitleEnter the title of a map as it appears in the original document,in the original languageCapitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, properadjectives, acronyms, and initialismsUse a colon followed by a space to separate a title from asubtitle, unless some other form of pu

14、nctuation such as aquestion mark, period, or an exclamation point is alreadypresentFollow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible;place the translation in square bracketsEnd a title with a spaceSpecific Rules for TitleArea of map not indicated in the title.Titles not in English.Title

15、s in more than one language.Titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or anotherspecial character.No title can be found.Examples for Title6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.Map Type (required)General Rules for Map TypeA map type alerts the user that the reference is not to astandard book but to a mapP

16、lace the specific type of map, such as demographic map ortopographical map, after the map title, in square bracketsIf the specific type is unknown, simply use the word mapFollow the bracketed map type with a period unless the map is ina non-print medium (see )Specific Rules for Map TypeSpecific type

17、 of map included.Examples for Map Type13.Type of Medium for Maps (required)General Rules for Type of MediumIndicate the specific type of medium (microfiche, ultrafiche,microfilm, microcard, etc.) when a map is published in amicroformInsert the name of the medium within the square brackets for themap

18、 type, preceded by the word on. For example: map onmicrofiche.Add information about the medium according to the instructions inbelowSee andfor maps in electronic formatsExamples for Type of Medium29.Edition for Maps (required)General Rules for EditionIndicate the edition/version being cited when a m

19、ap is publishedin more than one edition or versionAbbreviate common words if desired (see )Capitalize only the first word of the edition statement, propernouns, and proper adjectivesExpress numbers representing editions in arabic ordinals. Forexample: second becomes 2nd and III becomes 3rd.End the e

20、dition statement with a periodAbbreviation rules for editions.Specific Rules for EditionNon-English words for editions.First editions.Examples for Edition14.Editor and other Secondary Authors for Maps (optional)General Rules for Editor and other Secondary AuthorsA secondary author modifies the work

21、of the author. Examplesinclude editors and translators.Place the names of secondary authors after the map type and anyedition statementUse the same rules for the format of names presented inaboveFollow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor oreditors; the last named translator with a

22、 comma and the wordtranslator or translators, etc.End secondary author information with a periodIf there is no author, move secondary authors such as editors andtranslators to the author position in the referenceSpecific Rules for Editor and other Secondary AuthorsMore than one type of secondary aut

23、hor.Secondary author performing more than one role.Non-English names for secondary authors.Organization as editor.Examples for Editor and other Secondary Authors15.Place of Publication for Maps (required)General Rules for Place of PublicationPlace is defined as the city where the map was publishedFo

24、llow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviationfor the state or province (see ) to avoid confusion when citing lesserknown cities or when cities in different locations have the samename, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL)Follow cities in other countries with the name of the

25、 country,either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see), whenciting lesser known cities or when cities in different locationshave the same name, such as London (ON) and London (England)Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna forWeinEnd place information with a colon

26、 and a spaceSpecific Rules for Place of PublicationNon-US cities.Joint publication.Multiple places of publication.No place of publication can be found.Examples for Place of Publication16. 17. 18.Publisher for Maps (required)General Rules for PublisherRecord the name of the publisher as it appears in

27、 the map, usingwhatever capitalization and punctuation is found thereAbbreviate well-known publisher names with caution to avoidconfusion. For example, John Wiley Sons, Ltd. may becomesimply Wiley.When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher appearsin the publication, enter the publisher

28、name first. For example:Louisiana State University, Department of Geography andAnthropology.End publisher information with a semicolon and a spaceSpecific Rules for PublisherAbbreviated words in publisher names.Non-English names for publishers.Government agencies and other national and international

29、 bodies aspublisher.Joint publication.Multiple publishers.No publisher can be found.Examples for Publisher19. 20. 21. 22.Date of Publication for Maps (required)General Rules for Date of PublicationAlways give the year of publicationConvert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to2000.Inc

30、lude the month of publication, if desired, after the year,such as 2004 MayUse English names for months and abbreviate them to the firstthree letters, such as JanEnd date information with a periodSpecific Rules for Date of PublicationMultiple years of publication.Non-English names for months.Date of

31、publication and date of copyright.No date of publication, but a date of copyright.No date of publication or copyright can be found.Options for date of publication.Examples for Date of Publication23. 24. 25. 26.Pagination for Maps (optional)General Rules for PaginationProvide the total number of shee

32、ts on which the map appearsFollow the sheet total with a space and the word sheet orsheetsEnd pagination information with a colon and a space, unless nois provided, then use a periodSpecific Rules for PaginationMore than one map on a sheet or more than one sheet per map.Examples for Pagination27.Phy

33、sical Description for Maps (optional)General Rules for Physical DescriptionBegin with the scale of the map, followed by a semicolon and aspace. For example: 1:250,000;Enter the size of the map in centimeters, followed by a semicolonand a space. For example: 80 x 44 cm.;Indicate if the map is in colo

34、r or black whiteEnd the map description with a periodGive information on the physical characteristics if a map ispublished in a microform (microfilm, microfiche, etc.). Forexample: 1 microfiche: black white, negative, 2 x 4Specific Rules for Physical DescriptionLanguage for describing map characteri

35、stics.Language for describing microform characteristics.Examples for Physical Description27. 28. 29.Series for Maps (optional)General Rules for SeriesBegin with the name of the seriesCapitalize only the first word and proper nounsFollow the name with any numbers provided. For example, vol. 3for a vo

36、lume or no. 12 for an issue number.Separate the title and the number by a semicolon and a spacePlace series information in parenthesesEnd series information with a period, placed outside the closingparenthesisExamples for Series30.Language for Maps (required)General Rules for LanguageGive the langua

37、ge of publication if other than EnglishCapitalize the language nameFollow the language name with a periodSpecific Rules for LanguageMaps appearing in more than one language.Examples for Language7. 8. 9. 10.Notes for Maps (optional)General Rules for NotesNotes is a collective term for any type of use

38、ful informationgiven after the citation itselfComplete sentences are not requiredBe briefSpecific Rules for NotesMap accompanied by written or other material.Other types of material to include in notes.Examples for Notes31.Examples of Citations to Maps1. Standard citation to a map Buchholz D, cartog

39、rapher. Street map, San Diego, southern area map. Oceanside(CA): Global Graphics; 2000. 1 sheet: 1:45,000; 89 x 68.5 cm.; color.Davies DH, Wheeler RG, cartographers. Zimbabwe population distribution, August1982 map. Causeway (Zimbabwe): Zimbabwe Surveyor-General; 1985. 1 sheet:1:1,000,000; 78 x 88 c

40、m.; color.2. Map with designation of family rank for the author (cartographer) Giese GL, Mason RR Jr,cartographers. Low-flow characteristics of streams in North Carolina map.Raleigh (NC): Geological Survey (US); 1991. 2 sheets: 1:2,125,000; 73 x 106 cm.;color.3. Map with an organization as author (c

41、artographer) Aces Products,cartographer. Navajo Nation, U.S.A., P.H.S., Indian HealthService Southwestern United States map. Window Rock (AZ): Indian HealthService (US), Navajo Area; date unknown. 1 sheet: 1:1,600,000; 26 x 31 cm.;color.Rwanda, Ministere de la Sante,cartographer. Rwanda health facil

42、ities map. Kigali(Rwanda): MINISANTE; 2000. 1 sheet: 60 x 92 cm.; color.4. Map with no author (cartographer) provided Sample PSUs for the health interview survey (HIS), 1980 redesign United Statesmap. Washington: Bureau of the Census (US), Geography Division; 1986. 1 sheet:1:5,000,000; 66 x 97 cm.;

43、color.Pink bollworm quarantine Southwestern United States map. Washington:Department of Agriculture (US), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service;1997. 1 sheet: 18 x 27 cm.; color.5. Map showing author (cartographer) affiliation Davies DH (Department of Geography,University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Z

44、imbabwe), Wheeler RG,cartographers. Zimbabwe population distribution, August 1982 map. Causeway(Zimbabwe): Zimbabwe Surveyor-General; 1985. 1 sheet: 1:1,000,000; 78 x 88 cm.;color.6. Map with subtitle American Nuclear Society, cartographer. Commercial nuclear power stations aroundthe world: operable

45、, under constructionor ordered, September 1991 map. La Grange Park (IL):Nuclear News; 1991. 7 maps on 1 sheet: 59 x 136 cm.; black white.7. Map with a title not in English Plano de los transportes publicos delarea de salud 1 sur-este de Madrid map. Madrid: Comunidadde Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad,

46、Direccion General Planificacion Sanitaria;2000. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 65 cm.; color. Spanish.Beijing Shi ji ben yi liao bao xian dingdian yi liao ji gou ding dian ling shou yao dian zhi nan tumap. Beijing: Zhongguo di tu chu ban she; 2003. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 52 x 76 cm.and 38 x 38 cm.; color. Chin

47、ese.Vodacka mapa CSFRCzechoslovak Federal Republic map. Prague: Kartografie Praha; 1991. 1 map on2 sheets: 1:500,000; 79 x 157 cm.; color. Czech.8. Map with a title not in English with optional translation Plano de los transportes publicos del area de salud 1 sur-este de MadridPublic transportation plan of thefirst southeastern health area of Madrid map. Madrid:Comunidad de Madrid, Consejeria de Sanidad, Direccion General PlanificacionSanitaria; 2000. 2 maps on 1 sheet: 38 x 65 cm.; color. Spanish.Beijing Shi ji ben yi liao bao xian ding dian yi liao ji gou ding dian ling shouyao dian